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Unit - 2 - Hardware and Software Computer Organization

This document provides an overview of hardware, software, and operating systems. It discusses primary and secondary storage methods and various storage devices. It defines different types of software like system software, utility software, and applications software. It describes programming languages like machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. It also explains the functions of operating systems and compares compilers, interpreters, and assemblers. Finally, it outlines various types of operating systems including DOS, Windows, and Unix/Linux.

Uploaded by

Dr. Rupali Taru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
43 views

Unit - 2 - Hardware and Software Computer Organization

This document provides an overview of hardware, software, and operating systems. It discusses primary and secondary storage methods and various storage devices. It defines different types of software like system software, utility software, and applications software. It describes programming languages like machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. It also explains the functions of operating systems and compares compilers, interpreters, and assemblers. Finally, it outlines various types of operating systems including DOS, Windows, and Unix/Linux.

Uploaded by

Dr. Rupali Taru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Overview points on:

Hardware and software (Computer


Organization)
Unit 2

BY
Dr. Rupali Taru (Assistant Professor)
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Department of Management Studies
(Off Campus)
Navi Mumbai, MH-IN
Unit 2- Hardware and software (Computer
Organization)
 Hardware: Primary Vs Secondary Storage, Data storage & retrieval methods.
Primary Storage: RAM ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM. Secondary Storage:
Magnetic Tapes, Magnetic Disks. Cartridge tape, hard disks, Floppy disks Optical
Disks, Compact Disks, Zip Drive, Flash Drives.
 Software and its needs, Types of S/W. System Software: Operating System, Utility
Programs Programming Language: Machine Language, Assembly Language, High
Level Language their advantages & disadvantages.
 Operating System: Functions, Measuring System Performance, Assemblers,
Compilers and Interpreters. Batch Processing, Multiprogramming, Multi-Tasking,
Multiprocessing, Time Sharing, DOS, Windows, Unix/Linux.
Hardware
 Primary Vs Secondary Storage, Data storage & retrieval methods. Primary Storage:
RAM ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM. Secondary Storage: Magnetic Tapes, Magnetic
Disks. Cartridge tape, hard disks, Floppy disks Optical Disks, Compact Disks, Zip
Drive, Flash Drives.
Software
 Software is the collection of data, programs, procedures, routines and
instructions that instruct a computer or electronic device how to run, work
and execute specific tasks. This is in contrast to hardware, which is the
physical system and components that perform the work.
Types of Software:
 Application Software
 System Software
 Utility Software
 Firmware
 Programming Software
 Driver Software
 Freeware
 Shareware
 Open Source Software
System Software
 System software provides a platform for other software and includes the
programs managing the computer itself, such as the computer’s operating
system, file management utilities and disk operating system (or DOS). The
system’s files consist of libraries of functions, system services, drivers for
printers and other hardware, system preferences and other configuration
files. The programs in system software encompass assemblers, compilers, file
management tools, system utilities and debuggers.
Utility Software

 Utility software is software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or


maintain a computer. It is used to support the computer infrastructure - in
contrast to application software, which is aimed at directly performing tasks
that benefit ordinary/ end users.
Applications Software
 Application software is a software program or group of programs designed for end-
users. There are many types of application software.
Types of application software
 Word Processing Software: Google Docs, Microsoft Word, WordPad and Notepad
 Database Software: MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, Oracle, IBM DB2 and FoxPro
 Spreadsheet Software: Google Sheets, Apple Numbers and Microsoft Excel
 Multimedia Software: Media Player, Winamp, QuickTime and VLC Media Player
 Presentation Software: Google Slides, Microsoft Powerpoint, Keynotes
 Enterprise Software: ERP, Sharepoint
 Information Worker Software: Documentation tools, resource management tools
 Communication Software: Zoom, Google Meet, Skype
 Educational Software: Dictionaries – Encarta, Britannica; Mathematical: MATLAB; Others: Google
Earth
 Simulation Software: Flight and scientific simulators
 Content Access Software: Accessing content through media players, web browsers
 Application Suites: Microsoft Office365, Apple’s iWork, G-Suite, Oracle E-Business Suite
 Software for Engineering and Product Development: IDE or Integrated Development Environments
 Email Software: Microsoft Outlook, Gmail, Apple Mail
Software-Programming Language:

 Programming Language:
 Machine Language,
 Assembly Language,
 High Level Language
 their advantages & disadvantages.
Operating System: Functions
Assemblers, Compilers and Interpreters.
 Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler are language translators.
 The difference between compiler interpreter and assembler
 is that compiler converts whole high level language programs to machine
language at a time while
 interpreter converts high level language programs to machine language line
by line
 and assembler converts assembly language programs to machine language.
Types of OS
 Batch Processing,
 Multiprogramming,
 Multi-Tasking,
 Multiprocessing,
 Time Sharing,
 E.g DOS, Windows, Unix/Linux.

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