Nail Tech8 Lesson Plan

MILADY STANDARD NAIL TECHNOLOGY
COURSE MANAGEMENT GUIDE

LESSON PLAN 6.0
INSTRUCTOR NAME: DATE TAUGHT:
Part: Nail Services

Chapter: Manicuring
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to:
1. Explain why you should learn about manicuring.
2. List the services that are included in your state’s scope of practice for nail technicians.
3. Describe the equipment needed to perform nail services.
4. List the types of multiuse and single-use implements used during nail services.
5. Describe the materials used during nail services.
6. Explain the uses of professional nail products.
7. Demonstrate the basic manicure technique.
8. Outline the steps in the application of nail polish.
9. Describe how to approach a man’s manicure service.
10. Demonstrate the massage techniques for the nail professional.
11. Compare the process of a spa manicure and a basic manicure.
12. Identify the benefits and best infection control practices for paraffin wax treatments.
13. Describe approaches to personal manicures that are sensitive to clients of all physical and
mental abilities.
IMPLEMENTS, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES

Student Instructor Items
X X Milady Standard Nail Technology
X X Milady Standard Nail Technology Workbook
X Milady Standard Nail Technology Instructor Support Slides
X X Milady Standard Nail Technology MindTap
X Milady Standard Nail Technology Course Management Guide
X Notebook/Tablet/Computer
196 © 2021 Milady, a part of Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or d uplicated, in whole or in-part, except for use as permitted in a license
distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password protected website for classroom use.
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Lesson 6 Manicuring 197
FACILITY: Theory classroom

TIME ALLOTMENT: 2 to 4 hours (adjust based on school schedule and student participation/activities)
PRIOR STUDENT ASSIGNMENT
1. Read Milady Standard Nail Technology Chapter 6: Manicuring.
2. Other:
CONVERSATION STARTER
Manicures are the most popular nail service requested in the salon. Whether the goal of the service is nail care
maintenance for your client, or a special treat, every client deserves your undivided attention and care.
While the manicure is the quintessential “feel good” service, it is also an important grooming service that we
provide. It is inevitable that some of your clients will have a disability, either visibly or invisibly. Because of this, it
is vital that your follow the strictest level of care and infection control for all of your clients.
(Share with students some of your own observations about having manicures, how it felt to be in that salon,
how you were treated, how you enjoyed your nails. Ask them to share some of their own memories.)
Let’s look at this chapter carefully and take it to heart. The manicure is the foundational service that you will
build your entire career around—let’s make sure we perfect it!
lessON ACTIVITIES
1. State’s Scope of Practice: Break students into small groups and have them use their cell phones/tablets to look up
your state’s scope of practice. Hold a discussion on what the state says is legal and illegal to perform.
2. Cell Phone Scavenger Hunt: Place students in groups of three. Give each group a list of the 10 to 20 pieces of equip-
ment needed to perform nail services. Give students 10 minutes to go on a scavenger hunt throughout the school: They
must find and take a picture of each piece of equipment. Once they are back in the classroom, talk about whether they
had a hard time finding any of the equipment.
3. Single Use or Multiuse?: Have students work in pairs. Have them write the name of every implement—both multiuse
and single use—on a separate index card. After they have finished, have the first student show each card, one by one, to
the second student. That student will identify if the implement is single use or multiuse. Then have students reverse and
repeat the exercise.
4. Set Up Your Table: Have students practice setting up their manicuring table with all the necessary equipment, imple-
ments, and materials. Have them complete this for a basic manicure.
5. What Type of Nail Tool Am I?: Have students close their books and perform this activity from memory. Ask students
to take out their kits and divide the contents into four groups: equipment, implements, materials, and professional nail
products. Walk around the room to make sure they placed all the tools into the correct pile.
6. Client Consultation: Have every student complete the school’s client consultation form. Then place students in
pairs. Each student will use their partner’s client consultation form to perform a consultation for a manicure service on
their partner.
© 2021 Milady, a part of Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or d uplicated, in whole or in-part, except for use as permitted in a license
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198 MILADY STANDARD nail technology: COURSE MANAGEMENT GUIDE LESSON PLAN
7. Practice Nail Shapes: Have each student glue nail tips to a wooden dowel (create at least five dowels). Have each
student file the nail tips, creating the five basic nail shapes (square, squoval, round, oval and pointed/stiletto). Challenge
students to continue practicing each shape until they can consistently create the same shape at least five times.
8. Perform the Three-Part Procedure: Have your students choose a partner on whom they can perform the three-part
procedure. Have students perform Procedures 6–1: Pre-Service Procedure, 6–3: Performing a Basic Manicure and 6–2:
Post-Service Procedure. Students should have a clear understanding of why each part is necessary and be able to perform
a basic manicure as part of the service procedure.
9. The Perfect Polish: Have students practice the three-stroke polishing technique on the nail tips that were filed in
Activity #7.
10. Polish Cleanup: Students are not going to be perfect at polishing when just starting out. Demonstrate various cleanup
methods using cotton, orangewood sticks, and cleanup brushes. Ask students to purposely apply the polish messily and
then clean it up around the cuticles and on the skin.
11. Demonstrate the Massage: Massage is a very important part of the nail service for the purpose of relaxation. Have
students demonstrate each massage technique on another student.
12. Paraffin Wax Application: Have students work in pairs and practice various methods of paraffin was application.
Student ASSIGNMENTS
1. Have students complete Chapter 6 of the Milady Standard Nail Technology Workbook and/or MindTap assessments.
2. Read Milady Standard Nail Technology Chapter 7: Pedicuring.
3. Have students complete a review and final testing of Milady Standard Nail Technology Online Licensing Preparation.
4. Direct the students to make flashcards of the glossary words to use to study for the state boards.
5. On the lines below, list any activities, assignments, or ideas that have been used effectively with this lesson in order to
aid other instructors who may use this lesson plan in the future:
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SUBJECT OUTLINE class notes

Enter your notes for class here!
I. EXPLAIN WHY YOU SHOULD LEARN
ABOUT MANICURING
II. List the services that are included
in your state’s scope of practice
for nail technicians
III. Describe the Equipment Needed to
Perform Nail Services
A. Manicure Table
B. Adjustable Lamp
C. Chairs
D. Finger Bowl
E. Disinfection Container
F. Client’s Arm Cushion
G. Service Cushion
H. Gauze and Cotton Wipe Container
I. Covered Trash Containers
J. Supply Tray
K. Electric Nail Polish Dryer
L. UV or LED Light Units
M. Autoclave
N. Electric Hand/Foot Mitts
O. Terry Cloth Mitts
P. Paraffin Treatment
Q. Ventilation System
IV. List Types of Multiuse and Single-Use
Implements Used During Nail Services
A. Types of Multiuse Implements
B. Single-Use Implements
V. DESCRIBE THE MATERIALS USED DURING
NAIL SERVICES
A. Gloves
B. Dust Mask
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C. Abrasive Nail Files and Buffers class notes

D. Two-Way or Three-Way Buffer
E. Single-Use or Terry Cloth Towels
F. Gauze, Cotton Balls, Pledgets, or
Plastic-Backed Pads
G. Plastic, Wooden, or Metal Spatulas
VI. Explain the uses of PROFESSIONAL
NAIL PRODUCTS
A. Soap
B. Polish Remover
C. Nail Creams, Lotions, and Oils
D. Cuticle Removers
E. Colored Polish, Enamel, Lacquer, or Varnish
F. Gel Polish
G. Base Coat
H. Nail Hardener
I. Topcoat
J. Nail Polish Dryer Products
K. Hand Creams and Lotions
L. Nail Conditioners
M. Sunscreens
VII. Demonstrate The Basic Manicure
technique
A. Three-Part Procedure
B. Hand Washing
C. The Manicure Consultation
D. Basic Nail Shapes
VIII. OUTLINE THE STEPS IN THE APPLICATION
OF NAIL POLISH
A. Choose a Nail Color
B. The Polish Application
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IX. DESCRIBE HOW TO APPROACH A class notes

MEn’s Manicure Service
A. Men’s Nail Shapes
B. Men’s Massage
C. Men’s Color Selection
X. DEMONSTRATE the Massage
Techniques for the nail
professional
A. Pre-Massage Considerations
B. General Movements for Massage
XI. COMPARE THE PROCESS OF A SPA
MANICURE AND A BASIC MANICURE
A. Theme Manicures
B. The Waterless Manicure
XII. IDENTIFY the benefits and
INFECTION CONTROL practices of
Paraffin Wax Treatments for
clients
A. Paraffin Application Cautions
B. Paraffin Application
C. Before a Manicure
D. During a Manicure
E. Stand-Alone Service
XIII. DESCRIBE APPROACHES TO PERSONAL
MANICURES THAT ARE SENSITIVE
TO CLIENTS WITH SPECIAL HEALTH
CONSIDERATIONS
A. Tools and Implements
B. Paraffin
C. Massage
XIV. MANICURING PROCEDURES
XV. CHAPTER REVIEW
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OUTLINE IN-DEPTH NOTES MINDTAP ACTIVITIES

(information to share during
presentation)
I. EXPLAIN WHY YOU Manicuring is the art of caring for and Ch 6 Read: Chapter Learning
beautifying the hands and fingernails. As Objectives
SHOULD LEARN ABOUT a nail technician, you need a thorough Ch 6 Do: Case Study
understanding of manicuring because: Ch 6 Read: Explain Why You
MANICURING Should Learn About
• The appearance of nails and hands has
become a visual benchmark in our society Manicuring
Slides 1–7 in the assessment of a person, both Ch 6 Watch: An Introduction
socially and professionally. to the Creative World of
Manicuring
• Fashions are continuously changing, and Ch 6 Do: Why Study? Essay
nail professionals should stay current with
new trends in the nail industry.
• Some clients cannot maintain their
own nails; others prefer to have a
knowledgeable professional perform this
task for them.
• Clients love the relaxation and pampering
that manicures provide in this stressful
world.
II. LIST THE SERVICES Ch 6 Read: List the Services

that are Included in Your
THAT ARE INCLUDED IN State’s Scope of Practice
for Nail Technicians
YOUR STATE’S SCOPE Ch 6 Do: Scope of Practice
OF PRACTICE FOR NAIL PathBrite
TECHNICIANS
Slides 8–10
• Scope of practice The list of services that you are legally allowed
(SOP) to perform within your specialty in your
state. The SOP may or may not state those
services that you cannot legally perform.
Performing services outside those allowed by
the regulations can result in loss of license. If
a client is harmed while you are performing
an illegal service, you are fully liable, both
professionally and personally.
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Note: If you are licensed in one state and move

and become licensed in a different state, the
scope of work for your license may change.
Always check with the local state board to
learn what the laws and regulations are for the
state in which you currently live.
ACTIVITY: State’s Scope of Complete Lesson Activity #1.

Practice
CHECK IN 1. What is your scope of practice (SOP)?

2. What are the consequences for you, as a nail
technician, if you work outside your SOP?
FOCUS ON: Tools As a professional nail technician, it is important

needed for nail that you learn to work with the tools required
for nail services and know all safety, cleaning,
services and disinfection procedures as stated in your
state’s regulations. The four types of nail
technology tools that you will incorporate into
your services include:
1. Equipment
2. Implements
3. Materials
4. Professional nail services
III. Describe the Equip- Equipment includes all tools used to perform Ch 6 Read: Describe the
nail services that are not implements. Equipment Needed to
ment Needed to Per- Perform Nail Services
Ch 6 Do: Equipment True or
form Nail Services False
Ch 6 Do: It’s Electric True or
Slides 11–26 False
Ch 6 Do: Outfitting Your Nail
Station PathBrite
A. Manicure Table Manicuring table usually includes a drawer

for storing properly cleaned and disinfected
implements and a shelf (one or more, with or
without doors) for storing professional products.
The surface of the table must be cleaned and
disinfected after every client; therefore, it must
be a hard and impenetrable surface, such as
Formica or glass, and be kept clear of clutter.
• Implements Tools used to perform nail services that are

multiple use (reusable) or disposable.
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B. Adjustable Lamp An adjustable lamp is attached to the table

and should use a 40- to 60-watt incandescent
bulb or a fluorescent bulb. Fluorescent bulb
lamps show the skin and polishes in their
actual color in natural light. They do not heat
up objects, as do high-watt incandescent
bulbs. Too much heat emitted from using
incandescent bulbs can cause products to cure
too quickly, causing undue cracking and lifting.
Caution Do not touch or allow your client to get

too close to your light source. Light bulbs,
especially incandescent ones, can become
very hot while in use, and the possibility of a
burn is very real.
C. Chairs
• Nail technician chair The chair should be selected for ergonomics,
comfort, durability, resistance to staining, and
ease of cleaning. A chair with wheels allows
the technician maneuverability and hydraulics
to allow up-and-down adjustment.
• Client’s chair Must be durable and comfortable. Select a
chair without arms or with low arms on the
sides so it can be moved closer to the table.
This will allow the client’s arms to rest on
the nail table and prevent the client and nail
technician from needing to stretch forward.
The chair should also have a supportive back
so the client can sit comfortably and relax
during the service. The client chair should
not have wheels to avoid instability and
movement.
D. Finger Bowl A finger bowl is used for soaking the client’s

fingers in warm water to soften the skin and
cuticle. Made from various materials, such as
plastic, metal, glass, or even an attractive ceramic.
Should be durable and easy to thoroughly clean
and disinfect after use on each client.
E. Disinfection Container A disinfection container must be large enough

to hold sufficient liquid disinfectant solution
to completely immerse several service sets of
implements.
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• Service sets Sets of all the tools that will be used in a

service.
Containers that do not allow the entire
implement (including handles) to be submerged
are not acceptable for use. All disinfectant
containers must be kept closed when not in use
to prevent contamination and evaporation.
F. Client’s Arm Cushion Consider using an 8” (20.3 cm) to 12” (30.5

cm) cushion that can be cleaned with soap
and water and that is made especially for the
comfort of the client’s arm. It must be covered
with a fresh, clean towel for each client.
G. Service Cushion A foam cushion that is higher in the middle

and lower on the ends can be placed between
the client and the nail technician during a
manicure, providing more comfort during the
service for both parties. Must be fully covered
by a fresh, clean towel throughout each service.
H. Gauze and Cotton This container holds cotton lint-free wipes or

Wipe Container gauze squares for use during the services. It
must have a lid to protect the contents from
dust and contaminants.
I. Covered Trash A trash container with a self-closing lid should be

located next to your workstation. Should be lined
Containers with a disposable trash bag and closed when
not in use. It must be emptied at the end of each
workday and cleaned and disinfected often.
Check with your state regarding specific rules on
cleaning and disinfecting your trash container.
J. Supply Tray A supply tray holds such nail products as polishes,

polish removers, and creams. It should be sturdy
and easy to clean. Many technicians put every
product they need for the service that they will
perform on a tray and then lift it from a shelf in
their station onto their table. The tray needs to be
cleaned and disinfected after every client.
K. Electric Nail Polish A nail polish dryer shortens the time it takes
Dryer for the client’s nail polish to dry. Electric dryers
have heaters and fans that blow air onto
the nail plates to speed the evaporation of
solvents from nail polishes, allowing them
to harden more quickly. Light bulb–type nail
polish dryers create warmth to speed drying.
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L. UV or LED Light Units Ultraviolet (UV) lamps and light-emitting

diode (LED) lamps are light units, although
many clients think of them as dryers. They are
designed to cure, not dry, polishes that contain
an ingredient sensitive to the UVA wavelength
of the bulb in the dryer.
M. Autoclave An autoclave uses high-temperature steam and

pressure to kill microorganisms and their spores.
It works like a pressure cooker, continuously
generating steam, heat, and pressure until it
reaches 250 degrees Fahrenheit (or 121 degrees
Celsius). Once optimal heat, pressure, and
steam levels are reached, it must remain at that
point for at least 15 minutes to kill all harmful
microorganisms and their spores. A spore test
should be conducted every 30 days to ensure
it doesn’t become an incubator for pathogens.
Check with your local state board on the use of
autoclaves and infection control laws.
1. Sterilizers (Say No Electric sterilizers, bead sterilizers, and baby

to Sterilizers) sterilizers should not be used to disinfect or
sterilize implements. These devices can spread
potentially infectious diseases and should
never be used in a salon or spa. UV light units
will not disinfect or sterilize implements.
N. Electric Hand/Foot Heated mitts are designed to add special

treatment to a manicure. Heated mitts make for
Mitts a higher-cost service or can be an add-on to a
service. After the massage, conditioning lotion or
even a mask may be applied to the hands and/
or feet, which are then placed in a plastic cover
and inserted into the foot mitts. The warmth
helps the conditioning ingredients to penetrate,
adds to the comfort of the service, and provides
ultimate relaxation for the client. Electric mitts
are available for both hands and feet.
O. Terry Cloth Mitts Washable mitts are placed over a client’s hands
or feet after a penetrating conditioning product
has been applied, and a cover is placed over the
product to prevent it from getting onto the mitts.
They are routinely used over paraffin to maintain
the heat for a longer time or over masks to
encourage the natural heat from the skin to
enhance penetration of the product’s ingredients.
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P. Paraffin Treatment A paraffin tub has an automatic thermostat

that maintains the paraffin at the ideal
temperature for application to the hands and
feet. Paraffin is applied to the skin to enhance
moisture. Can be added to manicures and
pedicures for an extra charge or included
in an upscale service. All states require that
items like paraffin (multiuse containers) be
removed for single use in a manner that does
not contaminate the remaining product. You
should never dip a client’s hand or foot directly
into the paraffin tub. Instead, once the paraffin
is at a safe temperature, scoop the paraffin
from the tub and place it in a clear paraffin
bag, which is then placed over your client’s
hand or foot. Any paraffin used with your client
needs to be discarded after use.
Q. Ventilation System Proper ventilation should be used in the salon

to protect nail technicians from becoming
overexposed to vapors and dust. Do not use
fans or open widows; they will simply circulate
vapors and dust around the room. Fans and
open windows will actually push the vapors
down closer to the ground, where clients and
technicians are more likely to inhale them.
• Local source-capture These systems are designed to capture vapors

ventilation systems and dust at the source and remove them from
the air before they have a chance to escape into
the salon. Many types are mobile and can be
easily transported from one station to another.
• Ventilated tables with Some salons have ventilated tables with filters.
filters In order to improve air quality, these filters
need to be changed regularly. It is best if the
tables are vented to the outside.
• Portable downdraft Portable downdraft vent machines use a

vent machines powerful fan to pull down and capture
chemical vapors and nail dust into a two-stage
carbon filter. These carbon filter vent machines
sit directly below the nail technician’s
breathing zone, capturing dust and vapors
right at the source. The fan pulls the nail dust
and odor down through the filter, leaving odor
and chemical-free air at the source.
ACTIVITY: Cell Phone Complete Lesson Activity #2.

Scavenger Hunt
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CHECK IN 3. What equipment is needed to

perform nail services?
4. True or false: Autoclaves, fingerbowls, and
disinfection containers are considered
equipment.
5. True or false: Cuticle nippers and metal
pushers are considered equipment.
IV. List Types of Multiuse Implements are tools used to perform services. Ch 6 Read: List the Types of
Multiuse and Single-Use
and Single-Use Implements Used During
Nail Services
Implements Used Ch 6 Do: Implement Matching
During Nail Services Ch 6 Do: Implements for
Service Fill in the Blank
Slides 27–32
• Multiuse Implements that are generally stainless

implements steel, as they must be properly cleaned and
disinfected prior to use on another client.
• Single-use Implements that cannot be reused and must be
implements thrown away after a single use.
Nail technicians should have several clean and
disinfected service sets of implements available
for use at all times.
A. Types of Multiuse Multiuse implements are those that can be

Implements reused after infection control procedures have
been performed on them. They are metal—or
stainless steel if they are to maintain their quality.
1. Metal pusher Used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the

natural nail plate. They must be stainless steel
and used carefully so they do not cause damage
to the nail and the nail matrix or microscopic
trauma or injury to the tissues. Improper use
on the nail plate can cause grooving in the nail
plate. Damage to the nail matrix can cause nail
growth problems, and tiny microscopic openings
in the skin can allow microbes to enter through
the skin that can lead to infection.
• Holding the pusher Be sure to smooth any rough or sharp edges
on your metal pusher. Do not thin the file’s
edges into a blade, which would allow it to cut
the tissue.
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Hold the metal pusher the way you hold

a pencil, with the flat end held at a 20- to
30-degree angle from the nail plate. With the
spoon end, carefully loosen and push back the
dead cuticle tissue on the nail plate.
Note to educator: Everyone doesn’t hold a
pencil the same way. Take a moment and have
each student hold their metal pusher the way
they would hold their pencil. Observe their
form and correct as needed.
2. Nail nippers A stainless steel implement used to carefully

trim away dead skin around the nails. It should
never be used to cut, rip, or tear live tissue, as
the live nail fold tissue is important to ward
off microbes and prevent infection around
the nail plate. Nippers must be cleaned and
disinfected before use on every client, taking
special care to open the hinges for cleaning
and disinfecting. Always maintain a sharp edge
on your nippers to prevent accidental ripping
and tearing into the live tissue.
• Holding the nippers To use nippers, hold your thumb around one
handle and three fingers around the other,
with the blades facing the nail plate. Your
index finger is placed on the box joint to help
control the blade and guide it properly.
3. Tweezers Multitask implements that can be used for lifting

small bits of debris from the nail plate, retrieving
and placing nail art, removing implements from
disinfectant solutions, and much more. They
must be properly cleaned and disinfected before
use on any client. They must be stainless steel in
order to be disinfected after use.
4. Nail clippers Used to shorten the free edge quickly and

efficiently. Clipping nails that are too long will
save filing time during your service. Clip the
nails from each side to prevent stress damage
to the sides of the nail plates and then file to
shape the nails. Nail clippers must be properly
cleaned and disinfected before use on every
client. These implements must be stainless
steel to be properly disinfected.
• Using the nail clippers To use, start from a side and nip the nail in
small bites across the free edge, taking care
to trim only the free edge and not to nip the
tissues surrounding the nails.
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Did You Know? A nail technician needs at least three sets of

high-quality stainless steel implements in order
to have a completely clean and disinfected
set ready for each client. One set is in the
disinfectant or autoclave, a second is in use,
and a third set is ready for use. Remember, it
can take approximately 15 to 20 minutes to
properly clean and then disinfect implements
after each use and 25 minutes for the
autoclave process to be completed. By always
having a set of implements ready, your clients
won’t have to wait for the disinfection process
if you run late.
B. Single-Use All single-use implements are used once on

a client. They are then discarded, preferably
Implements in the client’s view, to ensure that they are
indeed not being used again.
1. Brushes and applicators Any brush or applicator that cannot be

properly cleaned and disinfected according
to your state’s regulations must be disposed
of after a single use. Check with the
manufacturer if you are unsure whether a
brush or applicator can be properly cleaned
and then disinfected.
• The exception Nail polish brushes are the exception. They
are stored in an oxygen-free, water-free liquid
(polish), and the chemicals used in the polishes
do not allow for the growth of microbes.
However, microbes just picked up by the brush
can be carried to another nail if the brush is
immediately used to polish.
2. Wooden pusher Used to remove dead cuticle tissue from the nail
plate, to clean under the free edge of the nail, or
to apply products.
• Holding the wooden Hold the stick as you would a pencil, with the
pusher tip at a 20- to 30-degree angle from the nail
plate while pushing the cuticle free.
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• Proper use Apply nail products by completely wrapping

the end of the stick with a small piece of
cotton and placing or dipping the product
onto the cotton. If the cotton tip is dipped into
the product, enough must be retrieved for the
entire application. If more product is needed,
the cotton on your wooden pusher must be
changed after each application; alternatively,
the product can be placed into a dappen dish
for use specific to that client and then disposed
of to prevent contamination of the product.
Using products that have spout lids can
shorten the application time. The spout must
not touch the cotton tip, nail plate, or the skin.
3. Nail brushes
• Natural hair brushes Natural hair nail brushes cannot be cleaned or
disinfected and should be discarded after use.
• Synthetic “hair” Synthetic “hair” brushes can be cleaned and
brushes disinfected by immersion.
• Exception to rule There is one exception to this rule, and that

is when you are using products that are not
capable of harboring or supporting the growth
of pathogenic microbes—such as alcohol, nail
polish, monomers and polymers, UV gels, and
nail primers. Since these products cannot harbor
or support pathogen growth, the brushes do
not need to be cleaned and disinfected between
each use unless they touch a contaminated
surface immediately before moving to another
nail. However, a brush used to apply oil to
the nail plate or cuticles should be considered
contaminated since these products can become
exposed to bacteria and do support bacterial
growth. You should use disposable brushes
or droppers to apply oils to the nail plate or
surrounding skin and disposed of after use.
4. Disposable product Disposable application brushes can be used
application brushes to apply nail oils or treatments to a client’s
nails. It is recommended that you purchase
inexpensive disposable brushes to apply
products that can support bacterial growth.
Dip enough product out of the container onto
your brush for your entire application or pour
a small amount of the product into a clean
dappen dish. Dip the application brush into
the dish throughout the application and then
throw both the brush and the product away
after the application is finished.
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ACTIVITY: Single Use or Complete Lesson Activity #3.

Multiuse?
CHECK IN 6. What are implements?

7. What is the difference between multiuse
and single-use implements?
8. Is a wooden pusher a single-use or
multiuse implement? Why?
V. DESCRIBE THE Ch 6 Read: Describe the

Materials Used During
MATERIALS USED Nail Services
Ch 6 Do: Abrasives Essay
DURING NAIL SERVICES Ch 6 Do: Materials Fill in the Blank
Slides 33–42
A. Gloves Gloves are personal protective equipment

(PPE) worn to protect the nail technician from
exposure to microbes during services.
• Personal protective The Occupational Safety and Health Act
equipment (PPE) (OSHA) defines PPEs as “specialized clothing
or equipment worn by an employee for
protection against a hazard.” The hazards this
particular standard refers to are bloodborne
pathogens (BBPs), pathogenic microorganisms
that are present in human blood, and other
body fluids that can cause disease in humans.
• Single-use equipment Gloves are single-use equipment: A new set is
used for every client. Gloves may need to be
changed during the service, according to the
protocol.
• Removing gloves Gloves are removed by inverting the cuffs,
pulling them off inside out, and then disposing
of them into the trash. The glove taken off first
is held in the hand with a glove still on it; that
glove with the cuff inverted is pulled over the
first glove inside out. The first glove is then
inside the second one, which has the service
side now on the inside against the other glove.
Both gloves are disposed of together.
• Multiple services on When you perform a manicure and a pedicure
the same client on the same client, you must wear a new set of
gloves for each service. If the services require that
you move from one place of service to another
several times, you will need several sets of gloves.
You should wash your hands after removing each
set of gloves and before putting on a new set
when two services are being performed together
or apply antimicrobial gel cleanser between sets of
gloves during the same appointment.
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B. Dust Mask Use a high-quality, properly fitted dust mask

when transferring chemicals from one container
to another or when buffing or filing nails. It is
best to use a round dust mask with a metal
strip that you can adjust to fit the bridge of
your nose. Properly fitted dust masks rated
N-95 are highly effective and an excellent
choice for preventing inhalation overexposure
to dusts. Choose a mask designed specifically
for dusts, mists, or molds to ensure that it will
be effective in the salon setting. Paper dust
masks protect you from nail filing dust, but
not chemicals. Masks are not intended for
long-term use and should be replaced daily to
remain effective. You can wear an air-purifying
respirator to filter chemical vapors or use an
air-purifying ventilation system at your table.
Make sure you purchase a professional air
purifier designed for heavy-duty use, not one
designed primarily for residential use.
C. Abrasive Nail Files and Abrasive boards and buffers typically have one,
Buffers two, or three different grit surfaces, depending
on the type, use, and style.
• Single use They are single use.
• Exceptions Some abrasive boards and buffers can be
cleaned and disinfected. Here is a simple rule to
follow: If they are made of a paper product, they
cannot be cleaned or disinfected, so throw them
out after each use. Check with the manufacturer
to see if the abrasive of your choice can be
disinfected. All abrasives must be cleaned and
disinfected before reused on another client.
Note to educator: Let students know
whether your state allows the use of abrasive
boards that are considered disinfectable; some
states do not. Abrasives that cannot survive
the cleaning and disinfection process without
being damaged are considered disposable and
must be discarded after a single use.
• Grits Grits range from less than 100 to over 240 per
centimeter. A rule of thumb is the lower the
grit, the larger the abrasive particles on the file
and the more aggressive its action.
• Coarse-grit Files and buffers (100 or less grit) that quickly
abrasive reduce any surface and produce deeper and more
visible scratches than do those of a higher grit.
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• Medium-grit Files and buffers (150–180) that are used to

abrasives smooth and refine surfaces; used to shorten
and shape natural nails.
• Fine-grit abrasives Files and buffers that feature grits of 240 and
higher. They are designed for buffing, polishing,
and removing very fine scratches.
Prep or edge your abrasive files before using
them on a client to prevent cutting the client
with the sharp edges. You are responsible
for removing this damaging edge from every
new file. To prepare a file for use, rub another
(clean, unused) file across the edges to remove
the sharp edge; this is called “file prepping.”
Many nail technicians prepare all their new
files and then store them in a clean container.
If the edge is not removed on new files, clients
will be at risk for cuts. Check the corners of
buffers—they also need to be prepped.
D. Two-Way or Three- The buffer is shaped like a two-sided nail file,

long and narrow, with one or two additional
Way Buffer grit abrasives and a final shine surface.
• Proper use Begin with the lowest-grit abrasive surface in
the smoothing task, move to the larger grit,
and then finally on to the shining surface
(usually no grit). The result is a glossy shine
on the nails. This buffer is generally used on
natural nails and in the final steps of the two-
color application of acrylic nails, such as the
French manicure look, to produce beautiful,
smooth nails that will be worn with sheer or
clear polish only.
• Single use Most two- or three-way buffers are single
use only and must be thrown away after
each use. The salon or technician must find
an inexpensive source for purchasing them if
regulations in the state allow their use.
Caution Excessive pressure or buffing too long on the

nail plate with abrasives that are too low in
grit can generate excessive and painful heat
into the nail bed and can lead to onycholysis
and possible infection. If your client is feeling
heat or burning, lighten the pressure, lower the
speed of the buffing, and raise the buffer from
the surface between buff passes.
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E. Single-Use or Terry Towels are an example of materials that do

not require immersion disinfection if they are
Cloth Towels properly laundered.
• Cloth towels versus Cloth towels must be washed between clients.
paper towels Paper towels must be thrown away after use.
• Use Each client should use a fresh, clean terry
cloth towel or a new disposable paper towel
after washing their hands. The best terry cloth
towel for use in a personal service is white, as
it can be bleached during washing between
uses. Other clean towels are used to cover any
surfaces that cannot be disinfected during each
manicure, including the work area. If spills occur
on the table, use a terry cloth or disposable
towel to wipe them from the surface.
F. Gauze, Cotton Lint-free, plastic-backed fiber or cotton pads

are often used in the beauty industry to
Balls, Pledgets, or remove nail polish. Plastic backing protects nail
Plastic-Backed Pads professionals’ fingertips from overexposure to
drying solvents and other chemicals. Gauze
squares, cotton rounds, or cotton balls are
also popular for removing nail polish: They are
inexpensive and perfectly designed for this and
other application tasks.
• Gauze square/ Gauze squares (2” 3 2” or 4” 3 4”), also
pledgets called pledgets, have many uses in manicure
services, from product removal to application.
Store these materials in a manner to prevent
dust and debris from contaminating them.
G. Plastic, Wooden, or Use a single-use plastic or wooden spatula

or multiuse metal spatula when removing
Metal Spatulas products from their respective containers to
prevent contamination of the products and
the spread of disease. If a plastic or metal
spatula comes into contact with your or the
client’s skin, it must be properly cleaned and
disinfected before being used again or disposed
of and replaced with a new disposable spatula.
Dispose of a wooden spatula when it comes
into contact with your or the client’s skin. Never
use the same spatula to remove unlike products
from different containers, as the chemistry of
the products may not be the same.
ACTIVITY: Set Up Your Table Complete Lesson Activity #4.

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CHECK IN 9. Define PPE according to the Occupational

Safety and Health Act (OSHA).
10. Name two types of personal protective
equipment (PPE).
11. What is the one exception to the rule
when using disposable application
brushes?
VI. Explain the uses of You need to know how to properly use Ch 6 Read: Explain the Uses of
professional products, what ingredients they Professional Nail Products
PROFESSIONAL NAIL contain, and what they do during and after Ch 6 Do: Nail Product Multiple
use. You must also know how to properly Choice
PRODUCTS Ch 6 Do: At-Home
store products and remove them from their
containers in a sanitary manner. Maintenance Essay
Slides 43–55
State Regulatory ALERT! Reusing implements without properly

cleaning and disinfecting them is against the
regulations in every state. This inappropriate
and illegal use of implements puts clients at
risk of the transfer of infection.
A. Soap Soap is used to clean the nail technician’s and

the client’s hands before a service. It acts as
an infection-control tool during this pre-service
hand-washing procedure by mechanically
removing microbes and debris. Soap is known
to remove over 90 percent of pathogenic
microbes from the hands (if they are washed
properly). Liquid soaps are recommended
because bar soap harbors bacteria and can
become a breeding ground for pathogenic
(disease-producing) bacteria.
Did You Know? The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) states
that it does not matter whether the soap/
cleanser used in a salon is antibacterial
or not; it will still remove microbes and
debris. Furthermore, repeated use of some
antibacterial soaps/cleansers can be drying
to the skin. However, many clients feel more
secure if they are using an antibacterial soap
at the wash station.
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B. Polish Remover Used to dissolve and remove nail polish.

Two types of polish removers are available:
acetone- and non-acetone-based products.
• Acetone A colorless, inflammable liquid; it is miscible
with water, alcohol, and ether and has a
sweetish odor or burning taste. It is used as a
solvent.
• Acetone-based Both acetone-based and non-acetone-based
removers may contain additional ingredients,
such as aloe, vitamin E, or oils to prevent
drying of the nail plate and surrounding skin.
• Non-acetone-based Acetone-based polish remover works more
quickly and is a better solvent than non-
acetone-based removers.
• Proper use Non-acetone removers will not dissolve
enhancement products as quickly as acetone,
so they are preferred when removing nail
polish from nail enhancements such as wraps.
Polish removers that are acetone and non-
acetone based can be used safely; however,
both can be drying to the cuticle and
surrounding skin. As with all products, read
and follow the manufacturer’s instructions
for use. When using polish remover, saturate
a cotton ball, gauze pad, or plastic-backed
cotton pad and hold the saturated cotton on
each nail while you silently count to 10. The
old polish will now come off easily from the
nail plate with a stroking motion that moves
toward the free edge. It may be necessary
to wrap cotton around the tip of a wooden
pusher and wet with polish remover to
clean polish away from the nail fold area.
• Proper disposal According to OSHA, you must follow
instructions for safely disposing of used
chemicals. Do not pour them down the sink
or toilet, throw them on the ground or down
outside drains, or pour them onto cotton balls.
Used liquid acetone must be saved in a fire
department-approved metal container and
disposed of as hazardous waste.
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Did You Know? Many experienced nail technicians prefer

using pure acetone to remove polish for three
reasons: 1) They feel the added ingredients
in polish removers slow the removal process;
2) they believe the added ingredients
unnecessarily increase the cost of the product;
and 3) they can remove product quickly.
C. Nail Creams, Lotions, These products are designed to soften dry

skin around the nail plate and to increase
and Oils the flexibility of natural nails. They are
especially effective on nails that appear to
be brittle or dry and are the number one nail
product that should be sold to manicure and
pedicure clients.
• Nail creams Are barrier products: They contain ingredients

designed to seal the surface of the skin around
the nails and hold in the subdermal moisture
in the skin.
• Nail oils Are designed to be absorbed into the nail plate
to increase flexibility and into the surrounding
skin to soften and moisturize.
Typically, oils and lotions can penetrate the
nail plate or skin and will have longer-lasting
effects than creams.
D. Cuticle Removers Designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue

on the nail plate so that the tissue can be
more easily and thoroughly removed from the
nail plate. Should not contact the living skin of
the eponychium. Typically, these products have
a high pH and are irritating to the skin.
Contain 2 to 5 percent sodium or potassium
hydroxide plus glycerin or other moisturizing
ingredients to counteract their skin-drying
effects. They must be used in strict accordance
with the manufacturer’s directions, and
live skin contact must be avoided where
possible to counter the effects of the
alkaline ingredients. Excessive exposure
of the eponychium will cause live skin and
eponychium dryness, as well as hangnails.
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E. Colored Polish, Colored coatings applied to the natural nail

plate are variously known as polish, enamel,
Enamel, Lacquer, or lacquer, or varnish. All of these terms are actually
Varnish marketing terms used to describe the same
types of products containing similar ingredients.
• Polish Polish is a generic term describing any type
of solvent-based colored film applied to the
nail plate.
• Application Every polish contains acrylic, despite the claims
of all-natural polish. Without acrylic, polish would
not harden. The chemicals that some people
claim to be toxic have long been removed from
the formulations of all major polish companies.
Polish is usually applied in two coats over a
base coat and followed by a topcoat.
Did You Know? Never shake your polish bottles. Shaking

your polish traps air inside the bottle, which
produces air bubbles that can cause the
polish application to look rough and have
an irregular appearance. Instead, gently roll
the polish bottles upside down between your
palms to thoroughly mix. If you must shake
your polish, do so gently and then open it to
allow some of the air to escape. Make sure
you close the bottle and then wait at least 30
minutes before applying.
F. Gel Polish A form of nail color that does not dry due to
exposure to the air, but cures when placed
under a UV or LED lamp. It addresses the
constant smudging that clients experience
after a service has recently been performed.
Developed specifically for natural nails, it is now
also used on enhancements (after adjustments
to application methods were made).
1. Hybrid gels Gel polishes that have the durability and gloss
of gels but can be removed like polishes with
polish remover—although it takes longer. The
application is basically the same as traditional
polishes, although there are nuances that
should be learned through education by the
manufacturer of the gel. Gels require a light-cured
base coat and topcoat that are optimally from the
manufacturer who designed the gel polish.
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G. Base Coat Creates a colorless layer on the natural nail

and nail enhancement that promotes the
adhesion of polish. Reduces the potential for
polish to develop a yellowish staining or other
discoloration on the natural nail plate. Use on
nail enhancements under colored polish to
prevent surface staining. Base coats contain
solvents designed to evaporate. Usually contain a
form of adhesive that aids in retaining the polish
for a longer time. After evaporation (drying), a
sticky, adhesion-promoting film is left behind on
the surface of the nail plate to increase adhesion
of the colored coating. Light-cured gel polishes
require a light-cured base coat.
H. Nail Hardener Used to improve the surface hardness or

durability of weak or thin nail plates. Some can
prevent splitting or peeling of the nail plate.
Apply according to the manufacturer’s directions.
• Protein hardener A combination of clear polish and protein,
such as collagen. This provides a clear, hard
coating on the surface of the nail but does not
change or affect the natural nail plate itself.
Protein (collagen) has very large molecules
that cannot be absorbed into the nail plate.
• Other hardeners Other nail hardeners contain reinforcing fibers,
such as nylon, that also cannot be absorbed
into the nail plate. These products can be used
on any natural nail.
• Ingredients Hardeners contain methylene glycol, an
ingredient that creates bridges or cross-links
between the keratin strands that make up the
natural nail, making the plate stiffer and more
resistant to bending and breaking. Methylene
glycol is also not irritating to the skin.
• Product use Hardeners are useful for thin and weak nail
plates but should never be applied to nails
that are already very hard, rigid, and/or brittle.
They should be used as instructed by the
manufacturer until the client’s nails reach the
desired goal and should then be discontinued
until the product is needed again. Clients are
generally instructed to apply the product daily
over nail polish as a topcoat or under nail polish
as a base coat when the polish is removed and
reapplied. Clients must be instructed to follow
the manufacturer’s instructions.
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• Dimethyl urea Hardeners use dimethyl urea (DMU) to also

hardeners add cross-links to the natural nail plate.
DMU does not cause adverse skin reactions.
This hardener does not work as quickly as
one that contains methylene glycol, but
will not over-harden nails, as the latter can
with overuse.
I. Topcoat Applied over colored polish to prevent

chipping and to add a shine or a matte finish
to the nail. Topcoats contain ingredients that
create hard, shiny, or matte films after the
solvent has evaporated.
1. Fast-dry topcoat Use a higher levels of solvent, which

evaporates quickly. Solvent is the key
ingredient in determining how quickly the
polish dries as well as the thickness of the
product. Fast-dry topcoats are also available in
shiny and matte finishes.
J. Nail Polish Dryer Designed to hasten the drying of nail

polishes. Applied with a dropper or brush
Products or sprayed onto the surface of the polish.
Promote rapid drying by pulling solvents from
the nail polish, causing the colored film to
form more quickly.
K. Hand Creams and Designed to be barriers on the skin to help

it retain its natural moisture or contain
Lotions penetrating ingredients to soften the skin or
repair damage. Help make the skin on the
hands less prone to becoming dry or cracked.
Lotion is more penetrating than creams and
may treat lower levels of the epidermis. Mitts
or paraffin dips can be used over a lotion to
enhance penetration of the ingredients into
the skin.
Caution All base coats, topcoats, nail polishes, and

hardeners are highly flammable.
L. Nail Conditioners Contain ingredients to reduce brittleness of

the nail. Apply as directed by the manufacturer.
Especially useful when applied at night, before
bedtime. Include oils, lotions, or creams.
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M. Sunscreens Contain ingredients that protect the skin from

damage by the ultraviolet rays (UVA and UVB)
of the sun. Overexposure to the sun is a major
cause of aging and skin cancer. Encourage
clients to purchase and use broad-spectrum
sunscreens (protect against both UVA and
UVB) on all their exposed skin.
ACTIVITY: What Type of Nail Complete Lesson Activity #5.

Tool Am I?
CHECK IN 12. Why are liquid soaps recommended over

bar soaps?
13. How should you properly dispose of used
acetone?
14. What is the main difference between gel
polishes and hybrid gels?
15. Why is sunscreen important in manicuring
services?
VII. Demonstrate The The basic manicure is the foundation of all nail Ch 6 Read: Demonstrate the
technology services. Basic Manicure Technique
Basic Manicure Ch 6 Do: Pre-Service Procedure
Fill in the Blank
technique Ch 6 Do: Post-Service
Procedure Fill in the Blank
Slides 56–63
• Manicure A cosmetic treatment of the hands involving

cutting, shaping, and often polishing the nails;
removal of the cuticles; and softening of the skin.
A basic manicure should take 30 to 45 minutes.
Caution During a manicure, always file the nails before

they are soaked, as water will absorb into the
nail plate and make it softer and more easily
damaged during filing.
Here’s A Tip If the nails are long and need to be shortened

more than the usual amount of filing, they
can be cut with nail clippers (or nail nippers if
they are extremely long). Clip or nip from the
sides in small bits toward the center of the
nails to prevent stress to the sides and possible
splitting. This clipping will save time during the
filing process. File the free edge after using the
nail clipper to perfect the shaping.
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A. Three-Part Procedure If you break your nail care procedures down

into three parts, it will be easier to keep track
of what you are doing, remain organized, and
give consistent service.
1. Pre-Service Procedure The pre-service procedure is an organized,

step-by-step plan for cleaning and disinfecting
your tools, implements, and materials; setting
up the basic manicuring table; and meeting,
greeting, and escorting your client to your
service area.
2. Service Procedure The service procedure is an organized, step-by-

step plan for accomplishing the actual service
the client has requested, such as a manicure, a
pedicure, or nail tips.
3. Post-Service Procedure The post-service procedure is an organized,

step-by-step plan for caring for your client
after the procedure has been completed. It
outlines how to help your client through the
scheduling and payment processes of the salon
and provides information on how to prepare
for the next client.
B. Hand Washing To prevent the spread of communicable

disease, it is imperative to wash your hands
before and after each client. Always have
clients wash their hands before they sit down
at your cleaned and disinfected manicure table.
Your regular clients should be so well trained
in the practice of hand washing before any
procedure that they go directly to the washing
station before coming to your nail table.
PERFORM Procedure 5–1: Proper Refer to Procedure 5–1 in Milady Standard

Hand Washing in Milady Standard Foundations.
Foundations.
1. Hand sanitizer Appropriate for use only when water is not

available for hand washing. These products
cannot and do not replace proper hand
washing. Proper hand washing is a vital part
of the service and it cannot be skipped or
ignored. Resort to using a hand sanitizer only
when it’s absolutely necessary!
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C. The Manicure The consultation is an opportunity to get

to know the client and understand their
Consultation expectations or needs. Do not rush through the
consultation—it is a vital part of the service.
• Client consultation New clients should already have filled out the
form information on the consultation form in the
waiting area.
Note to educator: Refer to and review
Figure 6–22: Client Consultation Form.
Also take time to review your school’s client
consultation form.
• The nail consultation Use this information to perform the client

consultation.
1. Look over the forms closely for important
responses from the client and then record
your observations after the service.
2. Check the client’s nails and skin to make
sure that they are healthy and that the ser-
vice you are providing is appropriate.
3. Discuss the service.
4. Discuss the preferred shape, color, and
length of nails.
5. You must be careful not to diagnose a dis-
ease or disorder in any way.
6. Record all information on the client ser-
vice form. If there are no health issues
observed, continue with the service.
• Considerations Keep the following considerations in mind:

• Shape of the hands
• Length of fingers
• Shape of the eponychium area
• Hobbies
• Recreational activities
• Type of work
Note to educator: For a more detailed

review on the client consultation, refer to
Milady Standard Foundations, Chapter 3,
Communicating for Success.
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ACTIVITY: Client Consultation Complete Lesson Activity #6.
D. Basic Nail Shapes Always discuss the final shape that your clients
want for their nails during the consultation.
• Five basic nail shapes Do your best to please your client.
oo Square Completely straight across the free edge, with
no rounding at the outside edges.
oo Squoval or soft Has a square free edge that is rounded off at
square the corner edges. If a nail in this shape extends
only slightly past the fingertip, it will be sturdy
because there is no square edge to break
off. Any pressure on the tip will be reflected
directly back to the nail plate, its strongest
area.
oo Round Should be slightly tapered and usually extends
just a bit past the fingertip.
oo Oval A conservative shape thought to be more
attractive on most hands. It is similar to a
squoval nail, with corners that are even more
rounded.
oo Pointed or stiletto Is tapered and longer than usual to emphasize
and enhance the slender appearance of the
hand. Know, however, that this nail shape
may be weaker, may break more easily, and is
more difficult to maintain than other shapes.
Rarely are natural nails successful with this nail
shape, so they are usually enhancements.
ACTIVITY: Practice Nail Complete Lesson Activity #7.

Shapes
CHECK IN 16. Why is a consultation necessary each time

a client has a service in the salon?
17. Why is hand washing so important to per-
form before and after each client?
18. Why is it important to know and under-
stand the steps in a basic manicure?
ACTIVITY: Perform the Complete Lesson Activity #8.

Three-Part Procedure
86584_ch06_ptg01_196-252.indd 225 15/05/20 3:57 PM

PERFORM Procedure 6–1: Refer to Procedure 6–1. Refer to Procedures folder:

Pre-Service Procedure.
Ch 6 Read: Procedure 6–1:
Pre-Service Procedure
Ch 6 Watch: Pre-Service
Procedure
Ch 6 Do: Download Rubrics
PERFORM Procedure 6–3: Refer to Procedure 6–3. Rubrics appear at the Refer to Procedures folder:
Performing a Basic Manicure. end of this lesson plan for rating and grading
student performance. Ch 6 Read: Procedure 6–3:
Performing a Basic
Manicure
Ch 6 Watch: Manicuring

Post-Service Procedure.
Post-Service Procedure
Ch 6 Watch: Post-Service
XIII. OUTLINE THE STEPS IN Polishing is a very important part of client Ch 6 Read: Outline the Steps
satisfaction and of the overall success of in the Application of Nail
THE APPLICATION OF the service. It may determine whether a Polish
first-time client returns. It is the last step in Ch 6 Do: Polish Application Fill
NAIL POLISH in the Blank
a manicure and a constant visual reminder
of your work for your clients between visits.
Slides 64–69 When your clients look at their perfectly
polished nails, they will admire your work
and likely return.
A. Choose a Nail Color If a client asks for your help when they
are choosing a polish color, suggest a
shade that complements their skin tone.
Place the client’s hand on a white towel
under your true-color light and then hold
the potential polish colors over the skin
on the top of the hand. It is best to allow
clients to make the choice to ensure their
satisfaction. Always have a wide variety of
nail polish colors available, including the
appropriate colors for the French manicure
polish technique.
86584_ch06_ptg01_196-252.indd 226 15/05/20 3:57 PM

B. The Polish Application

• Four coats First, base coat, followed by two coats of
polish color; finish with one application of
topcoat to give a protective seal.
• Application technique Are the same for all polishes, base coats, and
topcoats. Professional nail technicians practice
the three-stroke method. Apply one light stroke
of polish down the middle and one on each
side of the nail. This allows full polish coverage
over the entire nail plate.
• Multiple layers Applying multiple layers of product improves
the longevity and durability of the polish. By
building layer upon layer, you will improve its
adhesion and staying power. Apply thin, even
coats for maximum smoothness and minimum
drying time. Nails should look smooth, evenly
polished, and shiny.
Did You Know? When applying an iridescent or frosted polish,

you must make sure the strokes are light and
parallel to the sidewalls of the nail to avoid
shadow lines in the polish.
Here’s A Tip: Polish Do not apply polish closely to the eponychium.

Natural oils from your skin can cause the
Application polish to lift within a few days after the
application if the polish is against the skin.
ACTIVITY: The Perfect Polish Complete Lesson Activity #9.
ACTIVITY: Polish Cleanup Complete Lesson Activity #10.

Polishing the Nails.
Polishing the Nails
Ch 6 Watch: Polishing the Nails
CHECK IN 19. Why is the polish application important?

20. How many coats of polish should be
applied to the nails, and what are the
coats called?
21. Why should you use a topcoat?
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IX. DESCRIBE HOW TO A men’s manicure is performed using the same Ch 6 Read: Describe How
procedures as described in the basic manicure. to Approach a Man’s
APPROACH A MEn’s Depending on your client’s preference, you Manicure Service
may omit the colored polish and/or buff the Ch 6 Do: Men’s Manicure True
Manicure Service or False
nails with a high-shine buffer. Most men tend
to go longer between services and will need a
Slides 70–73 little more work on their nails and skin.
A. Men’s Nail Shapes Men usually prefer their nails shorter than
women do. Round nails, which are closest
to their natural appearance, are the most
common choice for male clients. Speak with
your client to see what his preferences are.
B. Men’s Massage Always check with your client on the pressure

and firmness of the massage. Remember that
you are not licensed to perform a deep, sports-
like massage.
C. Men’s Color Selection Some men prefer buffed nails or a clear

coating. Other men will prefer polish and
enhancements. Always be sure to discuss
preferences during the client consultation.
Always ask if he would like to make a future
appointment and suggest a pedicure with the
manicure.
Did You Know? Most times—unless the hands are in really

poor shape—you can offer men a longer
massage if they opt out of the polish service.
CHECK IN 22. What is the most popular nail shape for

men, and why?
23. What is the alternative to polishing a
man’s nails with clear polish?
X. DEMONSTRATE the Ch 6 Read: Demonstrate the

Massage Techniques for
Massage Techniques the Nail Professional
Ch 6 Do: General Movements
for the nail Matching
professional
Slides 74–78
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• Massage The manipulation of the soft tissues of the body.

It promotes circulation of the blood and lymph,
relaxes the muscles, and offers relief from pain.
Most clients look forward to the massage. The
massage manipulations should be executed
with rhythmic, long, and smooth movements;
the technician should always have one hand on
the client’s arm or hand during the movements
and the transitions between them.
• Optional or included Hand and arm massages may be optional during
in the service a basic manicure and in the shorter express or
demonstration manicures. Some massage should
be included in the service because the relaxation
effect may be what brings the client back for a
more upscale manicure.
Here’s A Tip Before performing a hand and arm massage

routine, make sure that you are sitting in
a comfortable position and not stretching
or leaning forward toward your customer.
Your posture should be correct and relaxed
and your feet parallel and flat on the floor.
Sitting or working in an uncomfortable or
strained position can cause back, neck, and
shoulder injuries.
CAUTION In a few states, a nail technology license does not

permit you to perform a hand or foot massage.
Note to educator: Review with students what
and when massage is allowed in your state.
A. Pre-Massage Before a hand and/or arm massage, consult

the client’s consultation or intake form.
Considerations Acknowledge and discuss any medical
conditions that your client has listed that
may be contraindicated for a massage. If your
client has not discussed massage with their
physician, encourage them to do so.
• Clients with high Ask clients who have high blood pressure
blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, or circulatory conditions
if their physician has okayed a hand and/or
arm massage without concern. Hand and/or
arm massage is contraindicated for clients with
severe, uncontrolled hypertension.
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• Clients with arthritis Avoid performing vigorous or strong massage

techniques on clients who have arthritis.
Do not talk to your client during the massage
except to ask once whether your touch should
be more or less firm. Talking interrupts the
relaxation therapy of the massage.
When making decisions about whether to perform
a massage on a person who has a medical
condition, be conservative. When in doubt, don’t
include massage as part of your service.
B. General Movements Massage is a series of movements performed

on the human body that, in combination,
for Massage produce relaxation or treatment.
The following massage movements are usually
combined to complete a massage:
• Effleurage A succession of strokes in which the hands
glide over an area of the body with varying
degrees of pressure or contact.
• Pétrissage Also known as kneading, lifting, squeezing,
and pressing the tissue.
• Tapotement A rapid tapping or striking motion of the
hands against the skin.
• Vibration A continuous trembling or shaking movement
applied by the hand without leaving contact
with the skin.
• Friction Incorporates various strokes that manipulate or
press one layer of tissue over another. The hands
are placed around the arm, with the fingers
pointing in opposite directions, and are then
gently twisted in opposite directions on the arm,
as one would wring out a washcloth. Perform
the movement up and down the forearm, sliding
to the new position three to five times.
• When to massage In the traditional manicure, the massage is
performed after the basic manicure procedures
and just before the polish application.
• After the massage After performing a massage, clean the nail plate
thoroughly so it is free from any residue such as
oil, cream, wax, or lotion. Use alcohol, acetone,
or nail polish remover; however, remember that
these products can have a drying effect on the
cuticles. Be sure to finish by applying cuticle oil
after the polish has dried or is cured.
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Here’s A Tip Firm, gentle, slow, and rhythmic movements in

a predictable routine are the key to a relaxing
massage. Moving quickly sends the message
to the client that you are hurrying to get the
massage over and do not care about providing
a good service.
Caution The pressure and manipulation of the tissues

and muscles vary with each type of movement.
Remember, the purpose of massage during
a manicure is to induce relaxation. For that
reason, effleurage is the movement that nail
professionals should perfect, vary, and expertly
use in services; the others should be used less
and with gentle care. Effleurage is relaxing
and calming and meets the overall purpose of
massage in manicures and pedicures.
PERFORM Procedure 6–5: Hand Refer to Procedure 6–5. Refer to Procedures folder:
and Arm Massage.
Hand and Arm Massage
Ch 6 Watch: Hand and Arm
Massage
ACTIVITY: Demonstrate the Complete Lesson Activity #11.

Massage
CHECK IN 24. What is massage?

25. Before performing a hand or arm massage
on a client what should you do?
26. Which massage movement should you
perfect, as it is the most relaxing to the
client in a hand and arm massage?
XI. COMPARE THE PROCESS Spa manicures include added specialty Ch 6 Read: Compare the
techniques and skin treatments and require Process of a Spa
OF A SPA MANICURE more advanced techniques than basic Manicure and a Basic
manicures. Most spa manicures include a Manicure
AND A BASIC MANICURE Ch 6 Do: Spa Manicure Essay
relaxing massage and contain some form of
exfoliation for polishing and smoothing the
Slides 79–84 skin as well as enhancing the penetration of
professional products. They are more lucrative
than a regular manicure, and an example of
how nail professionals must continue their
education if they wish to earn more as well as
make their clients happy.
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• Designed for Spa manicures designed for relaxation may

relaxation be called something like the “rose garden
manicure,” which incorporate the use of rose oils
in the products and rose petals for ambiance.
• Results-oriented spa Results-oriented spa manicures, sometimes
manicures called “treatment manicures,” may have
names that closely represent their purpose: The
“anti-aging manicure” may include the use
of an alpha hydroxy acid–based product for
exfoliation and skin rejuvenation.
• Chemical-free/all- Some clients may ask for products that are
natural products chemical-free, while others will insist on “all-
natural products.” The salon must be able
to provide products that will meet clients’
requirements and to describe the products and
their benefits.
• Additional techniques Additional techniques that may be incorporated
into a spa manicure include aromatic paraffin
treatments; hand mask; a warm stone massage;
and warm, moist towel applications. When
performing any advanced procedures that
include oils or cosmetics, always check with your
client regarding aroma preferences and allergies.
A. Theme Manicures Many salons and spas have developed services

based on themes. The entire service contains
products that support the chosen theme, from
lotions to oils to masks. Some salons even serve
refreshments during the service that supports
the theme. Examples might include a “hot
cocoa manicure and pedicure” for a holiday
or Valentine’s Day theme, or a “pumpkin spice
manicure and pedicure” in the fall.
B. The Waterless Waterless manicures omit soaking the nails

in water; some nail technicians use lotion and
Manicure heated mitts instead to soften the skin and
cuticles. Many clients prefer this manicure
and believe it is more relaxing and produces
better results than the traditional water
manicure. Many technicians prefer it because
it’s faster, more sanitary, and more convenient;
furthermore, it lasts longer because you are not
applying the polish to nails that have expanded
after having been saturated with water.
Waterless manicures also eliminate the need for
water in remote places when it is inconvenient
or unavailable—as in mobile spa situations.
All manicures (basic, spa, scrub, etc.) can be
performed using the dry manicure techniques.
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CHECK IN 27. What is the difference between a basic

manicure and a spa manicure?
28. Name four additional techniques that can
be incorporated into a spa manicure.
29. What manicures can be performed using
dry manicure techniques?
xii. IDENTIFY the benefits Ch 6 Read: Identify the Benefits

and Best Infection Control
and INFECTION CON- Practices for Paraffin Wax
Treatments
TROL practices of Ch 6 Do: Paraffin Wax True or
Paraffin Wax Treat- False
ments for clients
Slides 85–90
• Paraffin A petroleum by-product that has excellent

sealing properties (barrier qualities) to hold
moisture in the skin. Paraffin wax treatments
are designed to trap moisture in the skin while
the heat encourages skin pores to accept its
benefits. The heat from the warm paraffin
increases blood circulation to the skin. This is
considered a luxurious add-on service. Examine
the client’s intake form during the client
consultation to identify any contraindications.
A. Paraffin Application Read and follow all operating instructions

that come with your paraffin heating unit and
Cautions keep these cautions in mind. Avoid paraffin
treatments on clients who have impaired
circulation or skin irritations, such as cuts,
burns, rashes, warts, or eczema. Senior
citizens and chronically ill clients may be more
sensitive to heat because of medications
or thinning of the skin. Ask these clients to
bring a written physician’s permission prior to
treatment. Test for heat tolerance on all clients
the first time they have the service. Drop a
patch of wax about 1” (2.5 cm) in diameter on
the client’s skin to see if the temperatures can
be tolerated.
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B. Paraffin Application Because of infection control concerns, dipping

a client’s hands into the paraffin tub puts your
client in danger.
• Application methods
oo Plastic bag Put about a half cup of paraffin into a thin
application plastic bag. Insert the client’s hand into the
bag. Move the wax around the hand through
the bag, covering the surface.
oo Cheesecloth Cheesecloth or paper towels application.
or paper towel While wearing gloves, dip each paper towel
application or cheesecloth into the paraffin. Hold it by the
corners and then raise it up out of the paraffin
and let it drip. Do this three times. Now, press
each piece of cheesecloth or paper towel around
the hand. Next, cover the client’s hand with a
plastic cover or plastic wrap. Place the client’s
hand in a warm, moist towel or an electric heat
mitt. Do the same thing to the other hand.
oo Spray paraffin Spray paraffin. Paraffin is sprayed on the hands
with special equipment. The client’s hand is
placed in plastic mitts or plastic wrap and then
inserted into warm, moist towels or electric mitts.
oo One-time-use One-time-use gloves. Purchase one-time-use
gloves commercial gloves that have paraffin encased in
them inside and heat. Insert the client’s hands;
the paraffin then heats to become a paraffin
mitt. Follow the manufacturer’s directions.
oo Painted on Remove the wax to be used and place it in a
paraffin small glass bowl. Use a disposable brush to
apply the paraffin onto the hands. Cover the
client’s hands with a plastic cover or plastic
wrap. Place the client’s hand in a warm, moist
towel or an electric heat mitt. Do the same
thing to the other hand.
State Regulatory ALERT! Once paraffin wax is used on a client, it becomes

contaminated and must never be reused!
CAUTION When performing a paraffin treatment, only

use the equipment that is designed specifically
for a paraffin treatment. Never heat the wax
in anything other than the proper equipment.
This can be very dangerous and may result in
painful skin burns or a fire.
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C. Before a Manicure
• Advantages Performing a paraffin wax treatment before a
manicure has advantages. It allows the client
to have their nails polished immediately at
the end of the manicure service. It is a way to
soften rough or callused skin.
• Disadvantage The biggest disadvantage to performing a
paraffin treatment before a service is that it
cannot be used to hold moisture in the skin
through its application over lotions and masks
during the treatment section of the manicure.
D. During a Manicure Many salons and spas have developed

manicures that include specialized and
additional treatments, such as paraffin wax
over a mask or lotion, that are performed after
the massage and before polishing.
E. Stand-Alone Service Many clients enjoy a paraffin treatment: They

like the way it makes their skin feel. You can
include this service on the menu with its own
price. The benefits must be marketed for the
service: The heat provides pain relief for those
with arthritis. In addition, when the temperature
is cold outside, many clients remember the
warm feeling the paraffin provides.
ACTIVITY: Paraffin Wax Complete Lesson Activity #12.
Application
CHECK IN 30. List four alternatives to dipping when

applying paraffin wax.
31. Why is dipping the hands in the paraffin
wax not the best option?
32. Name those groups who are not good
candidates for paraffin wax treatments.
XIII. DESCRIBE APPROACHES When you encounter clients with special health Ch 6 Read: Describe
considerations, keep these points in mind: Approaches to Personal
TO PERSONAL MAN- Manicures that are
ICURES THAT ARE Sensitive to Clients
with Special Health
SENSITIVE TO CLIENTS Considerations
Ch 6 Do: All Clients Essay
WITH SPECIAL HEALTH
CONSIDERATIONS
Slides 91–93
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• During the During the consultation, ask your client if there

consultation are any health concerns you should know
about before performing a manicure. Assure
clients that information they share is kept
confidential and will be used to provide the
most effective service.
• Medical Many clients, regardless of age, have medical
considerations considerations. Listed below are some
examples of special considerations and how to
accommodate your client’s needs.
oo Limited mobility Make sure to move any obstructions or
clients tripping hazards, including clearing all rugs
and/or mats from the floors.
oo Clients who Some clients may experience tremors or
experience invol- involuntary movement. To help them remain
untary movement still, roll up a hand towel and support the entire
forearm from the elbow to the heel of palm.
oo Clients with Try to be clear and describe each color, giving

altered vision examples. It is better to approach helping them
choose a color by asking how they want to be
seen. Try asking, “Are you looking for a bright red
that stands out in a crowd, or a more subtle red
that won’t be immediately noticed?”
oo Clients with If a client comes in and mentions painful joints
painful joints during the client consultation, handle them
gently: Never apply pressure directly on the
joints. Do not manipulate the joints during
the massage portion of the service. Gently
smooth the lotion on the client’s skin, applying
gentle pressure. Always check with your client
throughout the service to make sure they are
not in any pain.
oo Clients with Always make room for the caregiver and

caregivers accept any assistance that they need to
provide.
oo Clients with As long as you follow strict infections control

lowered immunity practices, as described in Chapter 5 of Milady
Standard Foundations, a client with lowered
immunity should be safe in your establishment.
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A. Tools and Implements Do not use any sharp tool or implements.

Do not nip the cuticles. It is better to use a
curette to gently remove nonliving tissue from
the nail plate.
Be sure to use a fine-grit abrasive on the nails.
When clipping your client’s nails, use care.
Always look underneath the nails before
clipping, as there can be skin that is attached to
the center of the nail.
Simply cutting nails straight across can cut the
skin underneath.
B. Paraffin If performing paraffin services, keep in mind

that some clients may be more sensitive
to heat due to a loss of sensation in the
extremities. Let the wax cool longer before
applying it to the hands.
C. Massage Before beginning a massage on any client,

always ask permission and if there are any
concerns about receiving a massage. When
massaging clients with health considerations,
use a gentler pressure, as needed. The purpose
is not to move joints, muscles, or blood flow,
but to provide a soothing touch and rhythm.
Do not bend or flex hands, fingers, or wrists.
When applying lotion to your client’s hands
and arms at the end of a service, begin just
below the elbow and gently smooth the lotion
toward the hands. The lotion application on
the hands should be to moisturize the skin.
CHECK IN 33. Why should sharp tools be avoided
when working on clients with health
complications?
XIII. MANICURING MindTap Users: Refer to the Procedures folder. Refer to Procedures folder:
If students have not yet done so, they should
PROCEDURES view all of the videos and readings related to Ch 6 Do: Download Rubrics
manicuring procedures.
XIV. CHAPTER REVIEW Recap the highlights of the chapter using the Ch 6 Do: Word Review
notes in the Summary and Review section. Ch 6 Flashcards: Key Terms
Review
Slides 94–100
Ch 6 Discuss: Essential
Discoveries
Ch 6 Do: Prepare for Licensure
Ch 6 Study Notes
Ch 6 Do: Final Exam
86584_ch06_ptg01_196-252.indd 237 15/05/20 3:57 PM

Summary and Review

While students are in school, it is important that they learn the basic procedures of nail technology; which materials and
tools they will need; and the importance of proper cleaning, disinfection, and other skills necessary for ensuring client safety
and satisfaction during all nail procedures.
At the conclusion of this chapter, students should have a clear understanding of how to perform basic procedures; the tools,
implements, and materials they will need to perform such tasks; and how to organize and manage their practice.
After completing this chapter, students should know:
• How to define manicuring
• Where to find state regulations for nail professionals
• How to explain scope of practice (SOP) and the consequences of working outside SOP
• Types of tools used in nail services
• The difference between equipment, implements materials, and professional nail products
• How to set up a manicuring table properly
• The difference between single-use and multiuse implements
• How to prevent infection and disease in the salon
• How to properly clean and sanitize implements, tools, and work surfaces
• Types of materials used in nail services
• What constitutes personal protective equipment (PPE)
• What and how to use professional nail products
• The basic manicure technique
• Basic nail shapes for women and men
• The importance of hand washing
• Proper polish application
• How to perform all the hand and arm massage techniques used in nail services
• The difference between basic and spa manicures
• Proper sanitary procedures for paraffin wax treatments
CHECK IN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is your scope of practice (SOP)?
Answer: Your scope of practice is the list of services that you are legally allowed to perform within your specialty in your
state.
2. What are the consequences for you, as a nail technician, if you work outside your SOP?
Answer: If you perform services outside those allowed by regulations, you may lose your license and can be held fully
liable professionally and personally if damages occur.
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3. What equipment is needed to perform nail services?

Answer: The equipment needed to perform nail services includes all permanent tools that are not implements. This
includes a manicure table, an adjustable lamp, chairs, a finger bowl, a disinfection container, a client’s arm cushion, a ser-
vice cushion, a gauze and cotton wipe container, covered trash containers, a supply tray, an electric nail polish dryer, UV
or LED light units, an autoclave, electric hand/foot mitts, terry cloth mitts, paraffin treatment, and a ventilation system.
4. True or false: Autoclaves, fingerbowls, and disinfection containers are considered equipment.
Answer: True. Autoclaves, fingerbowls, and disinfection containers are pieces of equipment.
5. True or false: Cuticle nippers and metal pushers are considered equipment.
Answer: False. Cuticle nippers and metal pushers are implements; equipment consists of all permanent tools that are
not implements.
6. What are implements?
Answer: Implements are tools used to perform nail services.
7. What is the difference between multiuse and single-use implements?
Answer: Multiuse implements are generally stainless steel and must be properly cleaned and disinfected prior to use on
another client. Single-use implements cannot be reused and must be thrown away after a single use.
8. Is a wooden pusher a single-use or multiuse implement? Why?
Answer: A wooden pusher is a single-use implement and not intended for reuse or disinfection.
9. Define PPE according to the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA).
Answer: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) defines PPEs as “specialized clothing or equipment worn by an
employee for protection against a hazard.”
10. Name two types of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Answer: Gloves and a dust mask are two types of personal protective equipment (PPE).
11. What is the one exception to the rule when using disposable application brushes?
Answer: One exception to the rule is that you do not have to dispose of the application brush when you are using it
with products that are not capable of harboring or supporting the growth of pathogenic microbes, like alcohol, nail pol-
ish, monomers and polymers, UV gels, and nail primers.
12. Why are liquid soaps recommended over bar soaps?
Answer: Liquid soaps are recommended because bar soap harbors bacteria and can become a breeding ground for
pathogenic (disease-producing) bacteria.
13. How should you properly dispose of used acetone?
Answer: Used liquid acetone must be saved in a fire department–approved metal container and disposed of as hazard-
ous waste.
14. What is the main difference between gel polishes and hybrid gels?
Answer: Hybrid gels have the durability and gloss of gels but can be removed like polishes with polish remover. Gel
polishes must be soaked off.
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15. Why is sunscreen important in manicuring services?

Answer: Professional nail products with sunscreen contain ingredients that protect the skin from damage by the ultravi-
olet rays (UVA and UVB) of the sun.
16. Why is a consultation necessary each time a client has a service in the salon?
Answer: The consultation with the client before the manicure, or any other service, is an opportunity for the nail techni-
cian to get to know the clients and understand their expectations or needs.
17. Why is hand washing so important to perform before and after each client?
Answer: Hand washing is important to perform before and after each client to prevent the spread of communicable
disease.
18. Why is it important to know and understand the steps in a basic manicure?
Answer: The basic manicure is the foundation of all nail technology services, so it’s important to know and understand
the steps for making this service successful.
19. Why is the polish application important?
Answer: Polishing is a very important part of client satisfaction and in the overall success of the service.
20. How many coats of polish should be applied to the nails, and what are the coats called?
Answer: Four coats are applied to the nails: The base coat is followed by two coats of polish color and one application
of topcoat.
21. Why should you use a topcoat?
Answer: A topcoat gives the polish application a protective seal.
22. What is the most popular nail shape for men, and why?
Answer: The most popular nail shape for men is round because it is closest to the nail’s natural appearance.
23. What is the alternative to polishing a man’s nails with clear polish?
Answer: The alternative to polishing a man’s nails with clear polish is to buff the nails.
24. What is massage?
Answer: Massage is the manipulation of the soft tissues of the body.
25. Before performing a hand or arm massage on a client, what should you do?
Answer: Before you perform a hand or arm massage, consult the client’s consultation or intake form. During the con-
sultation, acknowledge and discuss any medical condition that your client has listed that may be contraindicated for a
massage.
26. Which massage movement should you perfect, as it is the most relaxing to the client for a hand and arm massage?
Answer: Effleurage is the movement that nail professionals should perfect, vary, and expertly use in services.
27. What is the difference between a basic manicure and a spa manicure?
Answer: A spa manicure is a step beyond a basic manicure, with added specialty techniques and skin treatments.
86584_ch06_ptg01_196-252.indd 240 15/05/20 3:57 PM

28. Name four additional techniques that can be incorporated into a spa manicure.
Answer: Additional techniques that may be incorporated into a spa manicure include aromatic paraffin treatments;
hand masks; a warm stone massage, and warm, moist towel applications.
29. What manicures can be performed using dry manicure techniques?
Answer: All manicures (basic, spa, scrub, etc.) can be performed using the dry manicure techniques.
30. List four alternatives to dipping when applying paraffin wax.
Answer: Alternatives to dipping when applying paraffin wax include plastic bag application, spray-on application, paper
towel or cheesecloth application, one-time use gloves, or painted on paraffin.
31. Why is dipping the hands in the paraffin wax not the best option?
Answer: Dipping a client’s hands into the wax bath is not the best option because it puts your client in danger of infec-
tion or burns.
32. Name those groups who are not good candidates for paraffin wax treatments.
Answer: People who are not good candidates for paraffin wax treatments include senior citizens; people with impaired
circulation or skin irritations like eczema, cuts, or wounds; the chronically ill; and those who are sensitive to heat.
33. Why should sharp tools be avoided when working on clients with health complications?
Answer: Your clients may have thinner skin, trouble clotting blood flow, or have a lowered immune system.
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Basic Manicure
Student Name: Date:
YES NO Criteria Instructor Comments

Preparation
1. Cleaned and disinfected manicure table.
2. Properly set up manicure table.
3. Greeted the client.
4. Escorted client to hand-washing area and asked client to wash hands.
5. Escorted client to manicure table and ensured client was seated
comfortably.
6. Performed client consultation.
7. Washed hands.
Procedure
8. Removed polish.
9. Inspected client’s nails.
10. Filed and shaped nails based on consultation.
11. Softened the eponychium and cuticle.
12. Cleaned nail surface.
13. Dried hands with towel.
14. Applied cuticle remover.
15. Gently pushed and lifted cuticle tissue with pusher.
16. Used nippers properly.
17. Cleaned under free edge.
18. Removed debris.
19. Bleached nails (if desired).
20. Smoothed nail surface with buffer.
21. Applied nail oil.
22. Removed rough spots on free edge.
23. Applied massage lotion/oil.
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24. Properly massaged hand and arm.

25. Removed all traces of lotion/oil from nail plate.
26. Applied base coat correctly.
27. Applied nail polish correctly.
28. Applied topcoat correctly.
Completion
29. Advised client on proper home care.

30. Thanked clients.
31. Scheduled next appointment.
32. Recorded service findings and recommendations on client’s chart.
33. Cleaned work area.
34. Followed all infection control and safety procedures.
TOTAL NUMBER OF YES’S AND NO’S
FINAL SCORE (Total yes’s divided by 34)
Instructor: Date:
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NAME: Date:
TEST—CHAPTER 6—Manicuring
Read each statement carefully. Circle the letter of the answer that correctly completes each of the following statements.
1. What is the purpose of massage for clients with health considerations?
a. to move joints
b. to provide a soothing touch and rhythm
c. to flex hands, fingers, and/or wrists
d. to increase blood flow
2. Which of the following protects skin from damage caused by ultraviolet rays?
a. nail conditioners
b. hand creams
c. hand lotions
d. sunscreens
3. Which of the following would you use to speed up dry time for a client’s polish?
a. UV lamp
b. LED lamp
c. electric nail polish dryer
d. all of the above
4. Jenna, who used to live and work in Pennsylvania, has moved to New York. What should she be mindful of when she
begins to perform nail services?
a. She may lose her license if she performs services in New York that are legal in New York but not in Pennsyl-
vania, where she received her license.
b. She may lose her license if she performs services in New York that are illegal in New York but not in Pennsyl-
vania, where she received her license.
c. If a client is harmed in New York, you will be liable professionally and personally, whereas you would not be
liable personally in Pennsylvania.
d. If a client is harmed in New York, you won’t be liable professionally and personally, whereas you would not
be liable professionally in Pennsylvania.
5. Which of the following reduces brittleness of the nail and are especially useful when applied before bedtime?
a. oils
b. creams
c. lotions
d. all of the above
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6. A male client comes in for a manicure. You ask him what shape nail he would like, and he’s unsure. What shape should
you suggest?
a. square
b. squoval
c. round
d. oval
7. Results-oriented spa manicures are also sometimes called:
a. basic manicures
b. treatment manicures
c. scrub manicures
d. massage manicures
8. How can you care for and beautify the hands and fingernails?
a. perform a massage
b. perform a manicure
c. perform a pedicure
d. apply a high-quality lotion, cream, or oil to the hands and nails
9. Which of the following can be reused, as long as it’s properly cleaned after use?
a. nail polish brushes
b. applicators
c. wooden pushers
d. all of the above
10. Which of the following takes roughly 30 to 45 minutes?
a. manicure consultation
b. pre-service procedure
c. basic manicure procedure
d. post-service procedure
11. A succession of strokes in massage, in which the hands glide over an area, is known as:
a. effleurage
b. pétrissage
c. tapotement
d. vibration
12. What is something to keep in mind when working with clients who have arthritis?
a. Make room for caregivers and accept any assistance they may offer.
b. Handle them gently and never apply pressure directly on the joints.
c. You may have to help them choose a polish color.
d. You may want to roll up a hand towel and support the entire forearm from the elbow to the palm.
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13. In massage, a rapid tapping or striking motion of the hands against the skin is called:
a. effleurage
b. pétrissage
c. tapotement
d. vibration
14. Which nail shape is considered to be conservative?
a. square
b. squoval
c. oval
d. pointed
15. A metal pusher is not:
a. used to push back the eponychium
b. also known as a cuticle pusher
c. stainless steel
d. designed to scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate
16. The regulations for performing nail services within your state help you map your:
a. scope of practice
b. capacity of service
c. extent of practice
d. bounds of business
17. Which of the following is correct?
a. the lower the grit, the larger the abrasive particles on the file and the more aggressive its action
b. the higher the grit, the larger the abrasive particles on the file and the more aggressive its action
c. the lower the grit, the smaller the abrasive particles on the file and the more aggressive its action
d. the higher the grit, the larger the abrasive particles on the file and the less aggressive its action
18. In order to provide a professional service, how many strokes should be applied to nails?
a. one stroke on one side, let dry, then a second coat on the other side
b. two: one evenly on both sides of the nail
c. three: one down the middle, and one on each side
d. four: one down the middle, one on each side, and then one more where any spots look too lightly coated
19. A pumpkin spice manicure is an example of a:
a. paraffin treatment
b. basic manicure
c. waterless manicure
d. theme manicure
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20. In what situation would you probably not need to move obstructions or tripping hazards for clients?
a. clients in wheelchairs
b. clients on crutches
c. clients with caregivers
d. clients with limited mobility
21. Gloves are PPE, which stands for which of the following?
a. personal property equipment
b. protective proprietary equipment
c. professional property equipment
d. personal protective equipment
22. How often should a manicure table be disinfected?
a. once a month
b. once a week
c. once a day
d. after every client
23. Which of the following is not usually stainless steel?
a. applicators
b. metal pusher
c. tweezers
d. nail clippers
24. Which of the following is considered a barrier product?
a. nail oils
b. nail creams
c. cuticle removers
d. polish remover
25. How can you maintain regular clientele?
a. Keep your clients happy with their perfectly applied polish.
b. Maintain regular communication with clients, especially if that client has not set up a maintenance
appointment.
c. Perform a manicure that looks very good, but is less than perfect so that clients need to come in often for
maintenance.
d. Send out weekly e-mails with specials.
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26. Which of the following is true about nail techs and massage?
a. In some states, it is not permitted for a nail tech to perform a massage.
b. In some states, it is a requirement for nail techs to include a massage in services.
c. Nail techs may not always perform massages, but it is especially nice to perform them on clients with high
blood pressure.
d. It is important for nail techs to make assumptions as to how firm of a massage to give, as clients don’t enjoy
talking during massage.
27. What caution should nail techs consider when performing paraffin applications?
a. Avoid paraffin treatments on clients with burns.
b. Senior citizens often enjoy high heat paraffin treatments because of circulation issues.
c. It is important to test the heat of the wax on yourself before performing a paraffin treatment
on a client.
d. Paraffin treatments are very helpful for clients who have eczema.
28. During which of the following would you set up your manicuring table?
a. manicure consultation
b. pre-service procedure
c. service procedure
d. post-service procedure
29. Which product would you pick up to prevent chipping and add a shine or matte finish to the nails?
a. topcoat
b. nail hardener
c. base coat
d. gel polish
30. Which of the following does not need to be cleaned after each client?
a. supply tray
b. trash containers
c. service cushion
d. client’s arm cushion
31. What is an important thing to keep in mind about a men’s manicure?
a. Some men prefer buffed nails, while others want polish and enhancements.
b. Men universally like buffed nails; some like clear coats, and never colored polish.
c. Men typically like their nails cut as short as possible.
d. Since men are typically rougher with their hands than women, use a polish specifically made for a men’s
manicure.
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32. Which of the following is true about paraffin wax application?

a. Cheesecloth or paper towels dipped into paraffin can be pressed around the hand and covered
with plastic wrap.
b. The most basic and effective application is to dip a client’s hands into the paraffin tub.
c. It is considered lazy to use one-time use gloves on a client.
d. Painted-on paraffin is an upgraded service because of the extra time it takes to do.
33. What kind of dust mask should be used?
a. one that is rounded, without a metal strip
b. one that is squared, without a metal strip
c. one that is rounded, with a metal strip
d. one that is squared, with a metal strip
34. What part of the manicure service do men enjoy best?
a. seeing the finished manicure at the end of the service
b. massage
c. nail cleaning
d. nail buffing
35. When might you use a nail brush during a service?
a. as part of the hand-washing procedure
b. to remove surface debris
c. to scrub the implements before disinfection
d. all of the above
36. Which nail shape is usually unsuccessful when completed on natural nails?
a. square
b. squoval
c. oval
d. pointed
37. Which type of manicure cannot be performed using the dry manicure techniques?
a. basic
b. spa
c. scrub
d. all manicures can be performed using the dry manicure techniques
38. Which of the following is the most appropriate chair for a client?
a. one that has hydraulics and low arms
b. one that is durable and has high arms
c. one that is comfortable with no wheels
d. one that is easy to clean and has wheels
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39. Which of the following is true about a paraffin wax treatment?

a. It can be offered as a stand-alone service.
b. If combined with a manicure, it should be done after the manicure.
c. It should always be done before a manicure, to soften rough skin.
d. It should be done during a manicure, otherwise the client cannot have their nails polished immediately.
40. Sandy, a nail tech, has applied a base coat, a polish color, and a topcoat to her client’s nails. What did Sandy do wrong?
a. She should apply a cuticle oil in between the base coat and the polish color.
b. She should apply two topcoats.
c. She should apply two polish color coats.
d. She could choose to do two polish color coats instead of a base coat.
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ANSWER KEY—CHAPTER 6—Manicuring
ANSWER LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER
1. b 6-13
2. d 6-6
3. c 6-3
4. b 6-2
5. d 6-6
6. c 6-9
7. b 6-11
8. b 6-1
9. b 6-4
10. c 6-7
11. a 6-10
12. b 6-13
13. c 6-10
14. c 6-7
15. b 6-4
16. a 6-2
17. a 6-5
18. c 6-8
19. d 6-11
20. c 6-13
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21. d 6-5
22. d 6-3
23. a 6-4
24. b 6-6
25. a 6-8
26. a 6-10
27. a 6-12
28. b 6-7
29. a 6-6
30. b 6-3
31. a 6-9
32. a 6-12
33. c 6-5
34. b 6-9
35. d 6-4
36. d 6-7
37. d 6-11
38. c 6-3
39. a 6-12
40. c 6-8
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Nail Tech8 Lesson Plan

Uploaded by

Nail Tech8 Lesson Plan

Uploaded by

MILADY STANDARD NAIL TECHNOLOGY

COURSE MANAGEMENT GUIDE

INSTRUCTOR NAME: DATE TAUGHT:

Part: Nail Services

IMPLEMENTS, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES

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FACILITY: Theory classroom

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SUBJECT OUTLINE class notes

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C. Abrasive Nail Files and Buffers class notes

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IX. DESCRIBE HOW TO APPROACH A class notes

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OUTLINE IN-DEPTH NOTES MINDTAP ACTIVITIES

II. LIST THE SERVICES Ch 6 Read: List the Services

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Note: If you are licensed in one state and move

ACTIVITY: State’s Scope of Complete Lesson Activity #1.

CHECK IN 1. What is your scope of practice (SOP)?

FOCUS ON: Tools As a professional nail technician, it is important

A. Manicure Table Manicuring table usually includes a drawer

• Implements Tools used to perform nail services that are

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B. Adjustable Lamp An adjustable lamp is attached to the table

Caution Do not touch or allow your client to get

D. Finger Bowl A finger bowl is used for soaking the client’s

E. Disinfection Container A disinfection container must be large enough

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• Service sets Sets of all the tools that will be used in a

F. Client’s Arm Cushion Consider using an 8” (20.3 cm) to 12” (30.5

G. Service Cushion A foam cushion that is higher in the middle

H. Gauze and Cotton This container holds cotton lint-free wipes or

I. Covered Trash A trash container with a self-closing lid should be

J. Supply Tray A supply tray holds such nail products as polishes,

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L. UV or LED Light Units Ultraviolet (UV) lamps and light-emitting

M. Autoclave An autoclave uses high-temperature steam and

1. Sterilizers (Say No Electric sterilizers, bead sterilizers, and baby

N. Electric Hand/Foot Heated mitts are designed to add special

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P. Paraffin Treatment A paraffin tub has an automatic thermostat

Q. Ventilation System Proper ventilation should be used in the salon

• Local source-capture These systems are designed to capture vapors

• Portable downdraft Portable downdraft vent machines use a

ACTIVITY: Cell Phone Complete Lesson Activity #2.

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CHECK IN 3. What equipment is needed to

• Multiuse Implements that are generally stainless

A. Types of Multiuse Multiuse implements are those that can be

1. Metal pusher Used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the

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Hold the metal pusher the way you hold

2. Nail nippers A stainless steel implement used to carefully

3. Tweezers Multitask implements that can be used for lifting

4. Nail clippers Used to shorten the free edge quickly and

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Did You Know? A nail technician needs at least three sets of

B. Single-Use All single-use implements are used once on

1. Brushes and applicators Any brush or applicator that cannot be

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• Proper use Apply nail products by completely wrapping

• Exception to rule There is one exception to this rule, and that

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ACTIVITY: Single Use or Complete Lesson Activity #3.

CHECK IN 6. What are implements?

V. DESCRIBE THE Ch 6 Read: Describe the

A. Gloves Gloves are personal protective equipment

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B. Dust Mask Use a high-quality, properly fitted dust mask

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• Medium-grit Files and buffers (150–180) that are used to

D. Two-Way or Three- The buffer is shaped like a two-sided nail file,

Caution Excessive pressure or buffing too long on the

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II. LIST THE SERVICES Ch 6 Read: List the Services

V. DESCRIBE THE Ch 6 Read: Describe the

CHECK IN 9. Define PPE according to the Occupational

3. Post-Service Procedure The post-service procedure is an organized,