JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BORAWAN

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PYTHON(CS-506)

LAB MANUAL

NAME: ANKIT VERMA

ENROLLMENT NO: 0805CS201016

COURSE: B.TECH(III YEAR-V SEM-2022)

Name:Ankit Verma Enrollment No: 0805CS201016

Ex.no.1
Introduction to Python Programming.
What is Python?
Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van
Rossum, and released in 1991.

It is used for:

 web development (server-side),

 software development,
 mathematics,
 system scripting.

What can Python do?

 Python can be used on a server to create web applications.

 Python can be used alongside software to create workflows.
 Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and
modify files.
 Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex
mathematics.
 Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready
software development.

Why Python?

 Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux,

Raspberry Pi, etc).
 Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.

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 Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with

fewer lines than some other programming languages.
 Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be
executed as soon as it is written. This means that prototyping can
be very quick.
 Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-orientated
way or a functional way.

Good to know

 The most recent major version of Python is Python 3, which we

shall be using in this tutorial. However, Python 2, although not
being updated with anything other than security updates, is still
quite popular.
 In this tutorial Python will be written in a text editor. It is possible
to write Python in an Integrated Development Environment, such
as Pycharm, Netbeans or Eclipse which are particularly useful
when managing larger collections of Python files.

Python Syntax compared to other programming languages

 Python was designed for readability, and has some

similarities to the English language with influence from
mathematics.
 Python uses new lines to complete a command, as opposed
to other programming languages which often use
semicolons or parentheses.
 Python relies on indentation, using whitespace, to define
scope; such as the scope of loops, functions and classes.
Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for
this purpose.

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Python Getting Started
Python Install
Many PCs and Macs will have python already installed.

To check if you have python installed on a Windows PC, search in the

start bar for Python or run the following on the Command Line
(cmd.exe):

C:\Users\Your Name>python --version

To check if you have python installed on a Linux or Mac, then on linux

open the command line or on Mac open the Terminal and type:

python --version

If you find that you do not have python installed on your computer,
then you can download it for free from the following
website: https://www.python.org/

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Python Quickstart
Python is an interpreted programming language, this means that as a
developer you write Python (.py) files in a text editor and then put those
files into the python interpreter to be executed.

The way to run a python file is like this on the command line:

C:\Users\Your Name>python helloworld.py

Where "helloworld.py" is the name of your python file.

Let's write our first Python file, called helloworld.py, which can be done
in any text editor.

helloworld.py
print("Hello, World!")

Simple as that. Save your file. Open your command line, navigate to the
directory where you saved your file, and run:

C:\Users\Your Name>python helloworld.py

The output should read:

Hello, World!

Congratulations, you have written and executed your first Python

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Ex.no.2

Python Syntax
As we learned in the previous page, Python syntax can be executed by
writing directly in the Command Line:

>>> print("Hello, World!")

Hello, World!

Or by creating a python file on the server, using the .py file extension,
and running it in the Command Line:

C:\Users\Your Name>python myfile.py

Python Indentation
Indentation refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code line.

Where in other programming languages the indentation in code is for

readability only, the indentation in Python is very important.

Python uses indentation to indicate a block of code.

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Example:
if 5 > 2:

print("Five is greater than two!")

output: Five is greater than two!

Five is greater than two!

Python will give you an error if you skip the indentation:

if 5 > 2:

print("Five is greater than two!")

output:
File "demo_indentation_test.py", line 2
    print("Five is greater than two!")
        ^
IndentationError: expected an indented block

The number of spaces is up to you as a programmer, but it has to be at least

one.

if 5 > 2:

print("Five is greater than two!")

if 5 > 2:

print("Five is greater than two!")

output:
Five is greater than two!
Five is greater than two!

FivFive is greater than two!

Five is greater than two!
e is greater than two! Five is greater than two!

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Ex.no.3

Python Comments
Comments can be used to explain Python code.

Comments can be used to make the code more readable.

Comments can be used to prevent execution when testing code.

Creating a Comment
Comments starts with a #, and Python will ignore them

#This is a comment.

print("Hello, World!") …

Comments does not have to be text to explain the code, it can also be used to
prevent Python from executing code:

#print("Hello, World!")

print("Cheers, Mate!")

Multi Line Comments

Python does not really have a syntax for multi line comments.

To add a multiline comment you could insert a # for each line:

#This is a comment

#written in

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#more than just one line

print("Hello, World!")

Ex.no.4

Python Variables
Creating Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.

Unlike other programming languages, Python has no command for declaring a

variable.

A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.

x=5

y = "John"

print(x)

print(y)

OUTPUT: 5,John

Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type and can even
change type after they have been set.

x=4

x = "Sally"

print(x)

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OUTPUT: Sally

String variables can be declared either by using single or double quotes:

x = "John"
print(x)
#double quotes are the same as single quotes:
x = 'John'
print(x)
OUTPUT: John John

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Ex.no.5

Python Data Types
Built-in Data Types
In programming, data type is an important concept.

Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different
things.

Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:

Text Type: str

Numeric Types: int, float, complex

Sequence Types: list, tuple, range

Mapping Type: dict

Set Types: set, frozenset

Boolean Type: bool

Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

Getting the Data Type

You can get the data type of any object by using the type() function:

Example
Print the data type of the variable x:

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x=5
print(type(x)), OUTPUT: <class 'int'>

Setting the Data Type

In Python, the data type is set when you assign a value to a variable:

Example Data Type

x = "Hello World" str

x = 20 int

x = 20.5 float

x = 1j complex

x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] list

x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry") tuple

x = range(6) range

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x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36} dict

x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"} set

x = frozenset({"apple", "banana", "cherry"}) frozenset

x = True bool

x = b"Hello" bytes

x = bytearray(5) bytearray

x = memoryview(bytes(5)) memoryview

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Ex.no.6

Python Numbers:
Python Numbers
There are three numeric types in Python:

 int
 float
 complex

Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them:

Example-
x = 1    # int
y = 2.8  # float
z = 1j   # complex

To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:

x = 1

y = 2.8

z = 1j

print(type(x))

print(type(y))

print(type(z))

OUTPUT:

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<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'

Ex.no.7

Python Casting:
Specify a Variable Type

There may be times when you want to specify a type on to a variable.

This can be done with casting. Python is an object-orientated language,
and as such it uses classes to define data types, including its primitive
types.

Casting in python is therefore done using constructor functions:

 int() - constructs an integer number from an integer literal, a float

literal (by rounding down to the previous whole number), or a
string literal (providing the string represents a whole number)
 float() - constructs a float number from an integer literal, a float
literal or a string literal (providing the string represents a float or
an integer)
 str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of data types,
including strings, integer literals and float literals

Example
Integers:

x = int(1)

y = int(2.8)

z = int("3")

print(x)

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print(y)

print(z)

OUTPUT- 1 2 3
Example
Floats:

x = float(1)
y = float(2.8)
z = float("3")
w = float("4.2")
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
print(w)

OUTPUT-
1.0
2.8
3.0
4.

Ex.no.8

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Python Strings:
String Literals
String literals in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or
double quotation marks.

'hello' is the same as "hello".

You can display a string literal with the print() function:

#You can use double or single quotes:

print("Hello")

print('Hello')

OUTPUT-
Hello
Hello

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