Java Questions with Answers

1. Why did you choose Java?

 Java is open source and easy to learn.

 Writing, Compiling and debugging is easy.
 We can reuse the code.

2. What is the use of Java?

3. Why Java is platform independent?

 Java compiler converts Source

code to Byte Code.

 We can run it in any platform

such as Windows, Mac, and
Linux etc.
 4. Data types and Its Default Value?
 Data type has two types namely,

Primitive: (Store directly)

 Predefined
 Can store only one value
 There are no additional methods

Non-primitive: (Store based on reference)

 Not-Predefined
 Can store more than one value
 It references a memory location which stores the Data. (Reference variables)

Default Values:

Memory Size
Data Type Default Value Wrapper Class
(Byte)
byte 1 0 Byte
Short 2 0 Short
int 4 0 Integer
long 8 0 Long
float 4 0.0f Float
double 8 0 Double
char 2 - Character
boolean 1 bit False Boolean
 5. Access modifiers?

Public:
 Global Level Access. (inside and outside the package)
 Example: public class student()

Private:
 Class Level Access. (Inside the class only)
 Example: private class student {}

Protected:
 Same like public but to be used with “Extends” keyword
 Example: protected class student {}

Default:
 Package Level Access. (only inside the package)

6. What is OOPS? And it’s Concepts?

Ans: It is the method of implementation in which our program is oriented in the form of,

Class:
- Combination of method & object
Method:
- Set of actions to be performed
Object:
- Instance of the class,
- It allocates memory
- Using object, we can call the method

Concepts:

 Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
 Abstraction

7. Encapsulation?

Ans: Binding code and data together as a single entity (Information).

 8. Inheritance? And it’s Types.

Ans: Accessing one class property into another class using “extends” keyword.

Types:

Single Inheritance
- Accessing one parent class property into one child class.
Multiple Inheritance
 It is impossible in Java
 It can be overcome by Interface
 More than two parent class properties accessed by one child class.
Multilevel Inheritance
- One class property is accessed by one child class which is being accessed by
another child class.
Hierarchical Inheritance

- One parent class property accessed by two (or) more child classes.

Hybrid
- Combination of single and multiple Inheritances.

9. Why Multiple Inheritance is very important?

 More than two parent class properties accessed by one child class.
 It is impossible in Java
 But it can be overcome by Interface

10. Polymorphism? Its types and various names.

Ans: One task can be completed in many ways

Types:

Method Overloading / Static Binding / Compile-time Polymorphism

Method Overriding / Dynamic Binding / Run-time Polymorphism
 Method Overloading
- In the same class method names will be same,
- Parameters will be different based on
 Data Type will differ
 Data count will differ
 Data order will differ

Method Overriding
-Class names are different,
-Method names and parameters will be same.

11. Constructor? And it’s Types.

 When we create an object, the default constructor will be executed automatically.

Types:

 Default/Non-parameterized
 Parameterized

12. Abstraction? And its types.

Ans: Hiding the implementation part.

Types:

Abstract class (or) Partial Abstraction

Interface (or) fully Abstraction.

13. Abstract class Vs. Interface?

Abstraction/Abstract Class Interface

Partial abstraction Fully abstraction

“Extends” keyword is used “Implements” keyword is used

It supports both abstract method &

It supports only abstract method
non abstract method
14. Variable and Its types.

 Variable is a piece of memory that can contain a data value.

 Variables has three types namely,

Local Variable

 The variable which is assigned a value inside the method.

 Local variable should be initialized by a value.
 It is value is only inside the method.

Class/Instance variable

 The variable which is assigned by a value outside the method, inside

the class.
 Class variable need not be initialized by a value, if not initialized the
default value “0” will be executed.
 It can be used anywhere inside the program.

Static variable

 We can call this static variable without using an object.

 It can be only given for the class variable.
 When a class variable is assigned as public static, the variable can be
used inside and outside the package. (class.objectvariable)

15. Static?

 Static is a keyword which can be used in class variable and method level, to call
directly without using an object.

 When a class variable is assigned as public static, the variable can be used inside
and outside the package. (class.objectvariable)
16. This vs. Super?

This:

It is current class reference.

Super:

It is parent class reference.

17. Final-Finally-Finalize?

Final Finally Finalized

It is a keyword It is a block It is method

It can be used in 3 levels,

- Final class can’t be inherited It will execute whether the This method is used
- Final method can’t be overridden exception occurs or not to clear the memory
- Final variable values can’t be
changed

18. Throw vs. Throws?

Throw Throws

Used inside the method Used in the method level,

It can handle only one Exception it can handle more than one Exception

It will throw Exception It will declare the exception

19. For loop? And Nested For loop?

For loop Nested For loop

A For loop is an iterative structure (or) block that repeatedly

A Nested for loop is a
executes a block of statements unless a specific condition is
for loop inside another for loop.
met or a break statement is encountered.
20. While vs. Do-while?

While Do-while

The while loop in java executes one or more The do-while loop, however, tests
statements after testing the loop continuation the loop continuation condition after the first
condition at the start of each iteration. iteration has completed.

21. Break vs. Continue?

Break Continue

It will terminate the loop itself It will skip the particular iteration

22. Array and Its Methods?

Ans: Storing multiple values in a single variable.

Declaration:

Int a [] = new int [5];

Int a [] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

Features:

 It supports only similar data types

 It is index based
 If the value is not assigned for the index the default value will be executed.

23. String and Its Methods?

Collections of character or word enclosed with double quotes.

String has many methods as follows,
 CharAt()  IsEmpty()  endswith()
 IndexOf()  Split()  substring()
 Equals()  equalsIgnorecase()  replace()
 Contains()  startswith()  toUpperCase()
24. String Buffer vs. String Builder?

String Buffer String Builder

Mutable Mutable

Synchronized Asynchronized

Thread safe It is not Thread safe

Slower than string buffer heap Faster than string buffer heap

25. Immutable vs. Mutable?

Immutable Mutable

If we add a duplicate value it will share the If we add the duplicate value it will create
memory. a new memory.

If we concatenate the values it will create If we append the values it will share the
new memory. memory.

26. Collection vs. Collections?

Collection Collections

It is an interface and it is a group of objects. Collections is a class

Types namely,
1.List
1. It will support dissimilar data types.
2.Set
2.It is dynamic memory allocation.
3. Queue
4.Map
27. List vs. Set vs. Map?

List Set Map

Key will not allow duplicates, it

It allows duplicates Doesn’t allow duplicates will overwrite the value.
But value will allow duplicates

It prints in Insertion order In random order Key + value = one entry

Index based Value based Key based

28. Array List vs. Linked List vs. Vector?

Array List Linked List Vector

Best: Searching and retrieving Best: Deletion and insertion -

Worst: Deletion and insertion Worst: Searching and retrieving -

Asynchronized Asynchronized Synchronized

29. HashSet vs. linkedHashSet vs. TreeSet?

Hash Set Linked Hash Set Tree set

Random order Insertion order Ascending order

Not allow duplicate Not allow duplicate Not allow duplicate

Allows single null value Allows single null value

Not allows even single null
(but not duplicate null) (but not duplicate null)
30. HashMap vs. HashTable?

Hash Map Hash Table

Non synchronized Synchronized

It is not-thread safe and can't be shared

between many threads without proper -
synchronization code

Hash map allows one null key

Hash table doesn’t allow any null key or value
and multiple null values

31. Array vs. ArrayList?

Array Array List

Storing multiple values in a single variable Group of Objects

Allows similar data type Allows dis-similar data types

Fixed memory Memory is not fixed

High Memory wastage No memory wastage

32. Iterator vs. List Iterator?

Iterator List Iterator

Can be used List, Set, Map Only in List

Iterator can traverse elements in a collection List Iterator can traverse in both
only in forward direction. forward and backward directions
33. Exception vs. Error?

Exception Error

Exceptions are the problems which can occur Errors mostly occur at runtime that's they
at runtime and compile time belong to an unchecked type

Two categories Ex: Network issue,

1. Checked exceptions, JVM Error,
2. Unchecked exceptions out of memory

34. Customized Exception or User Defined Exception?

 If you are creating your own Exception that is known as custom exception or user-
defined exception.
 Java custom exceptions are used to customize the exception according to user need.
 By the help of custom exception, you can have your own exception and message.

35. Parent of all the Classes and Interfaces?

 Parent of all the Classes is “Object”.

 Parent of all the Interfaces is “SearchContext”

36. Pre-increment vs. Post-increment?

Pre-Increment Post-Increment

++i i++

Before assigning the value to the variable, After assigning the value to the variable,
the value is incremented by one the value is incremented
37. Explain main method syntax? And, Can we change it?

Declaration: public static void main (String [] args)

public: It is an access specifier. We should use a public keyword before the main() method so
that JVM can identify the execution point of the program. If we use private, protected, and
default before the main() method, it will not be visible to JVM.

static: You can make a method static by using the keyword static. We should call the main()
method without creating an object. Static methods are the method which invokes without
creating the objects, so we do not need any object to call the main() method.

void: In Java, every method has the return type. Void keyword acknowledges the compiler that
main() method does not return any value.

main(): It is a default signature which is predefined in the JVM. It is called by JVM to execute a
program line by line and end the execution after completion of this method. We can also
overload the main() method.

String args[]: The main() method also accepts some data from the user. It accepts a group of
strings, which is called a string array. It is used to hold the command line arguments in the form
of string values.

38. Can static method be overridden?

Ans:

Static methods cannot be overridden because they are not dispatched on the object
instance at runtime. The compiler decides which method gets called.

Static methods can be overloaded (meaning that you can have the same method name for
several methods as long as they have different parameter types).
39. Enum or Enumerator?

Enum Enumerator

Enum is a data type Enumeration is legacy Iterator

Enumeration was the old way to iterate through a collection.

Enums are instance controlled
classes in java. It has two methods nextElement and hasMoreElements which
are more like next and hasNext methods of Iterator interface.

40. Features of Java 1.8?

******************************All the best*********************************