Suppose that at time to a certain mixture is represented by the density operator

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The states I4iloly vary in time according to

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and consequently the density operator becomes a function of time

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Equation motion for the unitary operation

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The differential form of density matrix equation is called the Liouville equation

it assumes the same form be auseof

as the equations motion for the phase space
probability distribution in the classical mechanics

Let us assume that we can write

HH HotVlt

Where Ho is assumed to be time independent and ult describes a time varying

external field which induces transitions between the eigenstates Mi of Ho
using these eigenstates as a basis
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since the time evolution of the eigenstates of Ito is given above where

Ei of Sto have been nubntituted for the corresponding Ei The time defendence

treated by the external force vet is entirely contained in the co efficient city

We will now derive an expression for the time evolution of the density matrix
elements in the 141 representation

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VIA I IVIle Uele de integral form

of VIA o then VIA 1

St Vit is sufficiently small yet will only differ slightly from 1 The operator Uele
can therefore be replaced by the identity operator in the integral which gives the

time evolution operator in first order petarbation theory

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The Liouville Equation in the interation picture

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for 1st order petarbation

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