BASICS OF COMPUTER NITIN WALTHARE

TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No. TOPIC Page Number

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER 2-4
2 OPERATING SYSTEM 5-8
3 MICROSOFT WORD 9-20
4 MICROSOFT EXCEL 21-26
5 MICROSOFT POWERPOINT 27-32
6 INTERNET AND EMAIL 33-34

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FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

What is computer?

A computer is an electronic device in which the user gives input to it, then the
computer process that input and gives the desired output.

The time taken by the computer to give output is microseconds. The result or
output given by the computer is 100 % correct. It is incorrect only when a given
input is wrong. A computer is an amazing machine.

Basically, there are two types of computers available in the market namely Analog
computers and Digital computers. Analog computers are those computers that give
its output with the help of indications.

For example, the speedometer in the vehicles, the voltage, and the current indicator
in the submersible pumps, etc... These types of computers are old now. Digital
computers are computers that give its output in the form of digits.

For example, the digital speedometer in the vehicles, Electric digital meters, etc...
The digital computers are further classified into a supercomputer, mainframe
computers, minicomputers, microcomputers. The computers we generally used in
the home come under microcomputers.

How a computer works?

The computer gives output within seconds but here the important question is how it
gives output in seconds. I will tell you here, actually, the user gives input to the
computer with the help of the input device.

The most commonly used input devices are mouse and keyboard. This given input
is stored in the memory of the computer, then this input sends to the central
processing unit where the computer processes the input and gives the required
output.

This output is sent to the memory again. The computer then displays this on the
output device. The overall process has happened in microseconds.

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What is Computer Memory?

Computer stores all its data in memory. Without memory, the computer not able to
start. Memory plays an important role in the computer.

What is RAM?

The long-form of RAM is Random Access Memory. RAM is also called as volatile
memory because information stored in RAM is available only when the power
supply is ON if there are power cuts occurs the all information stored in RAM is
deleted automatically.

RAM chips are placed on the motherboard itself, For example, you are typing a
letter in Microsoft word and suddenly power cuts occurs then if you are not saved
this document then all your document is deleted because letter you are typing is
temporarily stored in RAM.

What is ROM?

The long form of ROM is Read Only Memory. The name itself shows what type of
memory it is. The information stored in this type of memory is not deleted even
when a computer is turned off or power cuts occur suddenly. The files in the C
drive are stored in this type of memory.

What is Cache Memory?

Cache memory is a temporary memory and it is used when repeated actions occur.
For example, when we working on the computer, we navigate to the same files
repeatedly and for that computer process the same repeatedly.

So with the help of cache memory computer loads that files fastly as cache
memory creates temporary files.

Storage Devices:

Storage devices play an important role in the computer. The hard disk is a storage
device that is used when we want to store a large amount of data. The hard disk is
also called a magnetic disk.

The hard disk has different data storing capacity are available in the market such as
500 GB, 1 TB, and 2 TB. We can also store data in optical disk such as compact
disk and digital versatile disk. Now a day we use Pendrive/flash drive and memory
cards to store data.

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Pendrive is useful when we want to transfer data from one computer to another.
computer.

What is Input Devices?

The device which gives input to the computer is called as input devices. Keyboard,
Mouse, Scanner are generally used input devices.

What is Output Devices?

The device which gives output is called output devices. Monitor and printer are
generally used output devices.

What is Hardware?

Hardware is an visible part of the computer. We can touch these parts by our hands
and see these parts. The parts such as the keyboard, mouse, computer cabinet are
considered as hardware.

What is software?

The set of a program is called as software. The set of commands is called a

program. We cannot see or touch software. The software plays an important role in
the computer. The operating system itself is software. We cannot run the computer
without the operating systems.

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OPERATING SYSTEM

What is the Operating system?

An operating system is one of the software which is used to run the computer.
Without an operating system, we cannot use a computer. With the help of the
Operating system we able to understand the functions of a computer.

The computer understands only binary language. Operating system display all the
information on the computer in the human-readable form. There are two types of
Softwares namely system software and application software. The operating system
is coming under system software.

The applications such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, etc... are coming under
application software.

Functions of the Operating system?

All types of management work are done by the Operating system. The computer
has hardware, memory and lots of files. It is necessary to manage all the hardware,
memory and files.

This management is successfully done by the operating system. We can save the
file in Windows operating system by giving a specific name. Remember we cannot
save two files with the same name in the same location in the windows operating
system.

You can save the file with the same name only when both files have a different file
extension.

What is the file extension?

Basically when we save the file in the windows operating system, it saved with a
format such as [Link]. The last part after a full stop is called the File
Extension.

Filename and extension are separated by a full stop. Extensions are usually 3 to 4
characters long. We can understand type of file with the help of an extension. For
example, the extension for image file is .JPEG,.PNG, etc..., the extension for the
video file is .mp4, .vlc, etc..., the extension for a music file is .mp3 and so on.

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Lots of operating systems are available in the market. You can use any operating
system on your computer. Operating systems are updated by their manufacturers
with time. The most famous operating systems is Windows operating system and
Mac operating system.

Windows operating system is developed by Microsoft and Mac operating system is

developed by Apple. Mac operating system runs only on Apple computers. I this
article, I will give you complete information about windows 7 operating system.

First up all, I will give you the basic layout of windows 7 Operating system.

What is the taskbar?

At the bottom of windows 7, you will get task bar. At the left side, you will get
start button. The start button is most important button, here you will find all
installed programs in left side and shutdown/restart/switch user/log
off/Lock/Sleep/Hibernet button on right bottom side.

On the top right side, you will get computer, devices and printers and all related
options. On the right side of task bar, you will get date and time information,
network icon and shortcuts.

You can set date and time by direct clicking on date and time. The taskbar also
shows the recently opened applications. You can pin this application on the taskbar
if you use it regularly.

What is the Recycle bin?

The recycle bin is icon in windows 7 which temporary stores the deleted files.
When we delete the file directly from computer, it will automatically stored in
recycle bin folder.

In case you accidently delete the file then you can restore this file from recycle bin
folder. If you permanently delete the file from computer then it will not goes to
recycle bin folder. In that case you cannot able to restore deleted file.

What is wallpaper?

The image appears when we start the computer, that image is called the wallpaper.
Wallpaper is a simple image file. You can any image file as wallpaper.

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How to set Desktop Wallpaper

Setting wallpaper on windows 7 is very simple. You can follow following steps to
set wallpaper –

1. On the Desktop screen, click the right button of mouse. Short menu will appear,
after clicking right button, select the personalize option form that menu.
2. New window will open and at the left bottom side you will the desktop
wallpaper option.
3. Click on the desktop wallpaper option and new window will open. Here you find
the browse button.
4. Click on the browse button and select the Image file from the computer and
Select Ok. Your wallpaper is being set shortly.
5. You can also set desktop wallpaper by clicking on the image that you want to set
as wallpaper. After opening image, right click on that and here you find the
option set as wallpaper. After clicking on this option your wallpaper is being set.

What is a screensaver?

When your computer is inactive for some time, then some animated images appear,
that animated images are called screensaver.

How to set the screensaver

1. Right click on the desktop screen and click on the personalize button.
2. At the right bottom side, you will get a screen saver option. Click on the screen
saver.
3. A new popup window will open and here you select the animated image that you
want to set as screensaver and press Ok.
4. Screensaver is set within a seconds.

How to copy Files/Folders in Windows 7

1. First, select the file or folder you want to copy by a single click on this file.
2. Right click on the file or folder. A submenu will appear, select
the copy command from that and go to the location where you want to save the
file.
3. Right click on the location where you want to make a copy of this file or folder
and select the paste option.
4. Your file or folder will be copied to that location.

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How to Move File/Folders in Windows 7

1. First, select the file or folder you want to move by a single click on this file.
2. Right click on the file or folder. A submenu will appear, select the cut command
from that and go to the location where you want to move the file.
3. Right click on the location where you want to move the file or folder and select
the paste option.
4. Your file or folder will be moved to that location.

How to delete a file in windows 7

1. First, select the file or folder you want to delete by a single click on this file.
2. Right-click on the file or folder. A submenu will appear, select the delete.
3. A confirmation message will appear on the screen, here press ok.
4. Your file or folder will be deleted shortly.
5. If you delete it directly then this deleted file is stored in the recycle bin and if
you delete it permanently then it is not stored in the recycle bin.

How to delete file Permanently without sending to Recycle Bin

If you select a file or folder and press the shift+delete combination key from the
keyboard, then your file will delete permanently. This file is not moved to the
recycle bin.

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MICROSOFT WORD

Hello Friends, Microsoft office word is one of the most used software for creating
documents. Many times we need to create documents for different purposes, it may
be for resume, projects, etc...There are several questions are asked on Microsoft
Office Word in the GCC TBC exam.

In this article, I will tell you each and every feature of Microsoft office word.

There are a total of 8 Menus which are at the top left of the Microsoft word
including File Menu. The list of 8 Menus are as follows:

 File Menu
 Insert Menu
 Page Layout Menu
 References Menu
 Mailing Menu
 Review Menu
 View Menu
 Add-Ins Menu

First up all I will give you a basic overview of Microsoft Office Word. There is a
Title bar present at the top of the MS Word. A quick access toolbar is present at the
top left corner of the MS Word window.

There is Minimize, Maximize and close button at the right top corner of the MS
Word window. The status bar is present at the bottom of the MS Word window
above taskbar of the computer.

At the right and bottom sides, there is a vertical and horizontal scroll bar. There is
a Rural bar present at the top and left the side of MS Word window.

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Different bars in the Microsoft Office Word is are as follows:

Let's talk about Menus in Microsoft Office Word.

File Menu:

File Menu is one of the most important menu in Microsoft Office Word. The
commands available in the File menu are Save, Save as, Open, Close, Info, Recent,
New, Print, Save and send, Help, Options and Exit.

Let's talk about the Function of Each Option in Details.

The save option is used to save the document in a computer hard disk. The save
as function is used when we have to save the document with a different name.

The open option is used open already saved file in MS Word. The close Option is
used to close the document in MS Word.

If you want to know information about the document then the Info option is used.
In Recent Option, all recent files are shown.

If you want to create New file then New Option is used.

The print option is used for printing the document.

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The save and send option is used when you want to send the file via email or save
to the web, you can also save the file as PDF format using this option.

The Help option gives all the help related to MS Word.

Options commands give you all the advanced commands related to document.

The close option is used to close MS Word Application.

Home Tab:

Tabs are also called Menus. There are lots of submenus are present below Menus,
they are also called as groups.

There are 5 Submenus/Groups present in the Home Tab which are as follows:

 Clipboard Group
 Font Group
 Paragraph Group
 Styles Group
 Editing Group

Let's talk about Each group in the Home Tab.

Clipboard Group:

The options available in the clipboard group are cut, copy, paste and format
painter. By using the cut option, you can cut the text in the document. With the
help of a copy option, you can copy the text in the document. With the help
of Paste the copied/cut text in the document. If you want to apply the format of one
text to another text then you can use the Format Painter option.

Font Group:

The option available in Font Group are changing the font face, font size, Increase
the font size, decrease the font size, change case, clear formatting, Bold, Italic,

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Underline, Strikethrough, Subscript, Superscript, Text effect, Text Highlight Color,

and Font color.

By using font face option, you can apply different styles to the text. With the help
of the font size option, you increase or decrease the font size of text. Same thing
you can do with the increase and decrease font size option. With the help of
the change case option, you can apply different cases to the text. If you want to
clear formatting of text then you can use clear formatting command. With the help
of Bold, Italic, Underline, Strikethrough, Subscript and Superscript option you can
apply bold, italic, underline, strikethrough, subscript and superscript option to the
text. You can give different text effects, highlight color and Font with the help
of Text effect, Text highlight color and Font color Option.

Paragraph Group:

The Options available in the paragraph group are Bullets, Numbering, Multi-level
list, Decrease Indent, Increase Indent, Sort, Show/Hide Paragraph Marks, Left
Alignment, Center Alignment, Right Alignment, Justify Alignment, Line and
Paragraph Spacing, Shading and Bottom borders.

You can give bullets with the help of bullets option. You can give numbering with
the help of the numbering option. You can create a multi-level list with the help of
the multi-level list. You can increase or decrease indent of text with the help of
increase and decrease indent command. If you want to show or hide paragraph
marks then you can use show/hide paragraph marks command. You can apply
different alignment to the text with the help of alignment commands. You can
adjust the spacing of lines and paragraphs with the help of Line and Paragraph
spacing command. You can apply different shading to the text with the help of the
Shading command. You can apply different bottom borders with the help of
bottom border command.

Styles Group:

You can apply different styles to the text with the help of styles group.

Editing Group:

The options available in the Editing group are Find, Replace and Select. You can
find the text in the document with the help of Find command. You can replace any
text in the document with the help of Replace command. You can select any text in
the document with the help of Select command.

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Insert Tab:

There are 7 submenus/groups present in Insert Tab which are as follows:

 Pages
 Table
 Illustrations
 Links
 Header and Footer
 Text
 Symbols

Let's talk about each group in Insert Tab.

Pages Group:

The commands available in pages group are cover page, blank page, Page break. If
you want to create the document with the ready-made format, here you have to
type only heading and subheading and your document is ready, you have to
use cover page command. If you want to insert a blank page at cursor position
then blank page command is used. If you want to break page from a certain line
and start a document from the new page then Page break command is used.

Tables Group:

With the table command, you can draw or add the table in the document.

Illustrations Group:

The options available in the Illustrations group are picture, shapes, clip art, smart
art, chart and screenshot. The picture command is used to add pictures in the
document. The shapes command is used to insert different shapes in the document.
The clip art option is used to insert clip art in the document. The Smart art option is
used to insert smart arts in the document. Chart option is used to insert different
charts in the document. The screenshot option is used to capture a live screen in a
document.

Links Group:

The options available in the Links group are Hyperlink, Bookmark and Cross-
reference. The hyperlink option is used to create link of the web page or email or
any image in a document. The bookmark option is used to create bookmark in a
document. Cross-reference is used to give reference to heading or tables in the
document.

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Header and Footer Group:

The options available in the Header and Footer group are header, footer and page
number. You can edit the header of the document with the help of header option.
The content you write on header will displays on each page of the document.
Similarly, with the help of footer option, you can edit footer of the document.
Content on footer also displays on each page of document. Page Number option is
used to enter page numbers in the document.

Text Group:

The option available in the Text group are Text box, Quick parts, Wordarts, Drop
cap, Signature line, Date and Time and Object. You can add text boxes with the
help of the Text box option. With the help of a quick part option you can reuse
same lines in the document. With the help of the WordArt option, you can give
different decorations to the text. With the help of a Drop cap, you can create a
large capital letter at the starting of a paragraph like a newspaper. With the help of
the signature line option, you can insert the signature line in the document. With
the date and time option, you can add date and time in the document. With the help
of Object option, you can embed an image or different types of files in the
document.

Symbol Group:

The option available in the symbol group are equation and symbol. You can add
equation and symbol with the help of equation and symbol options respectively.

Page Layout Tab:

There are 5 submenus/groups present in Page Layout Tab which are as follows:

 Themes group
 Page setup group
 Page background group
 Paragraph group
 Arrange group

Let's talk about each group in detail.

Themes Group:

The commands available in the themes group are Themes, Colors, Fonts, Effects.
You can give different design with the help of a theme option. You can change the
color of applied themes with the help of color option. You can change the font of

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applied theme with the help of the Font option. You can apply different effects to
the applied theme with the help of the effects option.

Page Setup Group:

The commands available in the page setup group are margins, orientation, size,
columns, break, line numbers, Hyphenation. You can apply different margin sizes
with the help of margins option. You can change the portrait or landscape
orientation with the help of an orientation option. You can choose the different
paper sizes for the documents with the help of the size option. With the help of
the column option you can split the text into columns. You can add page, column
or section break with the help of break option. You can add line number in the
margin with the help of Line numbers option. You can give hyphenation with the
help of the hyphenation option.

Page Background Group:

The commands available in the page background group are Watermark, Page color
and Page borders.

You can give text behind the document with the help of the watermark option. You
can change the background color of page with the help of the Page
color option. You can apply different borders with the help of Page borders Option.

Paragraph Group:

The options available in paragraph groups are indent and spacing. You can adjust
the indent and spacing with the help of indent and spacing option respectively.

Arrange Group:

The options available in the arrange group are Position, Wrap text, Bring Forward,
Send Backward, Selection pane, Align, Group and Rotate. You can adjust the
position of the object with the help of the position option. If you want to place the
text around the object the wrap text option is used. If you add more than one object
in the document and you want that specific object moves forward then you can use
the Bring Forward option. Similarly, you can move back object with the help
of send backward option. To change the order of objects then the selection
pane option is used. You can align the edges of objects with the help of
the align option. You can group all the objects as the single object with the help
of group option. You can rotate the objects with the help of a rotate option.

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References Tab:

There are 6 submenus/groups present in References Tab which are as follows:

 Table of contents
 Footnotes
 Citations and Bibliography
 Captions
 Index
 Table of Authorities

Let's talk about each submenus or groups in detail.

Table of Contents:

The options available in this group are Table of contents, Add text and Update
table. You can add a table of content with the help of a table of content option. You
can add text in the table of content with the help of add text option. You can update
table of content with the help of update table option.

Footnotes:

The options available in the Footnotes group are Insert Footnotes, Insert Endnotes,
Next Footnotes and Show notes. You can add footnotes and endnotes with the help
of Insert Footnotes and Insert Endnotes option. You can navigate footnotes with
the help of the Next Footnotes option. If you want to find out where the footnotes
and endnotes are located, then you can use the Show notes option.

Citations and Bibliography:

The options available in this group are Insert citation, Manage sources, style and
bibliography. You can add citation with the help of a citation option. You can
manage sources in the citation with the help of manage sources option. You can
add different styles to the citation with the help of style options. You can add a
bibliography with the help of a bibliography option.

Captions:

The options available in this group are Insert caption, Insert table of figures, update
table and cross-reference. You can add a caption to the image with the help of
the insert caption option. You can add table of figures with the help of the table of
figures option. You can update table of figures with the help of the update
table option. You can add cross-reference with the help of a cross-reference option.

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Index:

The options available in this group are Mark Entry, Insert index and Update index.
You can include the selected text in the index of the document with the Mark
Entry option. You can insert and update the document with the help of the Insert
index and Update index option.

Table of Authorities:

The options available in this group are Mark citation, Insert table of authorities and
update table. You can add a selected text as an entry in the table of authorities
with Mark citation option. You can insert and update the table of authorities with
the Insert table of authorities and update the table option.

Mailing Tab:

The groups available in this tab are as follows:

 Create
 Start Mail Merge
 Write and Insert Fields
 Preview Results
 Finish

Let's talk about each group in detail.

Create Group:

The options available in create group are Envolopes and Labels. You can create
and print Envolopes and Labes with the Envelopes and Labels option.

Start Mail Merge Group:

If you want to send the same letter to different addresses then you will not create
and send letters individually. There is a facility of Mail merge and in that facility,
you can create a list of addresses and write a single letter and insert the address list
and your work is done. You can use the Start Mail Merge group for that. The
options available in this group start mail merge, select recipient and Edit recipient
list. You can start a mail merge with the start mail merge option. You can create a
new address list or use an existing address list with the help of the Select recipient
option. If you want to make changes in the address list then use the Edit
recipient list option.

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Write and Insert Fields Group:

The option available in this groups are Highlight merge fields, Address block,
Greeting line, Insert merge field, Rules, Match fields, and Updates Labels.

Preview Results Group:

The options available in this group are Preview results, Find recipient and Auto
check for errors.
You can preview and find the results of a mail merge with the help of this group.

Finish Group:

You can final merge the letters in the document with the help of this option.

Review Tab:

The groups available in the review tab are as follows:

 Proofing
 Language
 Comments
 Tracking
 Changes
 Compare
 Protect
 OneNote

Let's talk about each group in detail.

Proofing Group:

The options available in the proofing group are spelling and grammar, research,
thesaurus, and word count. You can check the spelling and grammar of the text in
the document with the help of spelling and grammar options. You can research the
research option. If you want to add other words with similar meaning then
thesaurus option is used. If you want to know the words count of the document
then the word count option is used, the word count is also shown on the status bar
of MS Word.

Language Group:

The option available in the language groups are Translate and Language. You can
translate text and change the language with Translate and Language option
respectively.

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Comments Group:

The option available in this group are New comments, Delete, Previous and Next.
You can add a comment about the selected text with the new comments option.
You can delete comment with delete comment option. You can go to previous or
next comments with the help of Previous and Next option.

Tracking Group:

The option available in this group is Track changes, Show markup and Reviewing
pane. You can track the document with these options.

Changes Group:

The options available in this group are Accept, Reject, Previous and Next. You can
make changes in the document with these options.

Compare Group:

You can compare or combine multiple versions of the document with this group.

Protect Group:

The option available in this group are Block author and Restrict editing. You can
protect your document with these options.

OneNote Group:

You can create or open notes about documents.

View Tab:

The groups available in the view tab are as follows:

 Document views
 Show
 Zoom
 Window
 Macros

Let's talk about each group in detail.

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Document views:

There are total of 5 document views which are Print layout, full-screen reading,
web layout, outline, and draft.

Show:

You can check or uncheck rular, gridlines and navigation pane here.

Zoom:

All zooming related options are available in this group.

Window:

The options available in the window group are New window, Arrange all, split,
View side by side, synchronous scrolling, reset window position, switch windows
and macros.

Add-Ins Tab:

The groups available in this tab are Menu commands and custom toolbars.

I hope, You will understand all the Menus and submenus in the Microsoft office
word.

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MICROSOFT EXCEL

Microsoft Excel is one of the most important software in Microsoft office. In GCC
TBC Exam, lots of questions are asked on Microsoft Excel. It is important to know
all the features of Microsoft Excel. In this article, I will explain about complete
features of Microsoft Excel.

Excel is used for creating databases, lists, Sheets, etc.. There are 8 Menus in
Microsoft Excel which are as follows:

 File
 Home
 Insert
 Page Layout
 Formulas
 Data
 Review
 View

First of all, understand all bars in Microsoft Office Excel window.

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Let's talk about each Menu in details:

File Menu:

The options present in this menu are saved, save as, open, close, info, Recent,
New, Print, Save and send, help, Options and Exit. If you want to save the file then
use save option.

If you want to save the file with a different name then use save as option. If you
want to open an already saved excel file then use an open option. If you want to
close the sheet then use a close option.

The info option will give information about the current open sheet. The recent
option shows recently open files. If you want to create a new worksheet then use
New option. If you want to print worksheet then use the Print option.

If you want to save and send worksheets then use Save and Send Option. Help
option displays help dialog box. Options command shows different settings which
are useful using excel. If you want to Exit the Excel application then use the Exit
option.

Home Tab:

The groups available in Home tabs are Clipboard, Font, Alignment, Number,
Styles, Cells, and Editing.

The clipboard group contains cut, copy, paste and format painter options. If you
want to cut data then use cut option. If you want to copy the data then use the copy
option. If you want to paste copied option then use paste option. If you want to
copy the formatting and paste to another data then use the format painter option.

The Font group contains Font, Font size, Increase font size, Decrease font size,
Bold, Italic, Underline, Bottom border, Fill color and Font color. I already
explained the function of each option in the Microsoft Word article.

The Alignment group contains 6 alignment buttons, orientation, decrease indent

and increase indent, wrap text and Merge and center options. Use alignment
buttons to adjust the alignment of text in the cells. If you want to change the
orientation then use orientation option. If you want to increase or decrease indent
then use increase and decrease indent button respectively. If you want to display all
content in single-cell then use the wrap text option. If you want to merge the text in
cell and center it then use the merge and center option.

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The number group contains Number Format, Accounting number format, Percent
style, comma style, Increase and decrease decimal options. The number format
option is used for how values in the cell are displayed. Choose an alternate
currency format for the selected cells with the help of the Accounting number
format. Display the values of the cell as the percentage with the Percent style
option. Display the values of the cell as a thousand separators with a comma style
option.

The style group contains Conditional Formatting, Format as table and Cell styles
option. If you want to apply specific formatting to the cells then use conditional
formatting option. You can quickly format a range of cells and convert them into
the table by Format as a table option. Format cells by using predefined styles with
the help of the Cell Styles option.

The cells group contains Insert, Delete and Format Options. If you want to insert a
cell then use Insert Option. If you want to delete the cell then use the delete option.
If you want to format cell then use the Format option.

The Editing group contains Autosum, Fill, Clear, Sort and Filter and Find and
select an option. Autosum option displays the sum of the selected cells. You can
continue the pattern with the help of the Fill option. You can delete everything in
the cell with the help of a clear option. You can sort the data with the help of the
Sort and Filter option. You can find and select the specific text in the worksheet
with the help of Find and select option.

Insert Tab:

The groups in the Insert tab are Tables, Illustrations, Charts, Sparklines, Filter,
Links, Text, and Symbols.

The tables group contain Pivot tables and Table option. You can Insert Pivot table
and table with the help of the Pivot table and table option respectively.

The Illustrations group contains Picture, Clipart, Shapes, Smartart and Screenshot
options. You can add a picture with Picture option, Clipart with Clipart option,
Shapes with Shapes option, Smartart with Smartart option and take a screenshot
with a screenshot option.

The chart group contains Column, Line, Pie, Bar, Area, Scatter and other charts
option. You can insert different types of chart with these options.

The sparklines group contains Line, Column, Win/Loss option. You can add
different sparklines with these options.

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The Filter group contains a slicer option. You can insert a slicer to filter data in the
worksheet.

The Links group contains a hyperlink option. You can create a hyperlink with this
option in a worksheet.

The Text group contains a Text box, Header and Footer, Wordart, Signature line,
and object option. You can add a text box to add text. You can edit Header and
Footer with the help of the Header and Footer option. You can insert WordArt with
the help of the WordArt option. You can add a signature with a Signature line
option. Add the object with the help of an Object option.

The symbol group contains Equation and symbol. You can insert equations and
symbols with the help of equation and symbol option respectively.

Page Layout Tab:

The groups in the Page Layout Tab are Themes, Page setup, Scale to Fit, Sheet
Options and Arrange.

The Themes group contains Themes, Colors, Fonts and Effects. You can change
the overall design of the worksheet with the help of these options.

The Page setup group contains Margins, Orientation, Size, Print area, Breaks,
Backgrounds and Print titles. You can setup the page according to your
requirements with these options.

The scale to fit group contains the Width, Height and Scale option. You can adjust
the printing area of worksheet with these options.

The sheet options group contains Gridlines and Headings. You can show or hide
gridlines and headings with these options.

The arrange group contains Bring forward, Send backward, Selection Pane, Align,
Group and Rotate. You can set the position of the object with these options.

Formulas Tab:

The groups in the Formulas tab are Function Library, Defined Names, Formula
Auditing, and Calculations.

The Function Library group contains all functions which are used to make
calculations. The options available are Insert function, Autosum, Recently used,

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financial, Logical, Text, Date and Time, Lookup and reference, Math and Trig and
More functions.

You can create, edit, delete and find all the names in the Defined Names group.
The options available are Name manager, Define name, Use in formula and create
from selection.

You can get auditing related options in the Formula Auditing group. The options
available are Trace precedents, Trace dependence, Remove arrows, Show
formulas, Error-checking, Evaluate formula and watch window.

You can make all the calculations with the help of Calculations group. The options
available are calculation options, calculate now and calculate sheet.

Data Tab:

The groups in the Data tab are Get external data, connections, sort and filter, data
tools and outline.

You can get external data with Get external data group. The options available in
this group are From access, From web, From text, From other sources and existing
connections.

Connections group display all data connections in the workbook. The options
available in this group are Refresh all, connections, Properties and Edit links.

You can sort and filter data on several criteria with sort and filter group. The
options available in this group are sort, filter, clear, reapply and advanced.

You get different data tools in the data tools group. The options available in this
group are Text to columns, Remove duplicates, Data validation, Consolidate and
what-if analysis.

The options available in the outline group are Group, Ungroup, Subtotal, Show
detail and Hide detail.

Review Tab:

The groups available in this tab are Proofing, Language, Comments and Changes.

The proofing group contains spelling, research and Thesaurus options. You can
find correction related options in this group.

The Language group contains translate which is used to translate the language.

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The comments group contains New comment, Delete, Previous, Next, Show/hide a
comment, Show all comment and show link option. You can find all comment
related options in this group.

The options available in the changes group are Protect sheet, Protect workbook,
Share workbook, Protect and share a workbook, Allow users to edit ranges and
track changes. You can find sheet protection options in this group.

View Tab:

The groups available in this tab are Workbook view, Show, Zoom, Window and
Macros.

You can find different worksheet views in the Workbook view group. The options
available are Normal, Page Layout, Page break preview, Custom views and full
screen.

You can find show/hide options in the show group. The options available are
Rular, gridlines, formula bar and headings.

The Zoom group contains zoom and zoom to selections option.

The window group contains New window, arrange all, Freeze Panes, Split, hide,
Unhide, View side by side, Synchronus scrolling, Reset window position, save
workshop and switch windows.

You can get macros related option in Macro group.

I hope you understand all the basic features of Microsoft Office Excel.

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MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

Microsoft Powerpoint is one of the most important software in Microsoft office. In

GCC TBC Exam, lots of questions are asked on Microsoft Powerpoint. It is
important to know all the features of Microsoft Powerpoint. In this article, I will
explain about complete features of Microsoft Powerpoint.
Powerpoint is used for creating Presentations.

There are 9 Menus in Microsoft Excel which are as follows:

 File
 Home
 Insert
 Design
 Transitions
 Animations
 Slide Show
 Review
 View

First of all, understand all bars in the Microsoft Office Powerpoint window.

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Let's talk about each Menu in details:

File Menu:

The options present in this menu are save, save as, open, close, info, Recent, New,
Print, Save and send, help, Options and Exit. If you want to save the file then use
save option. If you want to save the file with a different name then use save as
option.

If you want to open an already saved powerpoint file then use an open option. If
you want to close the presentation then use a close option. The info option will
give information about the currently open presentation.

The recent option shows recently open files. If you want to create a new
presentation then use New option. If you want to print a presentation then use the
Print option. If you want to save and send a presentation then use Save and Send
Option. Help option displays help dialog box.

Options command shows different settings which are useful using Powerpoint. If
you want to Exit the Powerpoint application then use the Exit option.

Home Tab:

The groups available in Home tabs are Clipboard, Slides, Fonts, Paragraph,
Drawing, and Editing.

The clipboard group contains cut, copy, paste and format painter options. If you
want to cut data then use cut option. If you want to copy the data then use the copy
option. If you want to paste copied option then use paste option. If you want to
copy the formatting and paste to another data then use the format painter option.

The Slides group contains a New Slide, Layout, Reset and Section options. The
new slide is used to create a new slide. You can change the layout of the selected
slide with the Layout option. You can reset all the settings with the Reset option.
Organize your slides with Section options.

The Font group contains Font, Font size, Increase font size, Decrease font size,
Bold, Italic, Underline, Text shadow, Strikethrough, Character spacing, Change
case, Clear all Formatting and Font color. I already explained the function of each
option in the Microsoft Word article except the Text shadow option. You can add a
shadow behind the selected text with the text-shadow option.

The Paragraph group contains Bullets, Numbering, Decrease List level, Increase
List level, Left alignment, Middle alignment, Right alignment, Justify alignment,

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Columns, Line spacing, Text Direction, Align text, Convert to SmartArt. You can
give bullets and numbering with Bullets and Numbering option.

You can increase and decrease indent with Increase List level and Decrease List
level option. You can change the alignments with alignment options. You can split
text into two or more columns with Columns option. You can adjust line spacing
with the Line Spacing option. You can change the orientation of text with Text
direction option. You can change how text is aligned with text box with Align text
option. You can convert text into smartart graphics with Convert to SmartArt
option.

The Drawing group contains Shape, Arrange, Quick styles, Shape Fill, Shape
Outline and Shape Effect option. You can add different shapes with shape option.
You can arrange object in the slides with Arrange option. You can choose the
visual style with Quick styles option. You can fill the color, outline and effect to
selected shape with Shape Fill, Shape Outline and Shape Effect options
respectively.

The Editing group contains Find, Replace and Select option. You can find, replace
and select text with these options.

Insert Tab:

The groups in the Insert tab are Tables, Images, Illustrations, Links, Text, Symbols
and Media.

The tables group contains a table option. You can add table with this option.

The Images group contains Picture, Clipart, Screenshot, and Photo Album options.
You can add picture, clipart, take screenshots and add photo album with these
options.

The Illustrations group contains shapes, SmartArt and chart options. You can add
shapes, SmartArt and chart with these options.

The Links group contains hyperlinks and action commands. You can add a
hyperlink and set a specific action with these options.

The text group contains Text box, Header and Footer, Wordart, Date and Time,
Slide number and object options. You can add text with the help of text box option.
You can add header and footer with the help of the header and footer option. You
can add WordArt with WordArt option.

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You can insert the date and time with the date and time option. If you want to add
slide numbers then you can use the slide number option. You can add an embed
object with an object option.

The symbols group contain Equation and symbols. You can add equations and
symbols with these options

The Media group contains video and audio options. You can add video and audio
clips with these options.

Design Tab:

The groups in Design Tab are Page Setup, Themes and Backgroud.

The Page setup group contains page setup and slide orientation options. You can
set up page and Slide orientation with these options.

The Themes group contains themes, Colors, Fonts and Effects options. You can
choose a specific theme and apply different colors, fonts and effects with these
options.

The Background group contains Background styles and Hide Background

Graphics. You can apply different background styles with these options. If you
don't want to show background graphics then use hide background graphics option.

Transitions Tab:

The groups in the Transitions tab are Preview, Transition to this slide and Timing.

The preview group contains a preview option. You can see a preview of the
transitions with this option.

You can add the different transitions to the presentation with Transition to this
slide group.

You can adjust the timing of transitions with the Timing group.

Animations Tab:

The groups in the Animations tab are Preview, Animation, Advanced Animation
and Timing.

You can see preview of animation with the Preview group.

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You can add different animations with Animation group.

You can get an advanced animations option with an Advanced Animation group.

You can adjust the timing of Animations with the Timing group.

Slide Show Tab:

The groups available in this tab are Start slide show, set up and monitors.

The start slide show group contains From beginning, From current slide, Broadcast
slide show and Custom slide show options. You can start the slide show from the
beginning with From beginning option. You can start slide show from current slide
with From current slide option. You can broadcast slide show with the Broadcast
slide show option. You can create or play a custom slide show with a custom slide
show option.

The Set up group contains Set up slide show, Hide slide, Rehearse timings, Record
slide show options. You can set up advanced option with Set up slide show option.
You can hide the current slide with Hide slide option. You can set the amount of
time spend on each time with Rehearse timings option. You can record slide show
with Record slide show option. You can check or uncheck Play Narrations, Use
Timings and Show Media Controls options.

The monitor group contains Resolution, Show on and Presenter Option.

You can choose the resolution to use for the full-screen slide show with the
Resolution option. Choose a monitor on which to display the full-screen slide show
with Show on option. You can show the full-screen slide show with presenter
option.

Review Tab:

The groups available in this tab are Proofing, Language, Comments, Compare and
One note.

The Proofing group contains spelling, research and thesaurus option. Check
spelling of the text with spelling option. You can make the research with a research
option. Thesaurus option suggest the words with similar meanings.

The language group contain translate and language option. You can translate
language with translate option. You can change language with language option.

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You can compare and combine another presentation with your current presentation
with compare group.

You can create or open notes about this presentation with One note option.

View Tab:

The groups in View tab are Presentation views, Master views, Show, Zoom,
Color/Greyscale, Window and Macros.

The options in presentation views are Normal, Slide sorter, Notes page and
Reading view. You can switch to any view with these options.

The options in master views are Slide Master, Handout Master and Notes Master.
You can manage views with these options.

The show group contains Ruler, Gridlines and Guides option. You can check or
uncheck any option from these options.

The zoom group contains zoom and fit to window option. You can adjust the zoom
percentage with a zoom option. You can zoom the presentation so that slide fill the
window with fit to window option.

You can adjust the color options with Color/Greyscale group.

The window group contains New window, arrange all, cascade, move split and
switch window option. Adjust the windows options with this group.

View the list of Macros with Macros group.

I hope you understand all the basic features of Microsoft Office Powerpoint.

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INTERNET AND EMAIL

Nowadays the Internet is so popular for searching for data that the user wants. The
Internet is so useful nowadays. You can get all types of information within seconds
with the internet.

In this article, I will share you knowledge about what is the internet, how to use it
and give you information about electronic mails.

What is Internet?

The Internet is basically a network of networks.

Nowadays people make their websites to share their knowledge with users. Many
organizations, institutes, companies run their websites to provide their service to
users. The Internet is available 24*7 to users.

The Internet is used in 1950 for the first time. After that, the Internet gained
popularity with time. Now there are millions of users use the internet in one day.

Now the Internet is used in every field such as schools and colleges, to build a
successful business, for making online shopping, Peoples can book airlines, bus,
train reservations, for making banking transactions, for contacting people, etc.

Basically, there are two computers is working on the Internet. The main computer
is called a server. All the data of websites are stored on the server computer. It is
running on the Network operating system. It handles all the requests received from
users.

The computer used by the user to search for information is called the Client
computer. When the user searches some data, the request is sent to the server via
the internet and then the server computer finds such data and the request is placed
with the server.

The server then sends data to the client computer. This process is completed within
seconds and it also depends upon your speed of internet connection.

There is a large network of fiber optics cables that are spread over the globe to
send or receives such data requests.

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How to connect the Internet to the Computer?

A modem is a device that is used to connect the internet to the computer. There are
lots of modem devices are available in the market.

You can connect the internet to the computer with the help of a sim card. Your
Mobile Smartphone is itself modem which is used to connect the Internet to the
computer.

You can also purchase a modem to connect internet, there is also a slot to insert a
SIM card.

What is Web Page?

When we search for some website, the page contains data or information. This
page is called web page. The language used to build web page is HTML(Hyper
text markup language).

The sending and receiving of data is carried out by a protocol called HTTP(Hyper
text transfer protocol).

There is a term called URL. As like home address, there is an address of a website
called a URL.

The software used to load web pages is called a web browser. There are so many
browsers available in the market such as google chrome, internet explorer, Mozilla
Firefox, Opera, etc. You can use any web browser to surf the internet.

What is Electronic Mail?

Email is a service that allows us to send and receive electronic letters via the
internet. You just need to create an email ID and then you are able to send emails
to another person. Here both people need email ID to send and receive emails.

Popular email services are Gmail, Yahoo mail, etc..

I hope You will get basic information about the Internet and Email.

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Best of Luck For Your

Exam !!!

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