See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/327726341

Design and Implementation of Library Management System

Article  in  International Journal of Computer Applications · September 2018

DOI: 10.5120/ijca2018917766

CITATIONS READS

3 13,079

3 authors, including:

Samuel Acheampong Godfred Ampofo

Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Bishop's University
3 PUBLICATIONS   13 CITATIONS    1 PUBLICATION   3 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Godfred Ampofo on 14 December 2021.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

Design and Implementation of Library Management

System
Acheampong Samuel Ampofo Godfred Xu He
Nanjing University of Post and Nanjing University of Post and Professor
Telecommunication Telecommunication Nanjing University of Post and
China China Telecommunication
China

ABSTRACT The project is very useful for those who want to know about
The Library Management System is an application for assisting Library Management System.
a librarian in managing a book library in a university. The
Library is regarded as the brain of any institute; many
system would provide basic set of features to add/update
institutes understand the importance of the library to the
members, add/update books, and manage check in
growth of the institute and their esteem users
specifications for the systems based on the client’s statement of
(students). LMS support the general requirement of the
need. Library management system is a typical management
library like acquisition, cataloging, circulation.
Information system (MIS), its Development include the
establishment and maintenance of back-end database and Library project system that offers many flexible and

front-end application development aspects. For the former convenient features, allowing librarians and library users to

require the establishment of data consistency and integrity of maximize time and efficiency. Library System gives the all

the strong data security and good libraries. As for the latter detailed information about students, staff and books. It will

requires the application fully functional, easy to use and so on. track on the how many books available in library and books
issued to the students. It shows popular book among the
Keywords students. It will provide book lost in library. It keeps the
Management System, Data Security, management information
record of the suppliers and book binders. It generates MIS
System
reports for management. Our software is customizable for any
1. INTRODUCTION library requirement.
The project titled Library Management System is Library
2. METHOD AND MATERIALS
Management software for monitoring and controlling the
2.1 Development Methodology
transactions in a library. The project “Library Management
In software engineering, a system development methodology
System” is developed in php, which mainly focuses on basic
refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and
operations in a library like adding new books, and updating
control the process of developing an information system.
new information, searching books and members and return
Software development methodologies define the processes we
books.
use to build software. These methodologies are also referred
This project of “LIBRARY MANAGEMENT” of gives us the to as Software Development Process Models. Each
complete information about the library. We can enter the methodology follows a series of steps unique to its type, to
record of new books and retrieve the details of books ensure success in the process of software development.
available in the library. We can issue the books to the students
A software process is a set of related activities that leads to the
and maintain their records and can also check how many
production of a software product.
books are issued and stock available in the library. In this
project we can maintain the late fine of students who returns There are a lot of software processes but they all include four

the issued books after the due date. activities:

Throughout the project the focus has been on presenting  Specification

information and comments in an easy and intelligible manner.  Development

18
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

 Validation represented as spiral rather than a sequence of activities and it

includes best features from the waterfall and prototyping
 Evolution
models. In addition, it introduces a new component called:
These are fundamental to software engineering. A wide risk-assessment. Each loop in the spiral represents a phase,
variety of Software Development methodology has evolved thus the first loop might be concerned with system feasibility.
over the years. Each of these methodologies has its own The next loop might be concerned with the requirements
recognized strengths and weaknesses. The following are the definition and the next with system design, and the like.
most widely used methodologies for software development.
2.1.4 Prototyping Method
2.1.1 Waterfall Method A prototype is a version of a system or part of the system
The waterfall model is a sequential approach, where each that’s developed quickly to check the customer’s requirements
fundamental activity of a process represented as a separate or the feasibility of some design decisions. Prototypes are
phase, arranged in linear order. This model requires planning useful when a customer or the developer is not sure of the
and scheduling activities before starting working on them, it is requirements, the algorithms efficiency, some business rules
plan-driven. or even response time.

Plan-driven process is one in which all the activities are first The four basic process activities of specification, development,
planned, and then each progress is measured against the plan. validation, and evolution are organized differently in the

The Agile process on the other hand involves planning respective development processes. In the waterfall model,

incrementally and it is much easier to change the processes to they are organized in sequence, but are interleaved in

reflect a change in requirement. incremental development method. The type of software, the
people, and organizational structures involved determines how
2.1.2 Incremental Method
these activities are carried out. For example, specifications for
The Incremental method of development is based on the idea
extreme programming are written on cards. Tests are
of developing an initial implementation, exposing this model
executable and developed before the program itself. Evolution
to user to receive feedback. This model evolves in the form of
may involve substantial system restructuring or re-factoring.
versions as the requirements change until an acceptable
system has been developed. This project uses the Incremental method in developing the
application because the preferences of the users keep
2.1.3 Spiral Method
changing.
The spiral model is a risk-driven method where the process is

Figure 2.0 Incremental Development Methodology

2.2 Database Design computer. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage,
Database is any collection of data, or information, that is retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in conjunction
specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a with various data-processing operations. A database is stored

19
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

as a file or a set of files on magnetic disk or tape, optical disk, and medium scale businesses that do not really need advanced
or some other secondary storage device. The information in functionality on their websites. HTML is free, supports all
these files may be broken down into records, each of which browsers on the client’s machine, easy to use and understand
consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of hence, the choice in building the structure of my web pages.
data storage, and each field typically contains information
CSS
pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to
the database. Records are also organized into tables that
describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or
include information about relationships between its various
XML (including XML dialects such as SVG or XHTML). CSS
fields.
describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper,
Database Design is a collection of processes that facilitate the in speech, or on other media. CSS is one of the core languages
designing, development, implementation and maintenance of of the open web and is standardized across browsers according
enterprise data management systems. The main objectives of to the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) specification.
database designing are to produce logical and physical designs
JavaScript
models of the proposed database system.
JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed,
2.3 Materials prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted
Development Tools programming language. JavaScript is a full-fledged dynamic
In this project, a number of development tools would be programming language that, when applied to an HTML
used to complete this project. They are listed as follow. document, can provide dynamic interactivity on websites. It
would be used in conjunction with Django to ensure validation
Php
rules on the front-end of the websites.
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting Bootstrap
language that is especially suited for web development and Bootstrap is a free and open-source front-end web framework
can be embedded into HTML. The best things in using PHP for designing websites and web applications. It contains HTML
are that it is extremely simple for a newcomer, but offers and CSS based design templates for typography, forms, buttons,
many advanced features for a professional programmer. Don't navigation and other interface components, as well as optional
be afraid reading the long list of PHP's features. You can jump JavaScript extensions. Unlike many web frameworks, it
in, in a short time, and start writing simple scripts in a few concerns itself with front-end development only. Bootstrap
hours. What distinguishes PHP from something like would be used to design the styling of the application alongside
client-side JavaScript is that the code is executed on the server, CSS. Bootstrap is important in the application for the following
generating HTML which is then sent to the client. The client reasons:
would receive the results of running that script, but would not
 Easy to use: Anybody with just basic knowledge of
know what the underlying code was. You can even configure
HTML and CSS can start using Bootstrap.
your web server to process all your HTML files with PHP, and
then there's really no way that users can tell what you have up  Responsive features: Bootstrap's responsive CSS

your sleeve. adjusts to phones, tablets, and desktops.

 Mobile-first approach: Mobile-first styles are part of

HTML
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the code that is used the core bootstrap framework.

to structure a web page and its content. HTML is used to  Browser compatibility: Bootstrap is compatible with
specify whether a web content should be recognized as a all modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Internet
paragraph, list, heading, link, image, multimedia player, form, Explorer, Safari, and Opera).
or one of many other available elements or even a new element
that you define. It is the globally accepted programming
Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is the predominant photo editing and
language for formatting web pages. It is mostly used by small

20
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

manipulation software on the market. Its uses ranges from full layer. This layer passes the information which is given by the
featured editing of large batches of photos to creating intricate user in terms of keyboard actions, mouse clicks to the
digital paintings and drawings that mimic those done by hand. Application Layer. For example, login page of Gmail where
It is a graphic designing tool that enables picture manipulation an end user could see text boxes and buttons to enter user id,
and editing. Photoshop would be used to design user interfaces password and to click on sign-in. In simple words, it is to
and the various images that would be required in developing view the application.
the system.
 Application Layer:
2.4 Systems Analysis and Design It is also known as Business Logic Layer which is also known
System analysis and design deal with planning the as logical layer. As per the Gmail login page example, once
development of information systems through understanding user clicks on the login button, Application layer interacts
and specifying in detail what a system should do and how the with Database layer and sends required information to the
components of the system should be implemented and work Presentation layer. It controls an application’s functionality by
together. System analysis and design solve business problems performing detailed processing. This layer acts as a mediator
through analyzing the requirements of information systems between the Presentation and the Database layer. Complete
and designing such systems by applying analysis and design business logic will be written in this layer. In simple words, it
techniques. is to perform operations on the application.

System analysis and design is the most essential phase in the  Data Layer:
development of a system since the logical system design The data is stored in this layer. Application layer
arrived at as a result of systems analysis which is in turn communicates with Database layer to retrieve the data. It
converted into physical system design. contains methods that connects the database and performs
required action e.g.: insert, update, delete etc. In simple words,
2.4.1 General System Architecture
it is to share and retrieve the data.
The architecture of applications is usually broken into logical
chunks called "tiers", where every tier is assigned a role. A There are four categories of application architectures which
“tier” can also be referred to as a “layer”. There are three all have the four layers explained above. The categories of the
layers involved in the application namely Presentation Layer, application architecture are:
Business Layer and Data Layer. Each layer is explained in
2.4.2 N-Tier Architecture
detailed below:
It is similar to three tier architectures but number of
 Presentation Layer: application servers are increased and represented in individual
It is also known as Client layer. Top most layer of an tiers in order to distributed the business logic so that the logic
application. This is the layer we see when we use a software. will be distributed. N-Tier application is also known as
By using this layer, we can access the webpages. The main Distributed application.
functionality of this layer is to communicate with Application

21
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

Figure 2.1 N-Tier Application (Distributed Application)

ER Design correspond to entities in the Entity Relationship model, and

Entity Relationship (ER) models have played a central role the operations to be done on those entities. however, a good
in systems specification, analysis and development. It is clear design will minimize redundancy and attempt to store all the
that the physical objects from the precious section: the information in as small a space as possible. after some
borrower name, dye date, book name card, authors, etc., consideration, we have decided.

Figure 2.2 E-R Design

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Testing is the process of evaluating a software or system to

After the system developed, process of system testing must be detect differences between given input and expected output.
carry on in order to test if the system is free of bugs. If during Testing is conducted to assess the quality of a system hence can
the system testing, there are bugs or errors detected, the be said to be a validation and verification process. This ensures
developer may need to correct and fix the bugs immediately. that system meets the technical requirements that guided its
design and development, works as expected and can be

22
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

implemented with the same characteristics. testing, and acceptance testing. System testing is not a testing
that is limited only to the development team but it also requires
There are few types of system testing that must be performed
the help from specific outsider (beta-tester) to test on the
which include the unit testing, integration testing, system
system acceptance.

Some of the screen-shots after testing

Figure 3.0 Manage Categories of Library Management System

Figure 3.1 Admin Login Form

23
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

Figure 3.2 Manage Issued Books of the Library Management System

4. CONCLUSION for his valuable guidance, stimulating suggestions, patience

The Internet has become a major resource in modern life, thus and for encouraging us to go ahead with our project. Thanks
library management system has gained significance not only to them for his advice and useful feedback regarding the final
from the management staff but also from the student’s point of project either in documentation parts or technical parts. In
view. For the management, library system generates new addition, their guideline and briefing on how to produce a
books opportunities and for the student, it makes comparative good quality report for this project also provided to us. We are
selecting possible. As per a survey, most students of online grateful.
library system are impulsive and usually make a decision to
We would like to sincerely thank all those who helped us with
stay on a site within the first few seconds. Website design is
their valuable support during the entire process of this paper.
like a management interior. If the management looks poor or
like hundreds of other management the student is most likely 7. REFERENCES
to skip to the other site. Hence, the project has been designed [1] https://www.vendorview360.com/reference-library-mana

to provide the user with easy navigation, retrieval of data and gement/

necessary feedback as much as possible [2] https://www.uef.fi/en/web/kirjasto/tietoa-kirjastosta/johta

minen
5. FUTURE WORK
In future, we hope to delve more into the integration of [3] https://www2.illinois.gov/cdb/business/library/Document
payments system in case one lost a book after borrowing. This s/DCM2006.pdf
is because the payment aspect of the system does not offer this
[4] http://thereferencelibrary.com/design_professionals/desig
to the user. The hope is to expand the choices available to the
n_professionals.php
library management. Also, we hope to add multiple currency
to make users choose the currency of their choice before they [5] http://thereferencelibrary.com/
start any payment.
[6] Nige, B. (2018, January 15). Why Django? Retrieved

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS from Django Book:

We have learned a lot and really enjoyed working on this https://djangobook.com/tutorials/why-django/
project. We thank God Almighty who by His Grace and
[7] Rajkumar. (2018, April 05). Software Architecture:
Mercy we have been able to complete this project.
One-Tier, Two-Tier, Three Tier, N Tier. Retrieved from
Our appreciation to our parents and guardians who have SoftwareTestingMaterial:
motivated us in diverse ways to come this far in our https://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com/software-archit
educational journey. ecture/

We are deeply indebted to our supervisor, Professor Xu He

24
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 13, September 2018

[8] Sheppy. (2018, January 17). CSS: Cascading Style https://www.studytonight.com/dbms/database-normalizat

Sheets. Retrieved from MDN web docs: ion.php
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS
[12] Team, P. C. (2017, November 23). 7 Key Features Online
[9] SmartDraw. (2018, April 09). Entity Relationship Shoppers Demand From an Online Store. Retrieved from
Diagram. Retrieved from SmartDraw: PinnacleCart:
https://www.smartdraw.com/entity-relationship-diagram/ https://www.pinnaclecart.com/blog/7-key-features-online
-shoppers-demand-from-an-online-store/
[10] Smith, L. (2018, January 25). What PostgreSQL has over
other open source SQL databases: Part I. Retrieved from [13] The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018, April
Compose: 06). Database. Retrieved from Britannica:
https://www.compose.com/articles/what-postgresql-has-o https://www.britannica.com/technology/database
ver-other-open-source-sql-databases/
[14] Wikipedia. (2018, April 09). User interface design.
[11] studytonight. (2018, April 09). Normalization of Retrieved from Wikipedia:
Database. Retrieved from studytonight: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface_design

25
IJCATM : www.ijcaonline.org

View publication stats