7/8

TLE-ACP
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Performing Estimation
and Basic Calculation
TLE-ACP-7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Performing Estimation and Basic Calculation
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education, SDO OF AURORA

Schools Division Superintendent: CATALINA P. PAEZ, Ph.D., CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: DANILO M. JACOBA

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Writer: Lomel L. Alvarado
Editor: Esmeralda S. Escobar
Reviewer: Ma. Roselle S. Fajanilbo
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Estrella D. Neri
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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. follow procedures in reporting to appropriate persons the
estimate of materials ;
2. different techniques in checking accuracy of result; and
4. perform estimation and basic calculation.
TLE_AFAC9-12MC-0d-4

What I Know

Directions: Categorize the following terms. Put a check (/) mark where
it belongs, farm inputs or farm labor and if it requires computation to the
farmers for record keeping and evaluation. Copy the table on your activity
notebook to accomplish this task.

Farm Farm Farm Requires Computation

Requirements Inputs Labor Yes No
Seeds

Plowing and land

preparation
Weeding

Harvesting

Fertilizer/pesticides

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 Lesson Performing Estimation and
1 Basic Calculation
Farming requires knowledge and skills in the different activities related
to the growth and harvest of a crop. All of the activities started by simply
knowing all the basic tools, material, supply and equipment. Farm activities
needed capital to finance cost of production such as farm inputs and labor
requirements essential in farming. Every stages of farming is
composed of different inputs, labor requirement, and workers. All of the basic
activities require also our basic knowledge in calculation and we will discover
and learn it with this lesson. Let start by remembering the basic tools and
equipment.

What’s In
Directions: Identify the following farm tools and equipment in your
activity notebook.

1 2
3

4
5

2
 What’s New

Farming cycle is the cycle of activities related to the growth and harvest
of crops. The cycle starts with crop selection. The crop selection process
include different laborious activities like surveying of prices of different crops,
market demand, sale potential, budget requirement, feasibility of the crop,
and crop productivity.
To produce higher crop yield, it depends on different farm activities.
Farm activities needed capital to finance cost of production such as farm
inputs and labor requirements essential in farming cycle. Every stages of
farming cycle is composed of different inputs, labor requirement, and workers.
Some of the farm input needs are the following: equipment, planting materials
(seed varieties), fertilizers, and pesticides, etc.

FARMING CYCLE
land
preparation

harvesting planting

plant
care

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 Procedures in Reporting Farm Estimates

Below are the procedures in reporting to appropriate persons the estimate of materials and
resources.

2 . Determine the 3 . Determine the

1 . Meeting the farm owner's plan to his estimation of farm
owner
farm inputs

6.
Budgeting/Revision
5 . Give the result to 4 . Calculate the farm
if there are changes
made by the farm the farm owner inputs
owner

8 . Give the final draft

7 . Finalization of the
of farm estimates
farm estimate and
and calculation to
calculation
the farm owner

1. In meeting the farm owner, you must gather the following data of the farm.
A. Land area C. Sources of water for irrigation
B. Crops to plant D. Available farm tools and equipment
2. Determine the owner’s plan to his farm.
What he wants
What is the farm management plan?
3. Determine the estimation of farm inputs.
Farm supplies
Labor requirements
4. Calculate the farm inputs.
Calculate the needed amount for the operation of the farm Shows
the total amount needed in the farm operation.
5. Give the result to the farm owner.
6. Budgeting/Revision if there are changes made by the farm owner.
This part is the allocation of money or budgeting based from your
estimation and calculation.
7. Finalization of the farm estimate and calculation.
8. Give the final draft of farm estimates and calculation to the farm owner.

4
 What is It

Estimating Farm Inputs and Labor Requirements

Farm Inputs
1. Seeds
2. Fertilizer
3. Pesticides
4. Insecticides
Farm Labor Requirements

1. Labor requirement for land preparation

 Plowing using tractor  Clearing of the land using hoe
 Plowing using animal  Harrowing using hand tractor
2. Labor requirement in planting
 Pulling of seedlings  Transplanting of seedlings
3. Labor requirement for plant care
 Fertilizer application  Pest control
 Irrigation  Weeding
4. Labor requirement for harvesting
 Manual Harvesting  Drying
 Threshing  Milling
 Storing
Estimated Irrigation Expenses from Planting up to last harvest
Irrigation expenses is the product of price of water per volume, the
number of volumes per day and total number of days to be irrigated from
planting to last harvest. This is expressed as

Irrigation Expenses = Price of Water No. of volumes x Total no. of days

x
Volume Day

Estimated worker hired to perform irrigation from planting

Estimated workers = Workers x Total no. of days
square area

Estimated number of days for spraying insecticides* (per worker)

Estimated no. of days = No. of days
x Total no. of area
Square area

Estimated workers needed for spraying insecticides* (in one day)

Estimated cost Square area = Price x No. of insecticides x
Insecticides Square area

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Workers’ salary during insecticide spraying

Worker’s Salary = Salary

x Total no. of days
Day

Estimated number of weeding operations

Estimated number of workers needed in weeding
Estimated workers = No. of Workers x Total no. of area
square area

Workers salary during weeding Salary x Total no. of workers

= worker
Estimated number of workers employ during harvesting

Workers employed = No. of Workers x Total land harvesting area

Square area
Example:
Given the gathered data

Total land area 50 ,000 sq meter 50,000 sq meter

Amount of fertilizer 20/kilo
Number of days consumed in planting the area 2 day
Number of workers planted the area 5 workers
Amount of salary paid in planting the area 300/day
Number of workers who fertilized the area from planting up to the
2 workers
date of this survey.
Quantity of fertilizer used from planting up to the date where survey
200 kilos
was made
Amount of salary paid in applying fertilizer from planting to the date
300/day
of this survey
Quantity of fertilizer to be used after the survey until final
500 kilos
harvesting*
Number of workers required to perform fertilization after the
survey 2 workers
until final harvesting*
Amount of salary paid in applying fertilizer from planting to the date
300/day
of this survey

Computation:
a) Total amount of salary paid in planting the area
Total amount of salary = (no. of days)(no. of workers)(amount of salary
Total amount of salary paid in planting the area = (2)(5)(300) = 3,000.00
b) Total amount of fertilizer consumed from planting up to the date of the
survey
Total amount of fertilizer = (amount of fertilizer per kilo)(no. of kilos)
Total amount of fertilizer =(20)(200) = 4,000.00

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 c) Total amount of salary paid in fertilizing the area from planting up to the
date of the survey
Total amount of salary = (no. of days)(no. of workers)(amount of salary)
Total amount of salary paid in fertilizing the area = (2)(2)(300) = 1,200.00
d) Total amount of fertilizer consumed after the survey until final harvesting
Total amount of fertilizer = (amount of fertilizer per kilo)(no. of kilos)
Total amount of fertilizer =(20)(400) = 8,000.00
e) Total amount of salary paid in fertilizing the area after the survey until
final harvesting
Total amount of salary = (no. of days)(no. of workers)(amount of salary
Total amount of salary paid in fertilizing the area = (4)(2)(300) = 2,400.00

Total cost of all the expenses is the sum of the following:

Total amount of salary paid in planting the area 3,000.00
Total amount of fertilizer consumed from planting up to the date of
4,000.00
the survey
Total amount of salary paid in fertilizing the area from planting up to
1,200.00
the date of the survey
Total amount of fertilizer consumed after the survey until final
8,000.00
harvesting
Total amount of salary paid in fertilizing the area after the
2,400.00
survey until final harvesting

PERFORM BASIC CALCULATION

It is important to be able to measure and calculate surface areas. It might be

necessary to calculate, for example, the surface area of the cross-section of a canal
or the surface area of a farm. The most common surface areas illustrated:

The height (h) of a triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram or a trapezium, is the

distance from a top corner to the opposite side called base (b). The height is always
perpendicular to the base; in other words, the height makes a "right angle" with the
base. An example of a right angle is the corner of this page.
In the case of a square or a rectangle, the expression length (1) is commonly
used instead of base and width (w) instead of height. In the case of a circle the
expression diameter (d) is used.

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 The height (h), base (b), width (w), length (1) and diameter (d) of the most
common surface areas

SQUARES AND RECTANGLES

The surface area or surface (A) of a square or a rectangle is calculated by the formula:

A (square or rectangle) = length x width = l x w

A square and a rectangle

QUESTION

Calculate the surface areas of the rectangle and of the square.

Given Answer
Square: length = 2 cm
width = 2 cm Formula: A = length x
width
= 2 cm x 2 cm = 4
cm2
Rectangle: length = 5 cm
width = 3 cm Formula: A = length x
width
= 5 cm x 3 cm
=5cm2
Related irrigation areas, you will often come across the expression hectare (ha), which is a surface
area unit. By definition, 1 hectare equals 10 000 m2. For example, a field with a length of 100 m
and a width of 100 m² has a surface area of 100 m x 100 m = 10 000 m² = 1 ha.

DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE AREA OF A FARM

It may be necessary to determine the surface
area of a farmer's field. For example, when
calculating how much irrigation water
should be given to a certain field, the size of
the field must be known.
Field of regular shape

Example

Given Answer
Length of the field =50 m Formula: A = length x width (formula 2)
Width of the field = 30 m = 50 m x 30 m = 1500 m²

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Field of irregular shape

In this case, the field should be divided in several regular areas (square, rectangle, triangle,
etc.).

Surface area of the square: As = length x width = 30 m x 30 m = 900 m2

Surface area of the rectangle: Ar = length x width = 50 m x 15 m = 750 m²
Surface area of the triangle: At = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x 20 m x 30 m = 300 m²
Total surface area of the field: A = As + Ar + At = 900 m2 + 750 m2 + 300 m2 = 1950 m²

INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME

A volume (V) is the content of a body or object. Take for example a block. A
block has a certain length (l), width (w) and height (h). With these three
data, the volume of the block can be calculated using the formula:
V (block) = length x width x height = l x w x h
A block
Example
Calculate the volume of the above block.

Given Answer
length = 4 cm Formula: V = length x width x height
width = 3 cm = 4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm
height = 2 cm = 24 cm3

The volume of this block is expressed in cubic centimeters (written as cm). Volumes
can also be expressed in cubic decimeters (dm³), cubic meters (m³), etc.

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VOLUME OF WATER ON A FIELD

Suppose a one-liter bottle is filled with water. The

volume of the water is 1 liter or 1 dm3. When the bottle of
water is emptied on a table, the water will spread out over
the table and form a thin water layer. The amount of water
on the table is the same as the amount of water that was
in the bottle.
The volume of water remains the same; only the shape of
the "water body" changes.
A similar process happens if you spread irrigation water
from a storage reservoir over a farmer's field.

Question
Suppose there is a reservoir, filled with water, with a length of 5 m, a width of 10
m and a depth of 2 m. All the water from the reservoir is spread over a field of 1
hectare. Calculate the water depth (which is the thickness of the water layer) on the
field.
A volume of 100 m3 of water spread over an area of one hectare

The formula to use is:

Water depth (d) = Volume of water (V)

Surface of the field (A)
As the first step, the volume of water must be calculated. It is the volume of
the filled reservoir, calculated with formula:
Volume (V) = length x width x height = 5 m x 10 m x 2 m = 100 m3
Given Answer
Surface of the field = 10 000 m² Formula= Volume of water (m3)
Volume of water = 100 m³ Surface of the field (m2)
d=100 (m³) 10 000 (m²) d=0.01 m d=10 mm
INTRODUCTION TO FLOW-RATE

The flow-rate of a river, or of a canal, is the volume of water discharged through this
river, or this canal, during a given period of time. Related to irrigation, the volume of
water is usually expressed in liters (l) or cubic meters (m³) and the time in seconds
(s) or hours (h). The flowrate is also called discharge-rate.

CALCULATION AND UNITS

The water running out of a tap fills a one liter bottle in one second. Thus the flow
rate (Q) is one liter per second (1 l/s).
A flow-rate of one liter per second

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 Problem

The water supplied by a pump fills a drum of 200 liters in 20

seconds. What is the flow rate of this pump?
Volume of water
The formula used is: Q= Flow –rate (I/s) =
Time ( second)

Given Answer
Volume of water: 200 I Q= Volume of water = 200 I =10 I/s
Time : 20 s Time 20 s

The unit "liter per second" is commonly used for small flows, e.g. a tap or a small
ditch. For larger flows, e.g. a river or a main canal, the unit "cubic metre per
second" (m3/s) is more conveniently used.

What’s More
A. Directions: Read and analyze the given problems. Write your solution and
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A dam controller discharges 100 m3 of water to the rice field every 2 seconds.
What is the flow-rate of this river expressed in m³/s?

2. Suppose there is a water reservoir, filled with water, with a length of 7 m, a

width of 10 m and a depth of 5 m. All the water from the reservoir is spread over
a rice field of 1 hectare (10 000 m²) . Calculate the water depth in the field.

B. Enumerate (7) farm activities that require labor force. Write your answer on your
activity notebook.
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4.

What I Have Learned

11
 Directions: Read the following paragraph and fill out the blanks by
writing the missing word/s that complete the thought of the sentences.
Write your answer on your activity notebook.

Farm activities needed capital to finance cost of production such as

______________arm inputs and ______________essential in farming cycle.
Every stages of farming cycle is composed of different inputs, labor
requirement, and workers.
Calculate the needed amount for the______________ of the farm. Shows
the______________ needed in the farm operation.
It is important to be able to measure and ______________surface areas. It
might be necessary to calculate, for example, the surface area of the cross-
section of a canal or the surface area of a farm.

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 What I Can Do
Directions: Go around your backyard; look for an area that is a square, rectangle or square
in shape. Make an estimation and calculation on the area that can be used as your compost
pit. In case that you are living in a rural area where spaces are limited, make a layout of
any shape and estimate and calculate the area you want to be as your compost pit.
The Table below will determine the score of your output.

Criteria 25 20 15
Able to draw the shape properly
Able to compute with the correct steps following the
formula
Able to label the width, length, area of the shape being
chosen

Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Mang Cardo is planning to plant here some fruit bearing trees on his rectangular
farm with a length of 5 cm and a width of 8 cm. Compute the total area of his
future orchard farm?
A. 15 cm² B. 30 cm² C. 35 cm² D. 40 cm²

2. What is measured with a cubic centimeter?

A. Length B. Density C. Mass D. Volume

3. A square plot has a perimeter of 48 meters. A pond inside the garden has an area
of 20 sq.m. What is the area of the garden that is not taken up by the pond?
A. 124 m² B. 144 m² C.180 m² D.400 m²

4. Which of the following refers to a drawing in with a relationship between two or

more items of information?
A. Graph B. Percent C. Percentage D. Volume

5. What is the150% of net income from Carlo’s harvest from his rice field?
A. 50 B. 100 C. 150 D.200

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 14
What’s More What I Have Learned Assessment
A 1. Farm input 1. B
2. Labor requirement 2. D
1. 50 m3 /S 3. Operation 3. C
2. 0.035m 4. Total amount 4. A
5. Calculate 5. C
B.
1. Land Preparation
2. Planting
3. Fertilizer application
4. Pest Control
5. Weeding
6. Irrigation
7. Harvesting
What I Know
What’s In
Farm Farm Farm Requires 1. Rake
Requirements Inputs Labor Computation
2. Four
Yes No
3. Shovel
Seeds
4. Hand Tractor
/ /
5. Bolo
Plowing and land
preparation / /
Weeding
/ /
Harvesting
/ /
Fertilizer/pesticides
/ /
Answer Key
References
Intacto, Victor III V. k to 12-Technology and Livelihood Education. Learners
Material Grade 7/8. Horticulture Philippines: Department of
Education

Intacto, Victor III V. k to 12-Technology and Livelihood Education. Teachers

Guide Grade 7/8. Horticulture Philippines: Department of Education

K to 12 Curriculum Guide-Agri-Fishery Arts Agricultural Crops Production

( NC II). May 2016. Philippines. Department of Education.

Most Essentials Learning Competencies with CG Codes, June 2020,

Department of Education. Curriculum and Instruction Strand

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