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Assignment-1 (Linear Algebra)

This document contains 40 questions about linear algebra concepts such as matrices, linear transformations, eigenvectors, eigenvalues, and vector spaces. The questions cover topics like determining if a matrix is idempotent or involutory; showing properties of Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, symmetric and orthogonal matrices; finding ranks, inverses and elementary row operations of matrices; solving systems of linear equations; checking linear dependence and independence of vectors; finding bases and dimensions of vector spaces and their subspaces; representing linear transformations with matrices; and calculating ranges, kernels, ranks and nullities of linear transformations.

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DEBOJIT CHATTERJEE
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266 views

Assignment-1 (Linear Algebra)

This document contains 40 questions about linear algebra concepts such as matrices, linear transformations, eigenvectors, eigenvalues, and vector spaces. The questions cover topics like determining if a matrix is idempotent or involutory; showing properties of Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, symmetric and orthogonal matrices; finding ranks, inverses and elementary row operations of matrices; solving systems of linear equations; checking linear dependence and independence of vectors; finding bases and dimensions of vector spaces and their subspaces; representing linear transformations with matrices; and calculating ranges, kernels, ranks and nullities of linear transformations.

Uploaded by

DEBOJIT CHATTERJEE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SIKKIM

B.Tech. 1st Year (Section-B) - 2022


Assignment-1
(Linear Algebra)
Note: Solve the following questions.

1. If B is an Idempotent matrix then show that A = I – B is also Idempotent and that


AB = BA = O.
2. Show that A is Involutory matrix if and only if (I + A) (I – A) = O.
3. If AB = A and BA = B then show that A and B are Idempotent.
4. If A is a Hermition (Skew-Hermition) matrix, then show that iA is Skew-Hermition
(Hermition), where i2 = -1.
5. If A and B are Hermition matrices, then show that AB + BA is Hermition and AB – BA
is Skew-Hermition.
6. Let A be any square matrix. Then prove that A + Aᶿ, AAᶿ, AᶿA are all Hermition and
A - Aᶿ is Skew-Hermition.
7. If U and V are symmetric matrices, then show that UVU is also symmetric. Is UV
symmetric always?
8. If A is an orthogonal matrix, then show that A’ and A-1 are also orthogonal.
9. If the product of two non-zero square matrix is a zero matrix, then show that both of
them must be singular matrices.
10. If A is a non-singular square matrix of order n, then show that |𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 .
11. Find the rank and the inverse of the following matrices using elementary row
operations:
1 3 3 1 2 3 1 −1 1 1 2 3
(a) 𝐴 = 1 4 3 (b) 𝐴 = 1 4 2 (c) 𝐴 = 4 1 0 (d) 𝐴 = 2 4 7 ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [
1 3 4 2 6 5 8 1 1 3 6 10
1 5 4
12. Find the value of b so that the rank of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 3 2 ] is 2.
𝑏 13 10
13. Find the value of k for which the following system of equations is consistent:
3x1 – 2x2 + 2x3 = 3, x1 + kx2 – 3x3 = 0, 4x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 7
14. Find the value of 𝜆 for which the system of equations x + y + 4z = 1, x + 2y – 2z = 1,
𝜆x + y + z = 1 will have a unique solution.
3 −2 1 𝑥 𝑏
15. Determine the value of a and b for which the system [5 −8 9] [𝑦] = [ 3 ]
2 1 𝑎 𝑧 −1
(i) has a unique solution, (ii) has no solution and (iii) has infinitely many solutions.
16. Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of the following matrix
1 1 −2
𝐴 = [−1 2 1 ].
0 1 −1
1 2 −3
17. Let 𝐴 = [0 3 4 ]. Then find the Eigen values of (i) 3𝐴3 + 𝐼 (ii) 𝐴3 + 2𝐴2 − 𝐴 +
0 0 −2
2𝐼 (iii) 𝐴−1 + 3𝐴 − 𝐼 (iv) 𝐴−1 + 𝐴𝑇 .
3 2 1
18. Find the product and sum of the Eigen values of the matrix 𝐴 = [1 3 2].
4 1 5
3 1 1
19. Find the characteristic polynomial of the matrix 𝐴 = [−1 5 −1]. Verify
1 −1 3
−1
Cayley-Hamilton theorem for this matrix. Hence find 𝐴 .
1 4
20. If 𝐴 = [ ], then express 𝐴5 − 4𝐴4 − 7𝐴3 + 11𝐴2 − 𝐴 − 10𝐼 in terms of A.
2 3
21. Find whether or not the following set of vectors are linearly dependent or independent:
(i) (1, -2), (2, 1), (3, 2) (ii) (1, 1, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0, 1)

22. Show that the vectors x1 = (a1, b1), x2 = (a2, b2) are linearly dependent if a1 b2 – a2b1 = 0.
23. Check whether the following are vector space or not:
(i) R(R) (ii) C(R) (iii) C(C) (iv) R(C) (v) R(Q) (vi) C(Q) (vii) F(F) (viii) Rn(R)
(ix) Fn(F) (x) Set of all polynomials over a field F (xi) Q(R) (xii) Q(C) (xiii) Set
of all non-zero polynomial in x of degree 2 (xiv) Set of all polynomial in x of degree
≤ 2, where F is any field, R- real numbers, C- complex numbers, Q- rational numbers.

24. Let V = R3(R). Show that W is a subspace or not of V, where (i) W = {(a, b, c): a ≥ 0}
(ii) W = {(a, b, c): b = a2} (iii) W = {(a, b, c): b = a + c} (iv) W = {(a, b, c): a = 2b =
3c} (v) W = {(a, b, c): a + b + c = 0} (vi) W = {(a, b, c): a2 + b2 + c2 = 1}

25. Let V = {A = [aij]n×n: aij ϵ F} is a vector space over F. Show that W is a subspace or not
of V, where (i) W = { A = [aij]n×n: aij = aji} (ii) = { A = [aij]n×n: A is upper triangular}
(iii) W = { A = [aij]n×n: A is diagonal} (iv) W = { A = [aij]n×n: A is scalar}

26. Let V = R4(R) and S = {(2, 0, 0, 1), (-1, 0, 1, 0)}. Find L(S).
27. If x, y, z are L.I. over the field C, then show that x + y, y + z and z + x are L.I. over C.
28. Show that the set S = {1, i} is L.I. in C(R) but L.D. in C(C).
29. Show that the set S = {(1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 0), (1, -1, 2)} forms a basis of R3(R).
30. Show that the vectors u = (1 + i, 2i), w = (1, 1 + i) are L.D in C 2(C) but L.I. in C2(R).
31. Find the basis and dimension of the following vector spaces: (i) R(R) (ii) C(R) (iii)
C2(R) (iv) R(√2) over R (v) Q(√2, √3) over Q (vi) R(Q) (vii) R3(R) (viii) P(t)- set
of all polynomial over field F. (ix) M2×2- set of all 2×2 matrices over field F.
32. Find a basis and dimension of the subspace W of R4(R) , where (i) W = {(a, b, c, d): a +
b + c + d = 0} (ii) W = {(a, b, c, d): a = d, b = 2c} (iii) W = {(a, b, c, d): a=b=c=d}
33. Find the basis and dimension of the subspace W of P 3(t) spanned by u = t3 + 2t2 – 3t +4,
v = 2t3 + 5t2 – 4t + 7, w = t3 + 4t2 + t + 2.
34. Let T: R2→R2 be a linear mapping for which T (1, 2) = (2, 5) and T (2, 1) = (2, 4). Find
a formula for T, i.e. T(x, y).
35. Show that the following mappings are linear or not linear: (i) T: R 3→R3 defined by
T(x, y, z) = (x, 0, z) (ii) T: R3→R2 defined by T(x, y, z) = (|𝑥 |, y + z) (iii) T: R3→R3
defined by T(x, y, z) = (x + 1, y + 2, z + 3).
36. Let T: R4→R3 be the linear mapping defined by T(x, y, z, t) = (x – y + z + t, 2x – 2y +
3z + 4t, 3x – 3y + 4z + 5t). Find a basis and dimension of (i) ImT (ii) KerT.
1 2 3 1
37. Let A: R4→R3 be the matrix mapping, where 𝐴 = [1 3 5 −2]. Find a basis and
3 8 13 −3
dimension of (i) Image of A (ii) Kernel of A.
38. Let T: R3→R2 be linear transformation for which T(1, 1, 1) = (1, 0), T(1, 1, 0) = (2, -1),
T(1, 0, 0) = (4, 3), then find T(2, -3, 5) = ?
39. Find a 2×2 matrix A that maps (1, 3)T and (1, 4)T into (-2, 5)T and (3, -1)T respectively.
40. Find the range, rank, Ker and nullity of the following linear transformations:
(i) T: R2→R3 defined by T(x, y) = (x, x + y, y)
(ii) T: R3→R3 defined by T(x, y, z) = (x + z, x + y + 2z, 2x + y + 3z)

………………………………The End………………………………….

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