Programs on Functions (or User defined functions), Programs on

Parameter Passing mechanisms/or Argument Passing techniques,

Programs on recursion
1) Write a program to add two numbers using function with no argument and no return
value

#include<stdio.h>

void add(); //Function declaration

int main()

add(); //Function calling

return 0;

//Function definition

void add()

int a,b,sum;

printf("\n Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

sum=a+b;

printf("\n Sum of two numbers is:%d",sum);

2) Write a program to add two numbers using function with argument but no return value

#include<stdio.h>

void add(int,int); //Function declaration

int main()

int a,b;

printf("\n Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

add(a,b); //Function calling //a, b are actual arguments

return 0;
}

//Function definition

void add(int x,int y) //x and y are formal arguments

int sum;

sum=x+y;

printf("\n Sum of two numbers is:%d",sum);

3) Write a program to add two numbers using function no arguments but return a value

#include<stdio.h>

int add(); //Function declaration

int main()

int result;

result=add(); //Function calling

printf("\n Sum is:%d",result);

return 0;

//Function definition

int add()

int a,b,sum;

printf("\n Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

sum=a+b;

return sum;

4) Write a program to add two numbers using function with arguments and return a value

#include<stdio.h>

int add(int,int); //Function declaration

int main()
{

int a,b,result;

printf("\n Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

result=add(a,b); //Function calling //a, b are actual arguments

printf("\n Sum is:%d",result);

return 0;

//Function definition

int add(int x,int y) //x and y are formal arguments

int sum;

sum=x+y;

return sum;

5) Write a program to calculate factorial of a number using user defined function which
accepts argument and returns value
#include<stdio.h>
long long int factorial(int);
int main()
{
int n;
long long int result;
printf("\n Enter number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
result=factorial(n);
printf("\n Factorial is:%lld",result);
return 0;
}
long long int factorial(int x)
{
long long int fact=1;
int i;
if(x==0)
{
return 1;
}
else
{
 for(i=1;i<=x;i++)
{
fact=fact*i;
}
return fact;
}
}
6) WAP to display the reverse of a number using user defined function.
//When type of user defined function is not specified, then we can write the code with any
one type out of the four types
#include<stdio.h>
void reverse(int);
int main()
{
int n;
printf("\n Enter number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
reverse(n);
return 0;
}
void reverse(int x)
{
int rem,rev=0;
while(x!=0)
{
rem=x%10;
rev=rev*10+rem;
x=x/10;
}
printf("\n Reverse is:%d",rev);
}
7) WAP to check whether the given number is prime or composite using user defined
function
#include<stdio.h>
int prime(int);
int main()
{
int n,result;
printf("\n Enter number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
result=prime(n);
if(result==0)
{
printf("\n Number is prime");
}
else
{
printf("\n Number is composite");
 }
return 0;
}
int prime(int x)
{
int i,status=0;
for(int i=2;i<=x/2;i++)
{
if(x%i==0)
{
status=1;
break;
}
}
return status;
}

Practice questions:

● WAP to display n terms of Fibonacci series using user defined function which accepts
argument and return no value
● WAP to check whether the entered number is palindrome or not using user defined function
● WAP to count total number odd numbers from m to n using user defined function
● WAP to display the largest of three numbers using user defined function
● WAP to swap the values of two variables without temporary variable using user defined
function
● WAP to perform all arithmetic operations using individual user defined functions for every
operation
● WAP to implement area calculator [any 5 shapes], using individual user defined functions for
every area calculation[ Display menu on the screen, and call the user defined functions in
the cases of switch depending upon the choice entered by user]
● WAP to perform the sum of the digits of a number using user defined function
● Design 5 more questions based on user defined functions of your choice and write their
solutions also

Parameter Passing mechanisms/ or Argument Passing techniques/ or

Calling mechanisms in C
Program example 1—Call by value
#include<stdio.h>
void add( int n);
int main()
{
int num = 2;
printf("\n The value of num before calling the function = %d", num);
add(num);
printf("\n The value of num after calling the function = %d", num);
return 0;
 }
void add(int n)
{
n = n + 10;
printf("\n The value of num in the called function = %d", n);
}
Program example 1- Call by Reference

#include<stdio.h>

void add( int *n);

int main()

int num = 2;

printf("\n The value of num before calling the function = %d", num);

add(&num);

printf("\n The value of num after calling the function = %d", num);

return 0;

void add( int *n)

*n = *n + 10;

printf("\n The value of num in the called function = %d", *n);

2) Write a program to swap the values of two variables using call by value and call by reference in
C

Call by value

#include <stdio.h>

void swapByValue(int, int);

int main()

int n1,n2;

printf("\n Enter values of two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&n1,&n2);

swapByValue(n1,n2);
printf("\n Values of variables after swapping in main function are:%d,%d",n1,n2);

void swapByValue(int a, int b)

int t;

t = a;

a = b;

b = t;

printf("\n Values of variables after swapping in function definition are:%d,%d",a,b);

Call by reference

#include <stdio.h>

void swapByReference(int *, int *);

int main()

int n1,n2;

printf("\n Enter two numbers:");

scanf("%d%d",&n1,&n2);

swapByReference(&n1,&n2);

printf("\nValues of variables after swapping in main function are:%d,%d",n1,n2);

void swapByReference(int *a, int *b)

int t;

t = *a;

*a = *b;

*b = t;

printf("\nValues of variables after swapping in function definition are:%d,%d",*a,*b);

Practice questions:
 ● WAP to calculate factorial of a number using call by value and call by reference parameter
passing mechanisms
● WAP to display the reverse of a number using call by value and call by reference parameter
passing mechanisms
● WAP to display the smallest of three numbers using call by reference parameter passing
mechanism
● WAP to check whether the entered number is Armstrong or not using call by value
parameter passing mechanism.

Programs on Recursion and Mathematical functions

1) Write a program to find the factorial of a number using recursion(or
recursive function)

#include <stdio.h>
long long int factorial(int);
int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %lld", n, factorial(n));
return 0;
}
long long int factorial(int n)
{
if (n ==0||n==1)
return 1;
else
return n*factorial(n-1);
}
2) Write a program to find the sum of all numbers from 1 to n using
recursion(or recursive function)
#include <stdio.h>
int addNumbers(int n);
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("Sum = %d",addNumbers(num));
return 0;
}
int addNumbers(int n)
{
if(n == 0)
return n;
else
return n + addNumbers(n-1);
}

3) WAP to display n terms of Fibonacci series using recursion(or recursive

function)
#include<stdio.h>
int Fibonacci(int);
int main()
{
int n, i;
printf("\n Enter number of terms you want to print:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Fibonacci series\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d\n", Fibonacci(i));
}
return 0;
}
int Fibonacci(int n)
{
if ( n == 0 )
return 0;
else if ( n == 1 )
return 1;
else
return ( Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2) );
}
Program example for Mathematical functions

#include<stdio.h>

#include<math.h>

int main()

double x=9.0,y=8.0,z=7.0;
 printf("\nLog value is:%lf",log(x));

printf("\nLog value with base 10 is:%lf",log10(x));

printf("\nExponential value is:%lf",exp(x));

printf("\n Ceil value is:%lf",ceil(8.94));

printf("\n Floor value is:%lf",floor(2.34));

printf("\n Power:%lf",pow(3.0,2.0));

printf("\n Floating absolute is:%lf",fabs(-2.9));

printf("\n Square root value is:%lf",sqrt(9));

printf("\n Sin:%f,cos:%f,tan:%lf",sin(x),cos(y),tan(z));

printf("\n fMod:%f",fmod(2.0,1.5));

return 0;