Crime Among Youths: Index 2.content 3.conclusion 4.references
Crime Among Youths: Index 2.content 3.conclusion 4.references
NAME:RENU KUSHWAHA
ROLL NO:96064
CLASS:FYBMS
SUBJECT:FOUNDATION COURSES ll
INDEX
1.INTRODUCTION
2.CONTENT
3.CONCLUSION
4.REFERENCES
1.INTRODUCTION
Introduction
With the passage of time crime rates are increasing all over the world.
Several factors are
responsible for this increase which relates Economic, Social and Family situatio
ns and problems.
1996, number of crimes reported increased till 1998 after which they started decl
ining.
Figure 1
Total Number of crimes kept on declining till 2001 after which the increasing tre
nd was followed
84606 (18.66%). Although these figures are giving us a picture of crimes in Pakist
an but they are
not the true reflection of the actual crimes because there are various
cases which are not
reported to the police because of different reasons. When some of the victims of
the crimes like
mobile snatching and pick pocketing were interviewed, it was revealed
that majority of the
offenders were young (16‐30) which reflects that youth crime rates are very high
in Pakistan and
for prevention strategies youth are to be targeted. In order to develop the
crime prevention
strategy, we first need to find out the causes of youth crime.
1
2.CONTENT
There is no single root cause of crime. Crime is primarily the outcome of multipl
e adverse social,
economic, cultural and family conditions. To prevent crime it is important
to have an
understanding of its roots1. Causes of crime differ from country to country beca
use of different
cultural, economic and social characteristics.
The causes of crime are primarily related to:
• Economic Situation
• Social Environment
• Family Structures
Economic Situation
The major economic factors that contribute to the crime initiations are Poverty,
Unemployment
and Political Situation.
Poverty and Inequality
Financial crisis due to poverty causes the person to involve in criminal activities
. A poor father
may not be able to educate his children in school and lack of education
may lead to criminal
thinking of a child. Homelessness causes the children to spend most of the time o
n streets
Unemployment
Lack of employment opportunities leads to criminal activities amongst the
unemployed. An
unemployed person needs to run his household by any means and when
he doesn’t find any
legal opportunity to earn; he may get involved in criminal activities to finance hi
s living.
Political Conditions
Due to political uncertainty, sense of insecurity develops in the members
of the society. The
sense in which they become hopeless of there future due to which they get involv
ed in unfair
means of earning.
1 The Root Causes of Crime Web Link: http://www.preventingcrime.net/library/C
auses_of_Crime.pdf
Social Factors
Our social structure mirrors to citizens and communities what we value
and how we set
priorities. Social environment is needed to be studied with respect to
different environmental
scenarios.
The core Social root causes of crime are:
1. Inequality,
2. Not sharing power,
3. Lack of support to families and neighborhoods,
4. Real or perceived inaccessibility to services,
5. Lack of leadership in communities,
6. Low value placed on children and
7.
Individual well‐being, the overexposure to television as a means of recreation.
Social environment is needed to be studied with respect to different social scena
rios2. For this
purpose causes to crime from some of the core parts of the society with
whom the youth
directly belong are separately explained below.
School Environment
Causes related to the school environment are:
• Disruptive Behavior of a child:
• Lack of commitment in school:
Community Environment
Major causes of crime related to community environment are:
• Lack of cohesion in the society
• Disorganization and neglect specially for Youth
Easy availability of drugs
• High population turnover (Number of Children).
• Corruption in the law enforcing agencies
• Weak Law Enforcing Agencies
Family Structures
Youth whose family have one or more characteristics listed below, are more like
ly to be involved
in crime.
• Parents are involved in crime
• Poor parental supervision
•
Their parents neglect them, there is erratic discipline or they are treated harshl
y
• Family income is low or they are isolated
• Family conflict.
• Lack of communication between children and parents.
• Lack of respect and responsibility amongst family members
• Abuse and neglect of children
• Family violence
• Family Breakup
Crime prevention must focus on improvements in all possible areas. In order to
see how can we
develop and implement the crime prevention strategies we need to identify the f
actors that are
actually responsible for the crime so that we can target them in our policy frame
work.
Consequences of Crime
Crime affects people on many levels, often needlessly generating fear and anxiet
y and leading to
ages and older people begin to worry about their personal safety and security. D
ue to this sense
of insecurity, people avoid going for healthy activities like jogging or
sports which hurts the
elderly and the kids most.
Remedies for Youth Crime
In order to formulate the strategy package to fight crime rate, we need to focus o
n the factors
that are leading to these increasing number of crimes. The solution to the
dominant factors
which are responsible for increasing rate of crime in Pakistan are separately dis
cussed below.
Eliminate the corruption
Corruption in the crime control officials (Police) is the main factor in increasing
rate of crime in
Pakistan. People, specially youth, has no fear what so ever in breaking the
laws because they
know that if they get caught, they’ll be released on spot in return of Rs. 50.
Some actions are
taken to minimize the factor of corruption from traffic police for which cameras
were placed in
high profile areas of Karachi but due to the loop holes, the problem is still there.
If this problem
of corruption is eliminated from the Police system, crime rate will fall by 70‐75%
.
Strengthen the Law Enforcing Agencies
In Pakistan, Police seems to have limited authority. There is a need to increase t
he authorities of
police and solve their problems in order to improve their attitude towards work.
As a result, the
control over the offenders will be increased. Most of the offenders do it freely ju
st because they
know that there is no one to catch them. If police arrests 20 or 30
criminals and give them
proper punishment, the other criminals will think twice before doing illegal acts.
While it is understandable that police should call for a tougher stance, especially
when they are
continually dealing with the same offenders, other stakeholders are equally con
vinced that this
will do more harm than good.3
Targeting markets of stolen goods
Goods are stolen generally to sell. There are specific markets where these stolen
goods are sold
specially for electronic items like mobile and laptops. If the markets are
eliminated, the
3 James Cook University Youth Crime in Focus: http://media.jcu.edu.au/story.cfm
?id=81
incentive to steal or rob will decline significantly. As far as the sell of
legal used goods is
concerned, they can be made sellable by showing their purchase receipts.
Youth awareness program for education
In this modern world today there are still many people who cannot recognize the
importance of
education, especially higher education. In addition to the steps to make
higher education
attainable for poor, there is a need of some youth awareness program
that can highlight the
importance of education in youth. Higher education will increase the probability
of the person
to get employed which can reduce the chances of him to involve in crime.
Introduction of technologically advanced security tools
Criminals often know about the loopholes in the anti‐theft security
mechanism such as car
trackers. Technologies used for such tools in developing countries like
Pakistan are old and
criminals are well aware of their weaknesses. In order to make sure that
the tools actually
works, new technologies are needed to be introduced such as GSM based
tracking or Radio
Frequency tracking which is used in South Africa and it is much more
effective than the GPS
system4.
Maintaining the record
Government should maintain record of every individual with his criminal
activities and asset
possession etc, as it is done in developed nations like United Kingdom. All
vehicles should be
registered with active National Identity Cards so that tracking the criminals coul
d be made easy.
With a fear that crime will be registered against his name for a life time, crimina
l will think twice
before committing a crime.
Reducing the drug availability
Availability of dangerous drugs is needed to be curtailed so that fewer people get
access to it. A
drug addicted person cannot work and hence cannot finance his/her drug expens
es as a result
he steals other’s assets and sells them in the market to buy the drugs. Drug mafia
is needed to
4 The Daily Jang, Sunday Magazine page 16 June 22nd 2008
Weblink (Login Required): http://www.jang.net/jm/6‐22‐2008/mag16.asp
3.CONCLUSION
There is no single factor that can be specified as the main cause of criminal behavior. This can
more accurately be found in the way that multiple risk factors clustered together can interact in
the lives of some children, while important protective factors are absent. Moreover, causes of
crime differ from country to country, In western world, causes are directly related to the
environment of the surroundings. These surroundings can be of school, home, neighborhood or
playground. In contrast, causes of youth crime in Pakistan are significantly different from that of
the western world. Here in Pakistan, the first main cause of youth crime is corruption in the law
enforcing agencies, if corruption is eliminated; the major part of the problem will be solved.
After identification of the root causes of crime in Pakistan, the remedial measures to control the
criminal activities must revolve around those identified causes. These remedial measures
include mainly the solution to the following problems, Corruption in law enforcing agencies, lack
of authorities given to the agencies, unsolved issues of the agencies (like salary increment and
provision of modern tools), technological backwardness in context of security tools, poverty and
unemployment. Priority wise solution of the problems is the key to success. If the above
mentioned remedial measures are taken into account, significant decrease in crime can be
achieved.
4.REFERENCES
https://www.ijarnd.com/manuscripts/v3i7/V3I7-1191.pdf
https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/501/economics/advantages-of-privatisation/