CHAPTER 6: Sujata

DIAGRAMMATIC
PRESENTATION OF
DATA
BAR DIAGRAMS AND PIE
DIAGRAMS

Part of Unit 2: Collection, Organisation

and Presentation of Data

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 Sujata

What are the different types of diagrammatic presentation of data generally adopted?
Diagrammatic presentation is generally
classified into following three types -
Types of
Diagrammatic
Presentation

Arithmetic
Geometric Frequency Line-Graphs or
Form Diagrams Time Series
Graphs

Bar Diagrams Pie Diagrams Histogram Polygon Ogive

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 Sujata
Define Bar Diagrams. What are the features of bar diagrams? Explain and illustrate
with proper examples the various types of bar diagrams.

Bar diagrams are those diagrams in which data are presented

in the form of bars or rectangles. Bars are also called columns.

General Features of a bar diagram:

1. The length or height of the bars differs according
to different values of the variable (in other words,
length may be more or less, but the other
dimension or breadth remains the same) 4. Data should be presented to form bars in
the ascending or descending order
2. Bars may be either vertical or (unless the data itself has some specific
horizontal. (Usually, however they different order)
are used in their vertical form)
3. Bars are equidistant from 5. Bars may be shaded with different
each other colours or hatched in different patterns
to make them more presentable,
attractive and informative

The five types of bar diagrams are listed below followed by 11/21/2020 3
explanation of each of them through illustrative examples
SUJATA.ECONOMICS
 Simple bar diagrams are those diagrams Sujata
Simple Bar
Diagrams which are used on a single set of numerical
data

Multiple Bar Multiple bar diagrams are those diagrams which two or
Diagrams more sets of numerical data simultaneously

Component Bar
Types of Bar Diagrams
Component or sub-divided bar diagrams are those
diagrams which simultaneously present, total values as well
Diagrams (subdivided bar diagrams or
differential bar diagrams) as part values of a set of data

Percentage Bar Percentage bar diagrams are those diagrams which show
Diagrams simultaneously different parts of the values of a set of data
in terms of percentages

Deviation Bar Deviation bar diagrams are used to compare the net
Diagrams deviation of related variables with respect to time and
location

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 Sujata
Illustration for a simple bar diagram: Let us say we have the following data regarding the
turnover of a multi-national company named ABC since its inception in 2010, which is
required to be presented to Board of Directors of the company:
Year 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Turnover
50 52 55 59 62 64 66 68 72 75
(₹) Crores

Annual Turnover of ABC Annual Turnover of ABC

80 75
72 2019-20 75
68
70 66
Turnover (in millions of ₹ Crores)

62 64 2018-19 72
59
60 55 2017-18 68
52
50
2016-17 66

Financial Year
50
2015-16 64
40
2014-15 62
30
2013-14 59
20 2012-13 55

10 2011-12 52
2010-11 50
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Financial Year Turnover (in millions of ₹ Crores)

VERTICAL BAR DIAGRAM HORIZONTAL BAR 11/21/2020 5

DIAGRAM
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 Illustration for a multiple bar diagram: Let us say that in the previous example, Sujata
we also have the data regarding the turnover of the closest competitor of the
MNC, which is to be presented simultaneously. Let us assume the name of the
company is ABC, while the name of the competitor firm is XYZ
Year Firm 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019-
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Turnover ABC 50 52 55 59 62 64 66 68 72 75
(₹) Crores XYZ 68 69 70 72 75 77 77 78 80 82

Comparative Turnover Year-on-Year

90
80 82
77 77 78
80 75 75
70 72 72
68 69 68
70 64 66
62
Amount in ₹ Crores

59
60 55
50 52
50

40 MULTIPLE BAR
30
DIAGRAM
20

10

0
Year 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Financial Year
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ABC XYZ

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 Illustration for a component or sub-divided bar diagram: Let us say that in the previous Sujata
example, our firm ABC has two major business interests: (i)Real Estate and (ii)Consultancy
and the break-up of its annual turnover business-wise is available as shown. This data can be
presented clearly with the help of a component or sub-divided bar diagram as follows:
Year Firm 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019-
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Turnover Real
35 35 35 39 40 40 42 44 46 48
of ABC (₹) estate
Crores Consul
15 17 20 20 22 24 24 24 26 27
tancy
Annual Turnover
80

70
Amount in Million ₹ Crores

60 27
26
24 24
50 22 24
COMPONENT or 40 15 17 20
20

SUB-DIVIDED BAR 30
DIAGRAM 20 39 40 40 42 44 46 48
35 35 35
10

0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Financial Year 11/21/2020 7

ABC Real Estate ABC Consultancy

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