G 3rd order and

higher DEs Sg 3.1.53.3 in book

Linear DE
of order n

and an sexy a Cx a
y t y Ny Glx
IVP nth order DE
prescribe yixo y exo Y Xo
m Ies y o
The general sol'm of a nth order homogeneous DE
4
next
y y t a t ask y a x y
an o

id C
Y lx Czyz x t Cnynfx
y x
where ya ya yn are linearly independent solution
and er er an arbitrary constants
tow to check that Doe'm are lin independent

Y 42 Ya
Let called the
wax E Y's y
Wronakian

y yi y nan
determinant
solutions ya Ya a
yn are lin indep on an

interval I Cir if and

only if Wix 0
for XeI

Ex Consider y 2y ty O

y I Ya ex y yet are soen's

Y 42 Y L e xox
Wix
Gt y y t o e extxex
Yi y y O e Zextxe
cofactor expansion down the first column

th ex extxe
C 1 c to to
ex zexixe

Ze Xx get_xeF e 0 XER

Ya Ya y are lin indep

in the general solution
in
y s ca ere t c xet

mi
i i
ai i 1,2 n ane constants

seek soe'm of the form y em

DE Din m t an M t a ota m due to

auxiliary ex'n polynomial of

degree n
A root m a has K if Cm as
multiplicity
in the factorization of the
appears polynomial
Then K
linearly independent nothin must be
btained in connection with soot m a

by to make enough socks

Keep multiplying x
to match the
multiplicity
 Ex Suppose the aux eg'm of a 8th order DE
factors as M 1 m 273 m2113 0

roots met
multiplicity is s
m 2
multiplicity is 3

Mitt o W 1 m ti
met mi en mi i i
152 ÉEs
M
m innit p
9 0 113 1
7 It item it eoxcosca x examiners x cost minx
n
É
general soon
c e t czextezxextcyxextcscosxtcgminxtczxcosxtcgXD.int
from me 1 gm.se t
emntromm
note the no of c's in not'm must always
the order of the DE
equal
Ex Solve o
y y
m3 1 0 7 M 1 mhm 17 0

M 1 0 m I
met men to

4
me
11112 121 Bei a k 13
1
gen soe'm
y get get cos Bax as ÉÉinBx