UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AIR ROASTING AND GRINDING

PEANUT MACHINE FOR
MABLEA FOOD PRODUCERS

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT
IPE – INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY:

DELOS ANGELES, RENE LUIS A.

1200050
PORTILLANO, ISABEL MAICA C.
1802569
MEDALLION, JAY TRISTAN I.
1902950
DIMAYUGA, ANTHONETTE
1802576
DITAN, VAL RUCEL P.
1600641

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. KELVIN M. MARANAN, ME
INSTRUCTOR

DATE
DECEMBER 2022

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 I. ABSTRACT

In this study the researchers will make a machine that can be used to

improve the production of MABLEA Peanut Products. This machine highly

develops the way of production through the process of air roasting and grinding. It

provides better quality of output together with a highly efficient way of use. Through

this, it helps the user to roast and grind peanut kernels easily since the machine

combines both processes into one because of this the user or beneficiaries will

feel more convenient on using it.

II. INTRODUCTION

Peanut is one of the most important oil and protein producing crops in the

world. Most peanuts grown in the world are used for oil production, peanut butter,

confectionaries, roasted peanuts and snack products, extenders in meat product

formulations, soups and desserts. Being a source of good fat namely poly and

monounsaturated fatty acids, they are also used in weight management diets as

they provide satiety. The substantial amounts of by-products are generated in the

process of peanut harvest and peanut oil extraction. A large portion of peanut

meals, skins, hulls, and vines is regarded as agricultural wastes. With respect to

its high nutritive value especially being an excellent source of protein it can also

be incorporated in many food preparations as supplementary food and emergency

foods which can be supplied to populations suffering from hunger and malnutrition

especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Peanut is an important crop grown worldwide. Commercially it is used mainly for

oil production but apart from oil, the by-products of peanut contain many other functional

compounds like proteins, fibers, polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which

can be added as a functional ingredient into many processed foods. Recently it has also

been revealed that peanuts are an excellent source of compounds like resveratrol,

phenolic acids, flavonoids and phytosterols that block the absorption of cholesterol from

diet. It is also a good source of Coenzyme Q10 and contains all the 20 amino acids with

the highest amount of arginine. These bioactive compounds have been recognized for

having disease preventive properties and are thought to promote longevity. The

processing methods like roasting and boiling have shown an increase in the concentration

of these bioactive compounds.

Statement of the Problem

Earlier, many researchers focused on the investigation of producing and utilizing

edible oil and kernels. Since very little attention was given to the other by-products of

peanut processing, at present, researches are carried out to improve the utilization of

other by-products other than oil and raw kernel as are proved to be having important

nutritional and health benefits. This paper briefly describes various peanut by-products

produced. Materials, processing, and potential applications in food manufacture of

emerging materials, as are also briefly discussed.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Objectives of the Study

The main intention of this study is to design, develop and evaluate peanut kernels

machine that vastly improve the production capabilities of entrepreneurs especially

MABLEA Food Producers, specifically the study aims to:

1. To design a Peanut kernel grinding machine. Focusing on the following design

aspects:

a.) Conceptual Design

b.) Computational Design

c.) Material Selection

d.) Bill materials

2. To simulate the design of Air Roasting and Grinding Peanut Machine for

MABLEA Food Producers.

3. To develop a peanut kernels grinding machine that is easy to operate.

4. To evaluate the performance of the machine in terms of:

a.) The grinding rate of the machine

b.) The efficiency of the machine

c.) The peanut kernels quality as a result of the process.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 5. To implement the use of Air Roasting and Grinding Peanut Machine for

MABLEA Food Producers that will validate the following

a.) Reliability
b.)Effectiveness

Scope of the Study

This study entitled “Design and Development of Air Roasting and Grinding Peanut

Machine for MABLEA Food Producers” focuses on designing and developing a peanut

grinding machine. The researchers will apply basic principles of machine design,

machine elements and machine shop theory. Then it will be put into the grinding and

roasting section, where the production of peanut powder will happen.

The proposed system is limited only to the grinding and roasting of peanut

kernels. Some calculations, assumptions, and selections were made as a consideration

of a proper and realistic design. The aim of this research is to find appropriate

knowledge to make recommendations for future work, so related literature and studies

are an important part of it.

This study uses the method of developmental research. The researchers used

developmental research because this study involves situations in which the product-

development process is analyzed and described, and the final product is evaluated.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 This study will comprise the preliminary testing to obtain the necessary data in

evaluating the performance of this machine. The different parameters that include the

grinding rate of the machine, as well as the efficiency of the machine. In addition, this

will also cover the actual performance testing of the machine and will determine the

possible errors on the system components and the performance of the fabricated

prototype.

III. DESIGN PROCEDURE

Design Procedure
The proposal project will be designed to save the energy and time of the locals of

the Mabini farmers in making peanut powder for their products. Through this, we can

attain an efficient way of producing peanut powder made from the peanut beans. The

researcher used their skills and knowledge attained from reliable resources to provide a

unit that is affordable for more consumers.

Phase 1: Design

Step 1: Determine the process of grinding and roasting

In order to achieve the desired outcome for this project, it is necessary to determine

the process that will undergo in the machine. Considering a different set of procedures,

will provide ideas and will keep the researchers guided accordingly. In addition, the

researchers conducted meetings to identify the problems that may occur if there are some

processes that are not present. This step will be the foundation of the project because it

will provide all the processes from the design and construction,

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
knowing the materials needed, providing necessary calculations, the cost of all the

parameters required and the assembly.

Step 2: Determine each process's criteria, considerations, and requirements.

To be able to create a good quality and functioning machine, it is required to know

the criteria, considerations, as well as the requirements. It will have a very important part

for the machine, because it depends on whether the machine will function or not.

Considering different aspects on how will make this machine produce the desired output

and outcome. Using studies found on the internet websites and articles such as Science

Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar.

Step 3: Select proper components based on design calculations and costs.

This step includes the proper selection of components, design calculations and costs

for the machine. A great design may fail if unable to find the most appropriate material

combinations so it is very important to consider this. The design calculations also in order

for the machine to work properly. Also, the researchers will consider the cost of each part

that will build up the machine, considering its quality and prices.

Phase 2: Simulation

Step 4: Choose the best software to simulate the design

To visualize the machine, it is necessary to use the best software for the project.

The researchers decided to use Auto Desk Inventor for the simulation of the project. Auto

Desk Inventor is similar to AutoCAD, the two software create precise 2D and 3D

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
models. Autodesk Inventor is a parametric, feature-based system that allows you to

create 3D parts, assemblies, and 2D drawings. Parametric modeling is a bit different from

modeling in AutoCAD, which is object driven. In a parametric modeler, everything is

controlled by either parameters, dimensions, or relationships.

Step 5: Create a 3D design of the machine on the chosen software

The simulation of the machine will start by creating a 2D design. Parameters such

as length, size and other dimensions of the materials and components that will be used

are important in creating the design. After finishing the 2D design, it will be followed by

creating a 3D version to fully understand the depth of the components which also allows

for clearer visuals that is essential for the completion of the project. The researchers will

use Inventor to visualize the 3D model of the machine.

Step 6: Apply animation on the design to visualize how it will be developed.

After finishing the 3D model of each component of the machine, the next step is to

assemble the components together with the use of the chosen software in order to

complete the machine. By doing so, it helps identify the component that must be adjusted

and/or to know the solutions for the problem that may arise during the fabrication. This is

a fundamental step in order to create an efficient machine and to avoid problems in the

fabrication process.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Phase 3: Development

Step 7: As the project progresses the fabricator is being monitored in every way

till it is completed.

In order to have updates and progress about the machine. The researchers will
often visit the site where the machine is being fabricated. It is important to monitor the
progress of the machine so that it will be finished on time and to avoid delay fabrication.
Also, to check if the fabricator follows the design parameters made and given by the
researchers.

Step 8: The parts must be complete without unnecessary improvised materials.

The materials will be provided accordingly and no improvised materials will be

included. The quantity and also the quality of the chosen materials will be checked before

assembling and to make sure that the machine will work properly and efficiently.

Step 9: Sizes and Dimensions should be accurate according to the print.

In this step the required parameters such as sizes and dimensions should be

followed by the fabricator. It is a very important stage because it depends on this stage

whether the machine will work or not. The computed parameters by the researchers as

well as the major process that will undergo in the machine.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Phase 4: Evaluation

Step 10: In roasting, the time elapse will be recorded according to the machine’s

performance.

Development time is when the wanted aroma compounds are developing. If we

do not slow down the roast at development stage, we easily get peanut that is smoky

tasting and the flavor is too sharp.

There is no specific formula to determine optimum roasting time and temperature

across the board: beans of different size, variety and origin require a unique roasting

profile to achieve the desired end results. It is at this stage where the manufacturer begins

to place an individual stamp on the finished product.

Typical peanut roasting temperatures range from 300°C up to 350°C, with the

roasting process lasting between 15-20 minutes. Other variables such as a cold or hot

start and temperature adjustments during the process are influenced by the inherent

characteristics of the beans and the particular style of the manufacturer.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Computational Analysis

Step 11: In grinding, the rate will be recorded according to the machine’s performance.

The synergetic relationship between roasting, grinding and stabilization processes

and corresponding physiochemical changes and their influence on peanut butter color,

flavor, texture, storage stability, shelf life, and overall consumer product acceptance is

discussed. Potential of promising novel technologies like infrared, microwave roasting,

and some novel peanut butter stabilization methods is evaluated. Quality of peanut butter

is by far determined by temperature–time profile used in roasting, fineness of grind,

type(s) and amount of added ingredients. The synergistic relationships between

production technical aspects and resultant quality of peanut butter are more complex than

what is usually assumed. Grinding breaks down the particles to the right size to achieve

the desired levels of those attributes.

Input

𝐶𝑖 = 𝑊𝑟𝑐/𝑇𝑖

where: Ci is the input capacity (kg/h)

Wrc is the weight of dry peanut or roasted peanut bean (kg)

Ti is the input time (h)

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Output

𝐶𝑜 = 𝑊𝑐𝑛/𝑇𝑜

where: Co is the output capacity (kg/h)

Wcn is the total weight of peanut nibs (kg)

To is the output time (h)

Step 12: Considering all parameters of the machine, the efficiency and quality will be

identified.

Through this the researchers can decide whether the machine has its utmost

efficiency and quality that the machine can produce. This can also gives the information

that helps to identify the possible adjustments such as sizes, weight, height etc. of the

machine that needs change to make a better performance.

Phase 5: Implementation

Step 13: Using interview the researchers will gather data and comments from the

beneficiaries.

The researches may comply questions for the interview on how the machine

performs according to the individuals and and take hold of the comments that may be

given either it’s negative or positive depending on the outcome performance of the

machine at use.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Step 14: The gathered information must be contemplated based on the results.

Information that have been gathered must be taken seriously that may lead to

sudden changes for the machine and suggestion is also considered on how to improve

the machine’s performance. This may lead to foremost decisions on which information

that may possible be disregarded.

Step 15: By examining, the results must be profoundly finalized or concluded

Through crucial decisions the adjustments must be establish in the most significant

form of the machine that produces the best performance that can convince the

researcher’s target that the machine may benefit the tablea producers in the most efficient

and methodological ways.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Conceptual Framework

Phase 1: Design,
Phase 2: Phase 3:
Requirements
Simulation Development
and Parameters

As the project
Determine the progresses the
process of grinding Choose the best
fabricator is being
and roasting software to simulate the
monitored in every
design
way till it is
completed

Determine each
Create a 3D design of
Process's criteria, The parts must be
the machine on the
considerations, and complete without
chosen software
requirements. unnecessary
improvised materials

Select proper
components based Apply animation on the
Sizes and Dimensions
on design design to visualize how should be accurate
calculations and it will be develop. according to the print
costs.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Phase 4: Phase 5:
Evaluation Implementation

In roasting, the time Using interview the

elapse will be researchers will
recorded according gather data and
to the machine’s comments from the
performance beneficiaries

In grinding, the rate The gathered

will be recorded information must be
according to the contemplated based
machine’s on the results
performance

Considering all the By examining, the

calculations of the results must be
machine, the profoundly finalized
efficiency and quality or concluded
will be identified

As shown in the Conceptual Framework it illustrates the activity breakdown into

sequential linear phases that are necessary to achieve the study's objectives.

The first phase contains the determination of the process of grinding related

parameters, process criteria, considerations, and requirements that can be used by the

researchers as the foundation of the study. Furthermore, it shows the determination of

suitable materials, components quality, and calculation of the cost of materials needed to

consider the best appropriate components depending on the design and pricing.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 The second phase is simulation, where the machine is created and animated using

a software called AutoDesk Inventor. Simulation is a tool that allows users to complete

and visualize tasks like simulating a model on a computer rather than performing an

expensive test, saving time & expense measuring a broad range of scenarios and

theories before arriving at a conclusion; and expanding their creative thinking to take into

account novel design concepts.

The third phase is development, where the machine is created using the materials

provided by the researchers. All of the specifications on the print should be followed. The

parts must be complete without any unnecessary improvised materials. Any damage or

defect must be fixed by the fabricator.

The fourth phase is where the prototype is being evaluated through testing of the

prototype. Assessing the performance of the machine and fixing the errors of the machine

to improve its performance. The results of the testing will be gathered by the researchers.

The fifth phase is where the machine will be implemented to the people in MABLEA. The

researchers will interview the people about their experience using the machine. As well

as their comments and suggestions about it. The results will be a great help to the

researchers on how they will improve the machine. (Sons, 2022)

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Proposed design of System/Machine

Figure 1

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 Figure 2

Machine Process

The way the machine works is that it has 3 main components which is the roaster,

mixer and the grinder, the product which is the peanut will be put inside the roaster in

which it will be air fried/roast which is more efficient specially in time consumption than

the normal/traditional process which is deep frying the peanut until its cooked. the next

process after the roasting is the grinding process, here the roasted peanut will be grinded

and the time it takes to grind the product depends on the operator, up until the powder is

grinded precisely.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
 IV. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

BILL OF MATERIALS

NAME DESCRIPTION Price

Uses to heat the surfaces

inside, it serves as the roasting
Heating Coils part. Php194.00

Also, part of the roasting

Fan/Blower process. Php1,035.58

Uses to generates the

Motor rotational or linear force used Php2,800
to power the machine.

Valve Php222.05

Grinder
Uses for the grinding process.
Php1656.73

Mixer Php1,699

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Comparison

Existing

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
Proposed

Pros:

• Guaranteed product freshness and quality

• Saves money from purchasing peanut kernel instead of roasted beans

• Diversifies the revenue stream by selling peanut kernel to both direct and wholesale

customers

• Keeps customers interested and keen to learn more

• Adds more personality to the menu and packaging to improve overall image

• An opportunity to promote the brand more broadly

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
V. CONCLUSION

Peanuts and roasted peanuts provide more protein than any other nut. Peanuts

are also nutrient dense and provide a balance of nutrients including fiber, potassium,

vitamin E, thiamin, magnesium and healthy fats. Air Roasting and Grinding Peanut

machine fits for low temperature drying and high temperature roasted nut and other

seed products.

The MABLEA Food Producers are thinking of taking the next step, roasting and

grinding their own refined peanut kernel . These shops usually have their own specialty

kernel that they wish to showcase in addition to the finished product. Or they are artisan

shops that wish to start selling their own specialty peanut kernel with an in-house

peanut roaster and grinder.

Incorporating a peanut roasting and grinding machine to a tablea and peanut

based shop can be a huge step and requires a significant investment in terms of time,

cost, and training. However, it also enables you to launch your own brand, engage with

your customers more and earn their loyalty, increase your revenue as well as market

presence. Rising number of cafes and restaurants serving MABLEA products are

expected to contribute well in the growing demand for peanut roaster and grinder

machine. Furthermore, increasing spending capacity of the consumers and the per

capita coffee consumption is another factor that is likely to influence the growth of the

peanut roaster and grinder machine market. Consumptions of peanut-based goods with

varied flavors have convinced the manufacturers to come up with innovative products to cater

the growing demand among consumer.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
VI. REFERENCES

“Abstract of Peanut Processing and Its Potential Food Applications”,

https://www.ijsr.net/get_abstract.php?paper_id=SUB156042, Bindhya Dhanesh T | Anita
Kochhar, (June 2015)

“Peanuts as functional food: A Review”,

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26787930/, Shalini S Arya, Akshata R Salve , S
Chauhan, (September 2019)

From institute of Food Science & Technology:

https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfpp.16430
Sons, J. W. (2022).

From The Spruce Eats:

https://www.thespruceeats.com/oven-roasted-peanuts-4172872
Meridith, d. (2022, june 30).

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL . From Agricultural Machinery- Cacao Huller- Methods :

https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PNS-BAFS-PAES-
254_2018-Cacao-Huller-Methods-of-Test.pdf Group, T. W. (2016).

Tasarım, M. (n.d.). Retrieved December 22, 2022, from

https://www.ekoroast.com/blog/peanut-roasting-machine

Tasarim, M. (n.d.). Single-belt roasting oven: single conveyor belt roasting ovens – eko
– 190: Ekoroast. Retrieved December, from
https://www.ekoroast.com/Single-Belt-Roasting-Oven-Single-Conveyor-Belt-Roasting-
Ovens-72-65

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph