Heaven Macapagal

BTLED IA
ASSIGNMENT # 1

1. What does PEC stand for?

 PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE
2. What is the purpose of PEC?

 PEC covers the general requirements installation, examination, approval and use of
electrical wirings and conductors. Also PEC purpose is to minimize the risk of electricity as a
source of shock and as a potential ignition source of fires and explosions.
3. What are six covers of article 110-Requirement for electrical installation.
 The six covers the general requirements for the examination and
approval, installation and use, access to, and spaces about
electrical equipment.
4. Define “Equipment” based in the PEC.
 A general term including material, fittings, devices, appliances,
luminaires (fixtures), apparatus, and the like used as a part of, or in
connection with, an electrical installation.
5. What are the 8 considerations in evaluating equipment?
 Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the provisions of this Code
 Mechanical strength and durability, including, for parts designed to enclose and protect
other equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided
 Wire-bending and connection space
 Electrical insulation
 Heating effects under normal conditions of use and also under abnormal conditions likely to
arise in service
 Arcing effects
 Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, and specific use
 Other factors that contribute to the practical safeguarding of persons using or likely to come
in contact with the equipment

6. Why listed or labeled equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with any
instructions included in the listing or labeling.
 According to Section 1.10.1.3(B) does not require listing or labeling of equipment, however,
 it requires considerable evaluation of equipment. Section 1.10.1.2 requires that equipment
be acceptable only if  approved. The term  approved  is defined in Article 1.1 as acceptable
to the authority having jurisdiction. Before issuing an approval, the authority having
jurisdiction may require evidence of compliance with Section 1.10.1.3 (A). The most
common form of evidence considered acceptable by authorities having jurisdiction is a
listing or labeling by a third party.
7. What do you mean by this statement in PEC "The voltage rating of electrical equipment shall
not be less than the nominal voltage of a circuit to which it is connected"?
 The electrical equipment should not be lower than the nominal voltage where it is connected
because there may be a fault circuit or equipment. There may be a short circuit or worse
damage to the electrical equipment. This is necessary to avoid risk and hazard in the
connection
8. What article number saying this statement "Where the conductor material is not specified,
the material and the sizes given in this Code shall apply to copper conductors"
 Article 1.10.1.5 Conductors
9. Conductor sizes are expressed in ____________ for stranded or in ___________ for solid.
 Circular Mills & American Wire Gauge (AWG)
10. In your OWN WORDS explain "Insulation Integrity"
 The insulation integrity is that the cables completed by this installation must be far
away from possible short circuit, ground fault.
11. What wiring method shall be used for two story building?
 Raceway Wiring Method
12. Explain this statement "equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels shall have an
interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit voltage and the current that is available
at the line terminals of the equipment"
 there is equipment intended for the interruption of current at fault levels and this shall
have a sufficient interrupting rating for the nominal circuit voltage and that current will be
available in the line terminals of the equipment.
13. What article stating "Listed products applied in accordance with their listing shall be
considered to meet the requirements of this section"
 Article 1.10.1.10 Circuit Impedance and Other Characteristics
14. Why no conductors or equipment shall be located in damp or wet locations; where exposed
to gases, fumes, vapors, liquids, or other agents that have a deteriorating effect on the
conductors or equipment; or where exposed to excessive temperatures. Explain in Tagalog.
 Kailangan hindi nakalabas ang mga electrical equipment na maaring maexpose sa gases,
fumes, vapors at iba pa. Dahil maari ito madamage at magkaroon ng problema tulad ng
magkaroon ng mga hazard dahil sa damaged equipment. Kaya kailangan nakalagay ito sa
mga dry locations at protektado upang maiwasan ang anumang hazards.
15. What identification of equipment shall be protected against permanent damage from
the weather during building construction.
 equipment identified only for indoor use, such as "dry locations," indoor use only," "damp
locations," or enclosure Types 1, 2, 5, 12, 12K, and/or 13.
16. Give all the examples of Unused Openings.
 boxes, raceways, auxiliary gutters, cabinets, cutout boxes, meter socket enclosures,
equipment cases, or housings.
17. Explain in Tagalog “Where metallic plugs or plates are used with nonmetallic enclosures,
they shall be recessed at least 6 mm from the outer surface of the enclosure”

 Ang mga metal plugs at plates ay ginagamit kasama ang mga may nonmetallic
enclosure. Ang mga metal plugs at plates ay dapat nakatago o nakabaon sa loob ng
enclosure na may sukat na 6mm mula sa surface ng enclosure.
18. What do you mean by this statement "Conductors shall be racked to provide ready and safe
access in underground and subsurface enclosures into which persons enter for installation
and maintenance"
 Conductors must have safety access to the underground and subsurface for people to
conduct installation and maintenance.
19. What are the foreign materials that may damage or contaminate internal parts of
electrical equipment.
 paint, plaster, cleaners, abrasives, or corrosive residues
20. What should not drive into holes in masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar materials shall not
be used.
 Wooden Plugs
21. Why Electrical equipment should be provided with ventilating openings
  Electrical equipment that depends on the natural circulation of air and convection
principles for cooling of exposed surfaces shall be installed so that room airflow over
such surfaces is not prevented by walls or by adjacent installed equipment .
22. Conductors of dissimilar metals shall not be intermixed in a terminal or splicing
connector.
 copper and aluminum, copper and copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum and copper-
clad aluminum.
23. Give examples of connection by means of pressure.
 set-screw type, solder lugs, or splices to flexible leads .
24. Connection by means of wire-binding screws or studs and nuts that have upturned lugs or
the equivalent shall be permitted for ___________ or smaller conductors.
a. 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.)
 10 AWG (American Wire Gauge)
25. Explain this statement in tagalog "all splices and joints and the free ends of conductors shall
be covered with an insulation equivalent to that of the conductors or with an insulating
device identified for the purpose".
 Ang bawat splices at joints at ang mga free ends ng conductors ay kinakailangang
nakacover ng insulation na kaequivalent ng mga insulation ng mga conductors.

26. What is the requirement of 1.10.2.2(a)(2) or 1.10.3.2(b)(1) about Guarding?

 The requirement of 1.10.2.2(a)(2) is “live parts of electrical equipment operating at 50 volts
or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by approved enclosures or by any of the
following means.” And for the 1.10.3.2(b)(1) is “metal-enclosed switchgear, unit
substations, transformers, pull boxes, connection boxes, and other similar associated
equipment shall be marked with appropriate caution signs.”
27. Where should the ventilation must be provided wherever practicable?
 Electrical equipment provided with ventilating openings shall be installed so that walls or
other obstructions do not prevent the free circulation of air through the equipment .
28. What do you mean by this statement "if applicable, access openings for personnel shall
be arranged? Explain in Tagalog.
  Ang mga personnel ay maaring iayos ang mga access openings kung applicable ito. Upang
mas mapadali at maging ligtas ang mga personnel na gagawa sa mga electrical
connections or equipments.

29. Where is the good location of Access openings for personnel?

 Access openings for personnel shall be located where they are not directly above electrical
equipment or conductors in the enclosure. Other openings shall be permitted over
equipment to facilitate installation, maintenance, or replacement of equipment.

30. What is the dimension of rectangular access openings?

 Rectangular access openings shall not be less than 650 mm _ 550 mm (26 in. _ 22 in.).
31. What are the considerations in Bending Space for Conductors?
 Bending space at terminals shall be measured in a straight line from the end of the lug or
wire connector in a direction perpendicular to the enclosure wall. For removable and lay-in
wire terminals intended for only one wire, bending space shall be permitted to be reduced
by the permitted measurements. All conductors shall be cabled, racked up, or arranged in an
approved manner that provides ready and safe access for persons to enter for installation
and maintenance.
32. Where electric equipment with live parts that is likely to require examination, adjustment,
servicing, or maintenance while energized is installed in a manhole, vault, or other enclosure
designed for personnel access, the work space and associated requirements in 1.10.2.1. True
or False?

 TRUE
33. What is "A clear work space"?
 Working space required by this section shall not be used for storage. When normally
enclosed live parts are exposed for inspection or servicing, the working space, if in a
passageway or general open space, shall be suitably guarded
34. What shall be installed within sight of each transformer or motor location for
disconnecting the transformer or motor?

 A switch or circuit breaker

35. What will you do in the Energized Parts?
 Bare terminals of transformers, switches, motor controllers, and other equipment shall be
 enclosed to prevent accidental contact with energized parts.
36. What shall be shall be permitted to be insulated or bare?

 Service-entrance conductors entering or on the exterior of buildings or other structures shall

be insulated.
37. What will you do all all non–current-carrying metal parts of electric equipment and all
metal raceways and cable sheaths?

 It shall be solidly grounded and bonded to all metal pipes and rails at the portal and at
intervals not exceeding 300 m (1000 ft) throughout the tunnel.
38. What shall be hall be installed in metal conduit or other metal raceway, Type MC cable, or
other approved multi-conductor cable?
 High-voltage conductors in tunnels
39. What shall be hall be supported in a manner designed to prevent physical damage to the
braid or sheath?
 Exposed runs of insulated wires and cables having a bare lead sheath or a braided outer
covering
40. What is the elevation of unguarded live parts having a voltage rating of 7,501–35,000
V?
 2.9 meters or 9 ft. and 6 in.
41. What shall not be located in the vicinity of the service equipment, metal-enclosed
power switchgear, or industrial control assemblies.
 Pipes or ducts
42. What is the importance of Illumination?
 The importance of illumination is to give lights to see the live wires so the person changing
lamps or making repairs on the lighting system are not endangered by the live parts or other
equipment.
43. Explain the different conditions in minimum depth of clear Working space at
electrical equipment.

 It requires a clear space at least 30 inches wide and 36 inches deep if the
equipment is likely to be worked on while energized.
44. What should be provided to give safe access to the working space around electric
equipment installed on platforms, balconies, or mezzanine floors or in attic or roof rooms or
spaces.
 Permanent ladders or stairways
45. Explain "Enclosed Equipment Accessible to Unqualified Person"
 The "Enclosed Equipment Accessible to Unqualified Person" is the storage room or room
who are permitted the unqualified persons to enter and access the electrical equipment.

46. Discuss this statement " In Places Accessible to Unqualified Persons. Outdoor electrical
installations that are open to unqualified persons shall comply with Parts 2.25.1, 2.25.2,
and 2.25.3."
 areas that are accessible to unqualified persons or outdoor electrical installations,
unqualified personnel must comply with the rules set forth in the PEC in parts 2.25.1,
2.25.2, and 2.25.3."
47. Justify this statement "Entrances to rooms and other guarded locations that contain
exposed live parts shall be marked with conspicuous warning signs forbidding unqualified
persons to enter"
 The entrances to rooms and other areas that have exposed live parts, the electrical wires
or equipment must have a mark or warning signs that will prohibit unqualified persons
from approaching those areas. In order to avoid hazards that can hurt and harm people
who are close to the exposed live parts. We can minimize the possible hazard if there are
warning signs and marks on each live part.
48. Explain why live parts of electrical equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be
guarded against accidental contact by approved enclosures?
 A minor shock may cause a large injury if a surprised worker takes a fall. To avoid the
risk of accidental shock, live electrical components operating at 50 volts or more must
be guarded with covers or other permanent barriers to prevent accidental contact by
workers and their tools.
49. Suspended ceilings with removable panels shall be permitted within the ______ zone.
 1 800 mm