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Verification of Norton Theorem

This experiment aims to verify Norton's theorem by replacing DC circuits with a current source and parallel resistance. Measurements show the Norton resistance is 3.2kΩ and the Norton current is -2.13mA, which match the calculated values. This confirms that Norton's theorem allows complex circuits to be simplified while producing the same load current and voltage. Replacing circuits with their Norton equivalent provides a quicker analysis method than analyzing the original circuit in each case.

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Imam Mehedi Hasan
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51 views3 pages

Verification of Norton Theorem

This experiment aims to verify Norton's theorem by replacing DC circuits with a current source and parallel resistance. Measurements show the Norton resistance is 3.2kΩ and the Norton current is -2.13mA, which match the calculated values. This confirms that Norton's theorem allows complex circuits to be simplified while producing the same load current and voltage. Replacing circuits with their Norton equivalent provides a quicker analysis method than analyzing the original circuit in each case.

Uploaded by

Imam Mehedi Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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1

EXPERIMENT NAME : Verification of Norton theorem.

OBJECTIVE : The objective of this exercise is to examine the use of Norton’s Theorem to
create simpler versions of DC circuits as an aide to analysis. Multiple methods of
experimentally obtaining the Norton’s resistance will be explored.

THEORY : Norton’s Theorem for DC circuits states that any two port linear network may be
replaced by a single Current source with an appropriate internal resistance. The Norton
equivalent will produce the same load current and voltage as the original circuit to any load.
Consequently, if many different loads or sub- circuits are under consideration, using a Noroton
equivalent may prove to be a quicker analysis route than “reinventing the wheel” each time.

The Norotn current is found by determining the short circuit output current. The Norton
resistance is found by replacing any DC sources with their internal resistances and determining
the resulting combined resistance as seen from the two ports using standard series-parallel
analysis techniques. In the laboratory, the Noroton resistance may be found using an ohmmeter
(again, replacing the sources with their internal resistances) or by using the matched load
technique.

COMPONENT :

1. Digital Multimeter.
2. Electrical and Electronic System Trainer Kit or power supply.
3. Breadboard.
4. Resistors (R1=4.7KΩ, R2=5.6K Ω, R3=0.2kΩ )
5. Wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
2

PROCEDURE:1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure (3) With DC voltage = 0V and
R1=4.7KΩ, R2=10K Ω, R3=(load) and R4=0.2kΩ then using the digital multimeter and
measured resistamce at a-b terminal=3.20 KΩ

2. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure (2) With DC voltage =10V and R1=4.7KΩ, R2=10K
Ω, R3=(load) and R4=0.2kΩ then using the digital multimeter and measured current at a-b
terminal=-2.13 mA

CLCULATION:

Determine Norotn resistance at a-b terminal..


For this we must set voltage source equal to zero.now R1 and R2 are in parallel connected.
Hence Rth=(R1 ||R2)

Rn=(4.7||10) KΩ

Rn=3.20 KΩ

Again,for Norton current at a-b terminal


Using nodal analysis at point a
Here
IN= -10/4.7
IN= -2.13

hence IN= -2.13 mA

Now,
Resistance Error(%)=(Rpv-Rtv)*100/Rpv
=(3.2-3.2)*100/3.2
=0
and Current Error(%)=(Ipv-Itv)*100/Ipv
3
=(-2.13+2.13)*100/-2.13
=0

DISCUSSION: This experiment is to verify the Norotn’s theorem in a circuit that a linear
two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit that consist a current source In in
series with a resistor Rn.Some formulas and methods have to use to find Rn of the circuit.Firstly
a formula which can parallel resistances combine together in the circuit. The resistances of
circuit have to calculate by using this formula because R4 is shorted. According to Step 1 we
get combine resistance Rn that is 3.2kilo ohm.Step 2 is to get using method of mesh analysis
rule to calculate the current. In of this circuit is the -2.13mA . Lastly, the linear two-terminal
circuit with Rn and In can be used to find IL and RL across the load of the circuit.

Conclusion :Norton’s Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no
matterhow complex, to an equivalent circuit with just a single current source and parallel
resistance connected to a load. Throughout this experiment, the resistances are simplified into
only onethat is Rn. The value of Rn obtained from calculation is the same as the value obtained
from the measurement, so the Norton’s Theorem is verified.

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