Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

[1] 116 mg of a compound on vaporization in Victor Meyer’s apparatus displaces 44.8 mL of

air measured at STP. The molecular mass of the compound is:

(a) 116 (b) 232 (c) 58 (d) 44.8 (e) 46.4

[2] In the determination of molecular mass by Victor Meyer’s method, 0.60 g of volatile
substance expelled 123 mL of air measured at 20 °C and 757.4 mm pressure. Find the
molecular mass of the substance if the aqueous tension at 20 °C is 17.4 mm.

[3] In a Victor Meyer experiment when 0.110 g of a substance was evaporated 27.0 mL of air
was displaced and collected over water at 27 °C and 750 mm Hg pressure. The vapour
pressure at 27 is 25.1 mm Hg. Calculate the molecular mass of the substance.

[4] A gas has a vapour density 11.2. The volume occupied by 1 g of the gas at NTP is:

(a) 1 L (b) 11.2 L (c) 22.4 L (d) 4 L

[5] 25 g of MCl4 contains 0.5 mol chlorine then its molecular mass is:

(a) 100 g mol-1 (b) 200 g mol-1 (c) 150 g mol-1 (d) 400 g mol-1

[6] An unknown element forms an oxide. What will be the equivalent mass of the element if
the oxygen content is 20 % by mass?

(a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 8 (d) 64

[7] A metal M of equivalent mass E forms an oxide of molecular formula MxOy. The atomic
mass of the metal is given by the correct expression:

(a) 2E(y/x) (b) xyE (c) E/y (d) y/E (e) ⁄ ⁄

[8] The percentage of an element M is 53 in its oxide of formula M2O3. Its atomic mass is
about:

(a) 45 (b) 9 (c) 18 (d) 38 (e) 27

[9] A chloride of an element contains 49.5 % chlorine. The specific heat of the element is
0.056. Calculate the equivalent mass, valency and atomic mass of the element.

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[10] On dissolving 2.0 g of metal in sulphuric acid, 4.51 g of the metal sulphate was
formed. The specific heat of the metal is 0.057 cal g-1. What is the valency of the metal
and exact atomic mass?

[11] Potassium chromate is isomorphous to potassium sulphate (K2SO4) and is found to

contain 26.78 % chromium. Calculate the atomic mass of chromium (K = 39.10).

[12] One gram of a chloride was found to contain 0.835 g of chlorine. Its vapour density is
85. Calculate its molecular formula.

[13] The oxide of an element contains 32.33 % of the element and the vapour density of its
chloride is 79. Calculate the atomic mass of the element.

[14] Two oxides of a metal contain 50 % and 40 % of metal M respectively. If the formula
of the first oxide is MO, the formula of the 2nd oxide will be:

(a) MO2 (b) M2O3 (c) M2O (d) M2O5

[15] Two oxides of a metal contain 27.6 % and 30 % of oxygen respectively. If the
formula of the first oxide is M3O4, find the formula of the 2nd oxide.

[16] Certain non-metal X forms two oxides I and II. The mass percentage of oxygen in I
(X4O6) is 43.7 which is same as that of X in the 2nd oxide. Find the formula of the 2nd
oxide.

[17] Two elements X and Y have atomic mass 75 and 16 respectively. They combine to
give a compound having 75.8 % X. The formula of the compound is:

(a) XY (b) X2Y (c) X2Y2 (d) X2Y3

[18] 1.615 g of an anhydrous salt was placed in moist air. After a few days it was found to
be 2.875 g. Assuming that complete hydration has taken place, calculate the simplest
formula of the hydrated salt. The composition of anhydrous salt is: Zn = 40.6 %; S = 19.8
%; O = 39.6 %.

[19] 15.0 g of a compound Na2SO4.xH2O contains 2.36 x1023 H2O molecules. Find out the
value of x.

[20] A crystalline salt on being rendered anhydrous losses 46 % of its mass. The
percentage composition of anhydrous salt is: Al = 10.5 %; K = 15.1 %; S = 24.8 %; O =
49.6 %. Find the simplest formula of the anhydrous and crystalline salt.

[21] The crystalline salt Na2SO4.xH2O on heating loses 55.9 % of its mass. The formula of
crystalline salt is:

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 (a) Na2SO4.5H2O (b) Na2SO4.7H2O

(c) Na2SO4.2H2O (d) Na2SO4.10H2O

(e) Na2SO4.6H2O

[22] AB2 and A2B3 are two compounds of elements A and B. 0.15 mole of each of these
compounds weighs 9.3 g and 15.9 g respectively. Find the atomic masses of A and B.

[23] The density of a gaseous element is 5 times that of oxygen under similar conditions. If
the molecule of the element is triatomic, what will be its atomic mass?

[24] 1.020 g of metallic oxide contains 0.540 g of the metal. Calculate the equivalent mass
of the metal and hence its atomic mass with the help of Dulong Petit’s law. Taking the
symbol for the metal as M, find the molecular formula of the oxide. The specific heat of
the metal is 0.216 cal deg-1 g-1.

[25] x gram of CaCO3 was completely burnt in air. The mass of the solid residue formed is
28 g. What is the value of x?

(a) 44 (b) 200 (c) 150 (d) 50

[26] The mass of carbon anode consumed (giving only carbon dioxide) in the production
of 270 kg of Al metal from bauxite by Hall process is:

(a) 270 kg (b) 540 kg (c) 90 kg (d) 180 kg

[27] The equivalent mass of an element is 4. Its chloride has vapour density 59.25. Then
the valency of the element is:

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

[28] Calculate the number of milliliters at STP of H2S gas needed to precipitate cupric
sulphide completely from 100 mL of a solution containing 0.75 g of CuCl2 in 1L.

(a) 21.4 (b) 14.2 (c) 41.2 (d) 124

[29] The masses of equal volumes of a gas and hydrogen are 25.6 g and 0.8 g respectively
under same conditions of temperature and pressure. Find the molecular mass of the gas.

[30] The equivalent mass of a metal is 29.73 and vapour density of its chloride is 130.4.
Find out the atomic mass of the metal.
[31] How many moles are there in 1 m3 of any gas at NTP?

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[32] In the reaction,
As2S5 + xHNO3 → 5H2SO4 + yNO2 + 2H3AsO4 + 12H2O

the values of x and y are:

(a) 40, 40 (b) 10, 10 (c) 30, 30 (d) 20, 20

[33] A metal M of atomic mass 54.94 has a density of 7.42 g/cc. Calculate the apparent
volume occupied by one atom of the metal.

[34] Find the charge of 1 g ion of N3- in coulomb.

[35] Calculate the volume at NTP occupied by 6.25 g of nitrogen.

[36] 10 mL of hydrogen contains 2 × 103 molecules of hydrogen at certain pressure and

temperature. Calculate the number of molecules of oxygen whose volume is 200 mL at
the same temperature and pressure.

[37] One litre of a gas at NTP weighs 1.97 g. Find the molecular mass of the gas.

[38] How many moles of water are present in one litre of water?

[39] 1.5276 g of CdCl2 was found to contain 0.9367 g of cadmium. Calculate the atomic
mass of cadmium.

[40] Calculate how many methane molecules and how many hydrogen and carbon atoms
are there in 25.0 g of methane?

[41] A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen contains 20 % by mass of hydrogen. What is the
total number of molecules present per gram of the mixture?

[42] How many electrons are present in 18 mL of water?

[43] The vapour density of a mixture containing NO2 and N2O4 is 38.3 at 27 °C. Calculate
the moles of NO2 in 100 g of the mixture.

[44] Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 88 g of CO2. What would be the mass of CO
having the same number of oxygen atoms?

[45] Density of oxygen at NTP is 1.429 g L-1. Calculate the standard molar volume of the
gas.

[46] The nucleus of an atom X is supposed to be a sphere with a radius of 5 × 10-13 cm.
Find the density of the matter in the atomic nucleus if the atomic weight of X is 19.

[47] In an experiment, 1.0 g CaCO3 on heating evolved 224 mL of CO2 at NTP. What
mass of CaO is formed?

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[48] What mass of potassium chlorate (KClO3) on heating gives 1.491 g of KCl and 0.672
L of oxygen at NTP?

[49] A compound AB completely decomposes to A and B on heating. 50 g of AB, on

strong heating, gave 40 g of A. How much quantity of AB should be decomposed by
heating to obtain 2.5 g of B? How much quantity of A will be produced in the process?

[50] If 12.6 g of NaHCO3 is added to 20.0 g of HCl solution, the residue solution is found
to weigh 24.0 g. What is the mass and volume of CO2 released at NTP in the reaction?

[51] 1 g of a metal, having no variable valency, produces 1.67 g of its oxide when heated
in air. Its carbonate contains 28.57 % of the metal. How much oxide will be obtained by
heating 1 g of the carbonate?

[52] 1 g of a metal M has specific heat of 0.06 combines with oxygen to form 1.08 g of
oxide. What is the atomic mass of M?

[53] A compound contains 28 % of nitrogen and 72 % metal by mass. 3 atoms of the metal
combine with 2 atoms of nitrogen. Find the atomic mass of the metal.

[54] The chloride of a solid metallic element contains 57.89 % by mass of the element.
The specific heat of the element is 0.0324 cal deg-1 g-1. Calculate the exact atomic mass of
the element.

[55] Two oxides of a metal contain 63.2 % and 69.2 % of the metal. The specific heat of
the metal is 0.117. What are the formulae of the two oxides?

[56] White vitrol (hydrated zinc sulphate) is isomorphous with MgSO4.7H2O. While vitiol
contains 22.95 % zinc and 43.9 % of water of crystallization. Find the atomic mass of
zinc.

[57] A solid element burns in oxygen without any change in volume (of gas) under similar
conditions of temperature and pressure. If the vapour density of pure gaseous product is
32, what is the equivalent mass of the element?

[58] If the equivalent mass of a metal (M) is x and the formula of its oxide is MmOn, then
what is the atomic mass of M?

[59] The equivalent mass of a metal is 29.73 and the vapour density of the chloride is
130.4. Find out the atomic mass of the metal.

[60] Hydrated sulphate of a divalent metal of atomic weight 65.4 loses 43.85 % of its
weight on dehydration. Find the number of molecules of water of crystallization in the
formula of the hydrated salt.

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[61] 1 volume of a gaseous compound consisting of C, H and O on complete combustion
in presence of 2.5 volume of O2 gives 2 vol. of steam and 2 vol. of CO2. What is the
formula of the compound if all the measurements are made at NTP?

[62] The law of multiple proportion is illustrated by the pair of compounds:

(a) sodium chloride and sodium (b) Water and heavy water
bromide

(c) sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide (d) magnesium hydroxide and magnesium
oxide

[63] 3 g of a hydrocarbon on combustion in excess of oxygen produces 8.8 g of CO 2 and

5.4 g of H2O. The data illustrates the law of:

(a) conservation of mass (b) multiple proportions

(c) constant proportions (d) reciprocal proportions

[64] A1 g of an element gives A2 g of its oxide. The equivalent mass of the element is:

(a) (A2 – A1)/A1 × 8 (b) (A2 – A1)/A2 × 8

(c) A1/(A2 – A1) × 8 (d) (A2 – A1) × 8

[65] A1 g of an element gives A2 g of its chloride. The equivalent mass of the element is:

(a) A1/(A2 – A1) × 35.5 (b) A1/(A2 – A1) × 35.5

(c) (A2 – A1)/A1 × 35.5 (d) (A2 – A1)/A2 × 35.5

[66] 0.32 g of a metal gave on treatment with an acid 112 mL of hydrogen at NTP.
Calculate the equivalent mass of the metal.

(a) 58 (b) 32 (c) 11.2 (d) 24

[67] 74.5 g of a metallic chloride contains 35.5 g of chlorine. The equivalent mass of the
metal is:

(a) 19.5 (b) 35.5 (c) 39.0 (d) 78.0

[68] The density of air is 0.001293 g mL-1. What is its vapour density?

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[69] How much magnesium sulphide can be obtained from 2.00 g of sulphur by the
reaction Mg + S → MgS? Which is the limiting reagent? Calculate the amount of one of
the reactants which remains unreacted.

[70] 50.0 kg of N2(g) and 10.0 kg of H2(g) are mixed to produce NH3(g). Calculate the
NH3(g) formed. Identify the limiting reagent in the production of NH3 in this situation.

[71] 0.6 mol of Cu2S roasted in excess of oxygen to yield Cu and SO2, according to
reaction: Cu2S + O2 → 2Cu + SO2

Calculate the mass of Cu formed.

[72] What mass of 60 % HCl (by mass) is required to completely react with 0.2 mol of
zinc and what volume of H2 will be produced at S.T.P.? The reaction is Zn + 2HCl →
ZnCl2 + H2.

[73] 10.0 g of CaCO3 are treated with a solution of hydrochloric acid. 1.12 L of CO2 are
produced at S.T.P. Find out the number of moles of HCl in the solution.

[74] 80 g of H2 are reacted with 80 g of O2 to form water. Find out the mass of water
obtained. Which substance is the limiting reagent?

[75] What mass of P4O10 will be obtained from the reaction of 1.33 g of P4 and 5.07 g of
oxygen?

[76] What weight of oxygen will react with 1 g of calcium?

[77] 27.6 g of K2CO3 was treated by a series of reagents so as to convert all of its carbon to
K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2. Calculate the weight of the product.

[78] Calculate the weight of V2O5 produced from 2 g of VO and 5.75 g of Fe2O3.

VO + Fe2O3 → FeO + V2O5

[79] What weight of AgCl will be precipitated when a solution containing 4.77 g of NaCl
is added to a solution of 5.77 g of AgNO3?
[80] 3.0 g of H2 react with 29.0 g of O2 to yield water. Which is the limiting reagent?
Calculate the maximum amount of water formed. Calculate the amount of one of the
reactants which remains unreacted.