Table Name : Employee

First_nam
Employee_id Last_name Salary Joining_date Department
e

100000
1 John Abraham 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Banking
0

2 Michael Clarke 800000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance

3 Roy Thomas 700000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Banking

4 Tom Jose 600000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance

5 Jerry Pinto 650000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance

6 Philip Mathew 750000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Services

TestName
7 123 650000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Services
1

TestName
8 Lname% 600000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance
2

Table Name : Incentives

Employee_ref_i
Incentive_date Incentive_amount
d

1 01-FEB-13 5000

2 01-FEB-13 3000

3 01-FEB-13 4000

1 01-JAN-13 4500

2 01-JAN-13 3500

SQL Queries Interview Questions and Answers on "SQL Select"

1. Get all employee details from the employee table

Select * from employee

2. Get First_Name,Last_Name from employee table

Select first_name, Last_Name from employee

3. Get First_Name from employee table using alias name

“Employee Name”
Select first_name Employee Name from employee

4. Get First_Name from employee table in upper case

Select upper(FIRST_NAME) from EMPLOYEE
5. Get First_Name from employee table in lower case
Select lower(FIRST_NAME) from EMPLOYEE
 

6. Get unique DEPARTMENT from employee table

select distinct DEPARTMENT from EMPLOYEE

Don't Miss - SQL and Database theory Interview

Questions
7. Select first 3 characters of FIRST_NAME from
EMPLOYEE
Oracle Equivalent of SQL Server SUBSTRING is SUBSTR, Query : select substr(FIRST_NAME,0,3) from
employee

SQL Server Equivalent of Oracle SUBSTR is SUBSTRING, Query : select substring(FIRST_NAME,1,3)

from employee

MySQL Server Equivalent of Oracle SUBSTR is SUBSTRING. In MySQL start position is 1, Query : select
substring(FIRST_NAME,1,3) from employee

8. Get position of 'o' in name 'John' from employee table

Oracle Equivalent of SQL Server CHARINDEX is INSTR, Query : Select instr(FIRST_NAME,'o') from
employee where first_name='John'

SQL Server Equivalent of Oracle INSTR is CHARINDEX, Query: Select CHARINDEX('o',FIRST_NAME,0)

from employee where first_name='John'

MySQL Server Equivalent of Oracle INSTR is LOCATE, Query: Select LOCATE('o',FIRST_NAME) from
employee where first_name='John'

9. Get FIRST_NAME from employee table after removing

white spaces from right side
select RTRIM(FIRST_NAME) from employee

10. Get FIRST_NAME from employee table after

removing white spaces from left side
select LTRIM(FIRST_NAME) from employee

11. Get length of FIRST_NAME from employee table

Oracle,MYSQL Equivalent of SQL Server Len is Length , Query :select length(FIRST_NAME) from
employee
SQL Server Equivalent of Oracle,MYSQL Length is Len, Query :select len(FIRST_NAME) from employee

12. Get First_Name from employee table after replacing

'o' with '$'
select REPLACE(FIRST_NAME,'o','$') from employee

13. Get First_Name and Last_Name as single column from

employee table separated by a '_'
Oracle Equivalent of MySQL concat is '||', Query : Select FIRST_NAME|| '_' ||LAST_NAME from
EMPLOYEE

SQL Server Equivalent of MySQL concat is '+', Query : Select FIRST_NAME + '_' +LAST_NAME from
EMPLOYEE

MySQL Equivalent of Oracle '||' is concat, Query : Select concat(FIRST_NAME,'_',LAST_NAME) from

EMPLOYEE

14. Get FIRST_NAME ,Joining year,Joining Month and

Joining Date from employee table
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select FIRST_NAME, to_char(joining_date,'YYYY') JoinYear ,
to_char(joining_date,'Mon'), to_char(joining_date,'dd') from EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select SUBSTRING (convert(varchar,joining_date,103),7,4) , SUBSTRING

(convert(varchar,joining_date,100),1,3) , SUBSTRING (convert(varchar,joining_date,100),5,2) from
EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in MySQL, select year(joining_date),month(joining_date), DAY(joining_date) from

EMPLOYEE

 "SQL Order By" Interview Questions

15. Get all employee details from the employee table order
by First_Name Ascending
Select * from employee order by FIRST_NAME asc

16. Get all employee details from the employee table order
by First_Name descending
Select * from employee order by FIRST_NAME desc
 

17. Get all employee details from the employee table order
by First_Name Ascending and Salary descending
Select * from employee order by FIRST_NAME asc,SALARY desc
 

"SQL Where Condition" Interview Questions

18. Get employee details from employee table whose

employee name is “John”
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME='John'

19. Get employee details from employee table whose

employee name are “John” and “Roy”
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME in ('John','Roy')

20. Get employee details from employee table whose

employee name are not “John” and “Roy”
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME not in ('John','Roy')
 

"SQL Wild Card Search" Interview Questions

21. Get employee details from employee table whose first

name starts with 'J'
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME like 'J%'

22. Get employee details from employee table whose first

name contains 'o'
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME like '%o%'

23. Get employee details from employee table whose first

name ends with 'n'
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME like '%n'

"SQL Pattern Matching" Interview Questions

24. Get employee details from employee table whose first
name ends with 'n' and name contains 4 letters
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME like '___n' (Underscores)

25. Get employee details from employee table whose first

name starts with 'J' and name contains 4 letters
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME like 'J___' (Underscores)

26. Get employee details from employee table whose

Salary greater than 600000
Select * from EMPLOYEE where Salary >600000

27. Get employee details from employee table whose

Salary less than 800000
Select * from EMPLOYEE where Salary <800000

28. Get employee details from employee table whose

Salary between 500000 and 800000
Select * from EMPLOYEE where Salary between 500000 and 800000

29. Get employee details from employee table whose name

is 'John' and 'Michael'
Select * from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME in ('John','Michael')

Interview Questions on "SQL DATE Functions"

30. Get employee details from employee table whose

joining year is “2013”
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select * from EMPLOYEE where to_char(joining_date,'YYYY')='2013'

SQL Queries in SQL Server, Select * from EMPLOYEE where

SUBSTRING(convert(varchar,joining_date,103),7,4)='2013'

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select * from EMPLOYEE where year(joining_date)='2013'

31. Get employee details from employee table whose

joining month is “January”
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select * from EMPLOYEE where to_char(joining_date,'MM')='01' or Select * from
EMPLOYEE where to_char(joining_date,'Mon')='Jan'

SQL Queries in SQL Server, Select * from EMPLOYEE where

SUBSTRING(convert(varchar,joining_date,100),1,3)='Jan'

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select * from EMPLOYEE where month(joining_date)='01'

32. Get employee details from employee table who joined

before January 1st 2013
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select * from EMPLOYEE where JOINING_DATE
<to_date('01/01/2013','dd/mm/yyyy')

SQL Queries in SQL Server (Format - “MM/DD/YYYY”), Select * from EMPLOYEE where joining_date
<'01/01/2013'

SQL Queries in MySQL (Format - “YYYY-DD-MM”), Select * from EMPLOYEE where joining_date <'2013-
01-01'

33. Get employee details from employee table who joined

after January 31st
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select * from EMPLOYEE where JOINING_DATE
>to_date('31/01/2013','dd/mm/yyyy')

SQL Queries in SQL Server and MySQL (Format - “MM/DD/YYYY”), Select * from EMPLOYEE where
joining_date >'01/31/2013'

SQL Queries in MySQL (Format - “YYYY-DD-MM”), Select * from EMPLOYEE where joining_date >'2013-
01-31'
 

35. Get Joining Date and Time from employee table

SQL Queries in Oracle, select to_char(JOINING_DATE,'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') from EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in SQL Server, Select convert(varchar(19),joining_date,121) from EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select CONVERT(DATE_FORMAT(joining_date,'%Y-%m-%d-%H:
%i:00'),DATETIME) from EMPLOYEE

36. Get Joining Date,Time including milliseconds from

employee table
SQL Queries in Oracle, select to_char(JOINING_DATE,'dd/mm/yyyy HH:mi:ss.ff') from EMPLOYEE .
Column Data Type should be “TimeStamp”

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select convert(varchar,joining_date,121) from EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select MICROSECOND(joining_date) from EMPLOYEE

37. Get difference between JOINING_DATE and

INCENTIVE_DATE from employee and incentives table
Select FIRST_NAME,INCENTIVE_DATE - JOINING_DATE from employee a inner join incentives B on
A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

38. Get database date

SQL Queries in Oracle, select sysdate from dual

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select getdate()

SQL Query in MySQL, select now()

39. Get names of employees from employee table who has

'%' in Last_Name. Tip : Escape character for special
characters in a query.
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select FIRST_NAME from employee where Last_Name like '%?%%'

SQL Queries in SQL Server, Select FIRST_NAME from employee where Last_Name like '%[%]%'

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select FIRST_NAME from employee where Last_Name like '%\%%'
 

40. Get Last Name from employee table after replacing

special character with white space
SQL Queries in Oracle, Select translate(LAST_NAME,'%',' ') from employee

SQL Queries in SQL Server and MySQL, Select REPLACE(LAST_NAME,'%',' ') from employee

"SQL Group By Query" Interview Questions and Answers

41. Get department,total salary with respect to a

department from employee table.
Select DEPARTMENT,sum(SALARY) Total_Salary from employee group by department

42. Get department,total salary with respect to a

department from employee table order by total salary
descending
Select DEPARTMENT,sum(SALARY) Total_Salary from employee group by DEPARTMENT order by
Total_Salary descending
 

SQL Queries Interview Questions and Answers on "SQL Mathematical

Operations using Group By"

43. Get department,no of employees in a department,total

salary with respect to a department from employee table
order by total salary descending
Select DEPARTMENT,count(FIRST_NAME),sum(SALARY) Total_Salary from employee group by
DEPARTMENT order by Total_Salary descending

44. Get department wise average salary from employee

table order by salary ascending
select DEPARTMENT,avg(SALARY) AvgSalary from employee group by DEPARTMENT order by
AvgSalary asc

45. Get department wise maximum salary from employee

table order by salary ascending
select DEPARTMENT,max(SALARY) MaxSalary from employee group by DEPARTMENT order by
MaxSalary asc
46. Get department wise minimum salary from employee
table order by salary ascending
select DEPARTMENT,min(SALARY) MinSalary from employee group by DEPARTMENT order by
MinSalary asc

47. Select no of employees joined with respect to year and

month from employee table
SQL Queries in Oracle, select to_char (JOINING_DATE,'YYYY') Join_Year,to_char (JOINING_DATE,'MM')
Join_Month,count(*) Total_Emp from employee group by to_char
(JOINING_DATE,'YYYY'),to_char(JOINING_DATE,'MM')

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select datepart (YYYY,JOINING_DATE) Join_Year,datepart

(MM,JOINING_DATE) Join_Month,count(*) Total_Emp from employee group by
datepart(YYYY,JOINING_DATE), datepart(MM,JOINING_DATE)

SQL Queries in MySQL, select year (JOINING_DATE) Join_Year,month (JOINING_DATE)

Join_Month,count(*) Total_Emp from employee group by year(JOINING_DATE), month(JOINING_DATE)

48. Select department,total salary with respect to a

department from employee table where total salary
greater than 800000 order by Total_Salary descending
Select DEPARTMENT,sum(SALARY) Total_Salary from employee group by DEPARTMENT having
sum(SALARY) >800000 order by Total_Salary desc

49. Select employee details from employee table if data

exists in incentive table ?
select * from EMPLOYEE where exists (select * from INCENTIVES)

Explanation : Here "exists" statement helps us to do the

job of If statement. Main query will get executed if the sub
query returns at least one row. So we can consider the sub
query as "If condition" and the main query as "code
block" inside the If condition. We can use any SQL
commands (Joins, Group By , having etc) in sub query.
This command will be useful in queries which need to
detect an event and do some activity.
50. How to fetch data that are common in two query
results ?
select * from EMPLOYEE where EMPLOYEE_ID INTERSECT select * from EMPLOYEE where
EMPLOYEE_ID < 4

Explanation : Here "INTERSECT" command is used to

fetch data that are common in 2 queries. In this example,
we had taken EMPLOYEE table in both the queries.We
can apply INTERSECT command on different tables. The
result of the above query will return employee details of
"ROY" because, employee id of ROY is 3, and both query
results have the information about ROY.
51. Get Employee ID's of those employees
who didn't receive incentives without using sub query ?
select EMPLOYEE_ID from EMPLOYEE
MINUS
select EMPLOYEE_REF_ID from INCENTIVES

Explanation : To filter out certain information we use

MINUS command. What MINUS Command odes is that,
it returns all the results from the first query, that are not
part of the second query. In our example, first three
employees received the incentives. So query will return
employee id's 4 to 8.

52. Select 20 % of salary from John , 10% of Salary for

Roy and for other 15 % of salary from employee table
SELECT FIRST_NAME, CASE FIRST_NAME WHEN 'John' THEN SALARY * .2 WHEN 'Roy' THEN SALARY
* .10 ELSE SALARY * .15 END "Deduced_Amount" FROM EMPLOYEE

Explanation : Here, we are using "SQL CASE" statement

to achieve the desired results. After case statement, we had
to specify the column on which filtering is applied. In our
case it is "FIRST_NAME". And in then condition, specify
the name of filter like John, Roy etc. To handle conditions
outside our filter, use else block where every one other
than John and Roy enters.

53. Select Banking as 'Bank Dept', Insurance as

'Insurance Dept' and Services as 'Services Dept' from
employee table
SQL Queries in Oracle, SELECT distinct DECODE (DEPARTMENT, 'Banking', 'Bank Dept', 'Insurance',
'Insurance Dept', 'Services', 'Services Dept') FROM EMPLOYEE
SQL Queries in SQL Server and MySQL, SELECT case DEPARTMENT when 'Banking' then 'Bank Dept'
when 'Insurance' then 'Insurance Dept' when 'Services' then 'Services Dept' end FROM EMPLOYEE

Explanation : Here "DECODE" keyword is used to

specify the alias name. In oracle we had specify, Column
Name followed by Actual Name and Alias Name as
arguments. In SQL Server and MySQL, we can use the
earlier switch case statements for alias names.

54. Delete employee data from employee table who got

incentives in incentive table
delete from EMPLOYEE where EMPLOYEE_ID in (select EMPLOYEE_REF_ID from INCENTIVES)

Explanation : Trick about this question is that we can't

delete data from a table based on some condition in
another table by joining them. Here to delete multiple
entries from EMPLOYEE table, we need to use Subquery.
Entries will get deleted based on the result of Subquery.

55. Insert into employee table Last Name with " ' " (Single
Quote - Special Character)
Tip - Use another single quote before special character
Insert into employee (LAST_NAME) values ('Test''')
56. Select Last Name from employee table which contain
only numbers
Select * from EMPLOYEE where lower(LAST_NAME)=upper(LAST_NAME)

Explanation : In order to achieve the desired result, we

use "ASCII" property of the database. If we get results for
a column using Lower and Upper commands, ASCII of
both results will be same for numbers. If there is any
alphabets in the column, results will differ.

57. Write a query to rank employees based on their

incentives for a month
select FIRST_NAME,INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY INCENTIVE_DATE
ORDER BY INCENTIVE_AMOUNT DESC) AS Rank from EMPLOYEE a, INCENTIVES b where
a.EMPLOYEE_ID=b.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

Explanation : In order to rank employees based on their

rank for a month, "DENSE_RANK" keyword is used.
Here partition by keyword helps us to sort the column
with which filtering is done. Rank is provided to the
column specified in the order by statement. The above
query ranks employees with respect to their incentives for
a given month.

58. Update incentive table where employee name is 'John'

update INCENTIVES set INCENTIVE_AMOUNT='9000' where EMPLOYEE_REF_ID=(select EMPLOYEE_ID
from EMPLOYEE where FIRST_NAME='John' )

Explanation : We need to join Employee and Incentive

Table for updating the incentive amount. But for update
statement joining query wont work. We need to use sub
query to update the data in the incentive table. SQL
Query is as shown below.

59. Select first_name, incentive amount from employee and incentives table for those
employees who have incentives

Select FIRST_NAME,INCENTIVE_AMOUNT from employee a inner join incentives B on

A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

60. Select first_name, incentive amount from employee and incentives table for those
employees who have incentives and incentive amount greater than 3000
Select FIRST_NAME,INCENTIVE_AMOUNT from employee a inner join incentives B on

A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID and INCENTIVE_AMOUNT >3000

61. Select first_name, incentive amount from employee and incentives table for all employes
even if they didn't get incentives

Select FIRST_NAME,INCENTIVE_AMOUNT from employee a left join incentives B on

A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

62. Select first_name, incentive amount from employee and incentives table for all employees
even if they didn't get incentives and set incentive amount as 0 for those employees who
didn't get incentives.

SQL Queries in Oracle, Select FIRST_NAME,nvl(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,0) from employee a left join incentives

B on A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

SQL Queries in SQL Server, Select FIRST_NAME, ISNULL(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,0) from employee a left join

incentives B on A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select FIRST_NAME, IFNULL(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,0) from employee a left join

incentives B on A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

63. Select first_name, incentive amount from employee and incentives table for all employees
who got incentives using left join
 SQL Queries in Oracle, Select FIRST_NAME,nvl(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,0) from employee a right join

incentives B on A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

SQL Queries in SQL Server, Select FIRST_NAME, isnull(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,0) from employee a right join

incentives B on A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

SQL Queries in MySQL, Select FIRST_NAME, IFNULL(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT,0) from employee a right join

incentives B on A.EMPLOYEE_ID=B.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

64. Select max incentive with respect to employee from employee and incentives table using
sub query

SQL Queries in Oracle, select DEPARTMENT,(select nvl(max(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT),0) from INCENTIVES

where EMPLOYEE_REF_ID=EMPLOYEE_ID) Max_incentive from EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select DEPARTMENT,(select ISNULL(max(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT),0) from

INCENTIVES where EMPLOYEE_REF_ID=EMPLOYEE_ID) Max_incentive from EMPLOYEE

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select DEPARTMENT,(select IFNULL (max(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT),0) from

INCENTIVES where EMPLOYEE_REF_ID=EMPLOYEE_ID) Max_incentive from EMPLOYEE

"Top N Salary" SQL Interview Questions and Answers

65. Select TOP 2 salary from employee table

SQL Queries in Oracle, select * from (select * from employee order by SALARY desc) where rownum <3

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select top 2 * from employee order by salary desc

SQL Queries in MySQL, select * from employee order by salary desc limit 2

66. Select TOP N salary from employee table

SQL Queries in Oracle, select * from (select * from employee order by SALARY desc) where rownum <N + 1

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select top N * from employee

SQL Queries in MySQL, select * from employee order by salary desc limit N

67. Select 2nd Highest salary from employee table

SQL Queries in Oracle, select min(salary) from (select * from (select * from employee order by SALARY desc)

where rownum <3)

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select min(SALARY) from (select top 2 * from employee) a

SQL Queries in MySQL, select min(SALARY) from (select * from employee order by salary desc limit 2) a

68. Select Nth Highest salary from employee table

SQL Queries in Oracle, select min(salary) from (select * from (select * from employee order by SALARY desc)

where rownum <N + 1)

SQL Queries in SQL Server, select min(SALARY) from (select top N * from employee) a

SQL Queries in MySQL, select min(SALARY) from (select * from employee order by salary desc limit N) a

"SQL Union" Query Interview Questions

69. Select First_Name,LAST_NAME from employee table as separate rows

select FIRST_NAME from EMPLOYEE union select LAST_NAME from EMPLOYEE

70. What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL ?

Both UNION and UNION ALL is used to select information from structurally similar tables. That means

corresponding columns specified in the union should have same data type. For example, in the above query, if

FIRST_NAME is DOUBLE and LAST_NAME is STRING above query wont work. Since the data type of both the

columns are VARCHAR, union is made possible. Difference between UNION and UNION ALL is that , UNION

query return only distinct values.

71. Write create table syntax for employee table

Oracle -CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (

EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER,
 FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),

LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),

SALARY FLOAT(126),

JOINING_DATE TIMESTAMP (6) DEFAULT sysdate,

DEPARTMENT VARCHAR2(30 BYTE) )

SQL Server -CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(

EMPLOYEE_ID int NOT NULL,

FIRST_NAME varchar(50) NULL,

LAST_NAME varchar(50) NULL,

SALARY decimal(18, 0) NULL,

JOINING_DATE datetime2(7) default getdate(),

DEPARTMENT varchar(50) NULL)

72. Write syntax to delete table employee

DROP table employee;

73. Write syntax to set EMPLOYEE_ID as primary key in employee table

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE add CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEE_PK PRIMARY KEY(EMPLOYEE_ID)

74. Write syntax to set 2 fields(EMPLOYEE_ID,FIRST_NAME) as primary key in employee table

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE add CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEE_PK PRIMARY

KEY(EMPLOYEE_ID,FIRST_NAME)

75. Write syntax to drop primary key on employee table

Alter TABLE EMPLOYEE drop CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEE_PK;

76. Write Sql Syntax to create EMPLOYEE_REF_ID in INCENTIVES table as foreign key with
respect to EMPLOYEE_ID in employee table

ALTER TABLE INCENTIVES ADD CONSTRAINT INCENTIVES_FK FOREIGN KEY (EMPLOYEE_REF_ID)

REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(EMPLOYEE_ID)

77. Write SQL to drop foreign key on employee table

ALTER TABLE INCENTIVES drop CONSTRAINT INCENTIVES_FK;

78. Write SQL to create Orcale Sequence

CREATE SEQUENCE EMPLOYEE_ID_SEQ START WITH 0 NOMAXVALUE MINVALUE 0 NOCYCLE

NOCACHE NOORDER;

79. Write Sql syntax to create Oracle Trigger before insert of each row in employee table

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER EMPLOYEE_ROW_ID_TRIGGER

BEFORE INSERT ON EMPLOYEE FOR EACH ROW

DECLARE

seq_no number(12);

BEGIN

select EMPLOYEE_ID_SEQ.nextval into seq_no from dual ;

:new EMPLOYEE_ID :=seq_no;

END;

SHOW ERRORS;

80. Oracle Procedure81. Oracle View

An example oracle view script is given below

create view Employee_Incentive as select FIRST_NAME,max(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT) INCENTIVE_AMOUNT

from EMPLOYEE a, INCENTIVES b where a.EMPLOYEE_ID=b.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID group by FIRST_NAME

82. Oracle materialized view - Daily Auto Refresh 

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW Employee_Incentive

REFRESH COMPLETE

START WITH SYSDATE

NEXT SYSDATE + 1 AS

select FIRST_NAME,INCENTIVE_DATE,INCENTIVE_AMOUNT from EMPLOYEE a, INCENTIVES b

where a.EMPLOYEE_ID=b.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID

83. Oracle materialized view - Fast Refresh on Commit

Create materialized view log for fast refresh. Following materialized view script wont get executed if materialized

view log doesn't exists

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW MAT_Employee_Incentive_Refresh

BUILD IMMEDIATE

REFRESH FAST ON COMMIT AS

select FIRST_NAME,max(INCENTIVE_AMOUNT) from EMPLOYEE a, INCENTIVES b

where a.EMPLOYEE_ID=b.EMPLOYEE_REF_ID group by FIRST_NAME

84. What is SQL Injection ?

SQL Injection is one of the the techniques uses by hackers to hack a website by injecting SQL commands in

data fields.