CHAP 3: EXPRESSIONS AND OPERATIONS

Chapter : 3
 3. EXPRESSIONS
AND OPERATIONS
Aim
To give understanding on:
◼ Arithmetic operation ▪Expression and operator concept
◼ Relational operation ▪math.h and stdlib.h built-in function
◼ Assignment operation

O
◼ Conditional operation

bjective
Students should be able to:
▪understand concepts and fundamentals in
expression/ operator.
▪write expression in C programming language
 Introduction to Expression
3

Given the following statement :

Example:
2x + 3 – z = y Process involves in money withdrawal scenario

balance – drew out money = current balance

expression

Expression in C :

current_balance =balance-drew_out_money;
 Introduction to Expression
4 What is Expression?
Combination of more than one variable or constant
Expression (operand) which separated by operator

example Operator
x + 3 - z

Operand

Consists of arithmetic
relational
logical
 Arithmetic Expression
5

Known as Mathematic Expression

Arithmetic Expression

using
Arithmetic Operator

Represents by
Represents by
Unary operator Binary operator

Operator Meaning Operator Meaning

- negative * multiply
+ positive / divide

-- decrement + add

++ increment - subtraction
% modulus
 Arithmetic Expression
6
Unary Operator
Unary Operator Operates for one operand

example Computer memory cell

a = -20; a -20

b = +15; b +15

Increment Decrement
prefix ++c; --c;
postfix c++; c--;
 Arithmetic Expression
7
Unary Operator
Example 1: A 56

int A = 5;
++A; 6
5
printf(“%d”, A); output ? 6
A--; 6
printf(“%d”,A); output ? 4
6
A++;
printf(“%d”,A); output ?
 Arithmetic Expression
8
Unary Operator
Example 2:

8 int A ;
5
9
A=6;
5 printf(“%d”,3 + --A); output ? A=(6-1)
printf(“%d”, A); output ? =5 6 5
A=6;
printf(“%d”, 3 + A--); output ?
printf(“%d”, A); output ?
 Arithmetic Expression
9
Unary Operator
num1
8 9 10 9
Example 3: num2
11
Given the value of num1 = 8 .Determine the value of num2 after the execution
for each of the following statements:
num2 = num1++ - 2;
num2 = num1;
6 6
num2 = ++num1 – 3;
8 9
6 num2 = num1-- +1; 7
9 11
 Arithmetic Expression
10
Binary Operator
Located between constants or
Binary Operator variables or both combination

example
A + z

operator
operand
 Arithmetic Expression
11
Binary Operator
Multiplication Use symbol “ * ”

example
A * z

operator
operand

Mathematic Arithmetic Expression

2x + y 2*x+y
 Arithmetic Expression
Binary Operator
12

Divide Use symbol “/”

example
A / z

operator
operand

Mathematic Arithmetic Expression

2÷y 2/y
 Arithmetic Expression
13
Binary Operator
Modulus Use symbol “%”

example
A % z

operator

operand

Return a balance when 2 numbers is divided

Can only be used with an integer variable

 Arithmetic Expression
14

Binary Operator
Example:
int A, B;
float C;
A= 2;
B=5;
C= 2.4;
Valid! Answer is 1
B% A;
Invalid! C is float
C % A;
 Arithmetic Expression
15

Assignment Statement
▪Used to store value/result of process to a variable
▪Use operator symbol =

Assignment statement

Double assignment Compound assignment

statement statement
 Arithmetic Expression
16

Assignment Statement
▪ Format /sintax :
variable = value;
variable = constant; or variable = variable;
variable = expression;

▪Example :
[Link]= ( 6 + 5) * 4; average 44

1500
[Link] = 1500; grossSalary
4 nettSalary = grossSalary + 200; 1700
nettSalary
[Link]= 50.00; price 50.00
5 pay = price;
` pay 50.00
 Arithmetic Expression
17

Compound Assignment Statement

▪Use more than one operator (=)
▪Example :

int a = b= c = d = e = 250;
int b =2, number =0, total = 0,average =3;
number = b++ = 10;
int age = workHour = 0;
 Arithmetic Expression
18
Compound Assignment Statement
Function

▪To combine two different operator together.

▪To simplify arithmetic operator
▪Original function of operator does not affected
▪Allowed combination are as follow:

operator:

+= , -= , *= , /= , %=
 Arithmetic Expression
19
Compound Assignment Statement
Example :

Operator Expression Meaning

+= total + = 300 total = total+ 300
-= total - = count+ 300 total = total - (count + 300)
*= total *=300 total = total * 300
/= total /= count– 10 total = total / ( count –10)
%= total % = 7 total = total % 7
 Arithmetic Operator Precedence Rules
20

Arithmetic Expression
Compiler will follows the following precedence to execute the arithmetic expression
based on priority.

Operator Arrangement/Priority
() Left to right
++, -- Right to left
*, /, % Left to right
+, - Left to right
 Arithmetic Operator
21

Arithmetic Operator Precedence Rules

Example:

1. 5+2*6–4/2 2. 3 * 4 / 2 + ( 3 –1)

5 + 12 - 4 / 2 3*4/2+ 2

5 + 12 - 2 12 / 2 + 2

17 - 2 6 + 2

15 8
 Arithmetic Expression
Arithmetic Operator Precedence Rules
22

Example:

3. Prefix unary arithmetic expression

int kira = 5, nilai_pertama = 10;

nilai_kedua = 5 * --kira + nilai_pertama;
printf(“%d %d”, kira, nilai_kedua);

Output:

4 30
 Arithmetic Expression
23

Arithmetic Operator Precedence Rules

Example:

3. Prefix unary arithmetic expression

int kira = 5, nilai pertama = 10;

nilai_kedua = 5 * kira-- + nilai_pertama;
printf(“%d %d”, kira, nilai_kedua);

Output:

4 35
 Arithmetic Expression
24
Mathematic Library Function
•Header file designed for basic mathematical operations (math.h)
•Syntax #include <math.h>
•Below are lists of some common math functions :

Fungsi Tujuan
sqrt(x) compute the non-negative square root of x
pow(x,y) computes x raised to the power y
cos(x) compute the cosine of x (measured in radians)
sin(x) computes the sine of x (measured in radians)
tan(x) compute the tangent of x (measured in radians)
 Arithmetic Expression
25

Mathematic Library Function

Example:

#include<stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
Output :
void main() 4
{
int x = 16, y ;
y = sqrt(x);
printf(“%d”,y);

}
 Arithmetic Expression
26
Exercise:
1. Convert the following mathematic expression to a valid arithmetic
expression :

a) b = 3 + b b) x = (a – b)(a – c2)
a+4

c) d = (3e – d) - ( 4 – 3c3 ) d) r = 2s + 3(s – 9)

x–9 4y s

2. Given a= 3, b = 5, c=1. What is the output of the following expression?

a. ( 6 * c – 6 / a) - b b. (5 * c) +( a* b / b)

c. ++a d. c + a * c / (3 * c)
 Arithmetic Expression
27
Exercise:
Assume i,j and k are integer variables with i = 5 and j=3. Determine the value for
each of the following statement:
a) k = j++; 3 d) k = ++j; 5
b) k = i * j--; 20 e) k = i * --j; (5*4)=20
c) k = j + i * j++; (3+5*3)=18 f) k = 27 / j++ - 16 % i; 27/4-16%5
=6.8-1 = 5.8
 Relational Expression
28

Relational use
Relational operator
expression

Combination of more than one statement

Can consists of variable vs variable

produce variable vs constant

constant vs constant

0 (if false) 1(if true)

 Relational Expression
29

Relational Operator
Operator Description

== Equal to

> Greater than

< Less than

>= Greater than or equal

<= Less than or equal

!= Not equal
 Relational Expression
30

P/s:
Example 1:
a, b and c are variables,
Replace with the given values

int a=6, b =1, c = -2;

1) a+ b == c 2) a != b

6 + 1== -2 6 != 1
7 == -2

Answer: 0(False) Answer : 1 (True)

 Relational Expression
31
Example 2 :

int a=6, b =1, c = -2;

3) b < c 4) b + c <= a

1 < -2 1 + -2 <= 6
-1 <= 6

Answer: 0 (False) Answer : 1 (True)

 Relational Expression
32

P/s:
Example 3: Relational operator has less priority than
other operators.
Start evaluating from left to right.
int a=10, b = 3, c = 7;

(a+b >= 3*c)==( a != 2*c+b)

(10+3 >= 3*7)==(a != 2*c+b)

(13 >= 21)==(10 != 14+3)
(13 >= 21)==(10 != 17)
0 == 1
0 (false)
 Relational Expression
33
An example program which uses relational expression

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{ int age;

printf(“\nPlease enter your age >>”);

scanf(“%d”,&age);
Relational expression
if (age > 21)

printf(“\nYou are qualified to vote”);

}
 Logical Expression
34

Logical expression Logical Operator

use

Combination of one or more expressions

Can consists of
Relational expr. vs logical expr.

hasilkan Relational expr. vs variable

Relational expr. vs constant

0 (if false) 1(if true)

 Logical Expression
35
Logical Operator

Operator Description

&& AND

|| OR

! NOT

Logical operator && dan || is used between 2 or more

relational expression
 Logical Expression
36

Logical operator truth table for AND

AND (&&)
Logical Operator Result
False AND False False
Value 0 1
False AND True False
0 0 0
True AND False False
1 0 1
True AND True True
 Logical Expression
37

Logical operator truth table for OR

OR (||)
Logical Operator Result
False OR False False
Value 0 1
False OR True True
1 0 1
True OR False True
1 1 1
True OR True True
 Logical Expression
38

Logical operator truth table for NOT

NOT(!)

Value Result Logical Operator Result

!0 1 Not false True

!1 0 Not true False

 Logical Expression
39

Example 1:

Evaluate the following logical expression:

a) (2 < 5 ) && ( 5 < 10) b) (7 % 2 < 2) || ( 2 * 3 == 6)

1 && 1 (1 < 2) || (6 == 6)

1 1 || 1

1
 Logical Expression
40
Example 2:

Evaluate the following logical expression:

Given a = 3, b = 4;

c) !((5 * b <= 23 - a )) d) ! ((b +3 != 8) &&( 3 * a < 2))

!((5 * 4 <= 23 – 3)) !(( 7 != 8 ) && ( 9 < 2 ))

!(20 <= 20) !( 1 && 0 )

!(1) ! ( 0)

0 1
 Logical Expression
41
An example program which using Logical Expression:

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{ int mark;

printf(“\nEnter your mark >>”);

scanf(“%d”,&mark);(800)

if (mark >= 85 && mark <= 100)

printf(“\nGred A”);

else if( mark >=80 && mark <=84)

printf(“\nGred A-”);
}
 Logical Expression
42
Exercise:
1. Given with i=2, j = 5 and k = 15. Evaluate each of the following
expression:
a) i > j – k g) k == j + i * j
b) i != k h) k <=k /j
c) (i >= 1) && (j == 5) i) (j < i) || (k > j)
d) !( i > j) j) (i >0) && (j <k) || (k <i)
e) i < j < k k) i * k < k / j
f) (i < j) && (j < k) l) i – j > k

2. Complete the following statements with suitable logical expression.

int angka1,angka2;

if (angka1 is less than or equal to angka2)

printf(“%d is less than or equal to
%d”,angka1,angka2);
Next Chapter : 4
 CONTROL STRUCTURE
 4.1 The use of control structure including if,
for and switch
 4.2 The use of while loop, break and goto