Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

EXERCISE – short Q/A

Q. 1. Five reasons of importance of O.S.

1. It moderates the relationship between the computer & its peripherals.
2. It helps in the management of files - copying, deleting, & moving of files from
one storage location to the other.
3. It encourages the memory for its efficient usage & thus adding the speed of the
computer.
4. It manages the activities of the processor in terms of job execution according to
the priority of arrival, of jobs.
5. It provide an interface to communicate with the computer without learning the
computer's language i.e. machine language

Q. 2. Three objectives of O.S.

❖ Convenience: An OS makes a computer more convenient to use, Provides a

pleasant & effective user interface.
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❖ Efficiency: An OS allows the computer system resources to be used in an

efficient manner & allocate resources to processes.
❖ Ability to progress: An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit the
effective development, testing & introduction of new functions without
interfering with service.
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Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

Q. 3. Disadvantages of DOS
• Difficult to memorize the syntax & parameters of a command.
• DOS has limited functions to deal with the screen & communication devices.
• No multi-tasking supported by the OS (only one program can be in the
foreground.
• limiting the file names to 8 characters & 3 characters extension, like
"DOSFILE.TXT".

Advantages of DOS
❖ DOS programs deal directly with computer's hardware to access the VDU
screen, read the keyboard etc.
❖ The main advantage the DOS operating system provides is for disk file access.
❖ Due to less no. of functions, it is mostly faster to deal directly with the
computer's hardware.

Operating systems provide a user interface. User interfaces can be either CLI or GUI.
Advantages of CLI
 Direct communication with computer system
 Not restricted to a number of pre-determined options
 Simple interface using keyboard only

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 Faster response.
Disadvantages of CLI

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 Need to learn a number of long/complex commands
 Need to type in the commands (possibility of errors)
 Slow having to type in commands every time.
Advantage of GUI
 Only need to click on one simple picture
 So much easier for the novice
 Several instructions are replaced by one icon
 No need to understand how computer systems work
Disadvantage of GUI
 Wasteful of computer memory
 If user wants to communicate with computer system directly, GUI is effectively
 More complex.

Q. 4. Operating system used in Mobile phones.

Mobile devices such as phones & tablets are different from computers, so they run
OSs that are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile OS
include Apple iOS, Google Android & windows.
OS for mobile devices generally isn’t as fully featured as those made for computers
& aren't able to run all of the same software. However, you can still do a lot of
tasks with them, like watch movies, browse the Web, manage the calendar, & play
games.

Q. 5. Difficulties students may face unfamiliar with the O.S.

If a student is not familiar with the OS, he cannot operate the computer easily. He
might face problems in finding & handling the various features of system.

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 Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

Q. 6. Differentiate:
UNIX LINUX
UNIX is an OS was developed at Bell Labs Linux is free open-source OS introduce by
in the early 1969. Linus Torvalds in 1991.
It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking It’s faster but difficult to use.
system for mini & mainframe computers. Linux can be installed on PCs, mobile & even
UNIX systems also have a GUI interface. supercomputer.
Due to its portability, flexibility & power, Popular Linux distributions include, Ubuntu
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UNIX has become a leading OS for networks. & Red Hat.

WINDOWS Mac OS
Microsoft created the Windows OS in the Mac OS is developed by Apple Incorporation
mid-1980s. for Mac computers only, in 1984.
Over the years, there have been many It’s a UNIX based & user-friendly GUI-OS.
different versions of Windows, but the most Specialized versions of Mac X used on
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recent is Windows 10 (released in 2015). iPhones, iPad etc.

Windows is installed on PCs which help to
make it the most popular OS in the world.

Q. 8. Managing data is to organize the information in an effective manner using

suitable storage resources. Accurate & relevant data is the source of valuable
information. By managing data efficiently, sound management decisions can be
made.

Q. 7. Difference between Single User & Multi-User Operating System:

Single User Multi-User
Definition A single user OS allows A multi-user OS allows multitasking
multitasking only one user to use for many users to use at the same
at a time. time.
Attributes Resources are not shared such as It shares all the resources among
hardware & software. the users & supports
multiprogramming & time-sharing.
It is Simple It is Complex
It requires less memory & less cost It requires powerful CPU, large
memories & costly
Examples Mac iOS, Windows 10 Windows NT, Unix, Linux for mini
for micro-computers. & mainframes computers.

Q. 9. Resources of computer
Computer has mainly 2 types of resources, hardware & software. The computer
resources are always being allocated by the OS, usually shared on the network.

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 Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

Q. 10.
 Having no anti-virus the students may face offensive virus, spyware & spams
etc.
 Students will be always in risk of attacking hackers which results monitoring
activities & stealing of personal data or Id/password etc.
 Students may get unprotected against spams like phishing & pharming.
Antivirus protects & warns of possible threats to the system. It is an important
tool to help prevent such attacks.

EXERCISE – long Q/A

Q. 1. Explain the main functions of O.S.

Jobs/Functions of an OS depends on the size & the complexity of the computer that it
supports. This can differ from single-user microcomputer to complex multi-user systems.

Provides a platform to the user to communicate with the

User interface
computer.
Job control Loads programs into the main memory; provides continuous
process of program; provides the job queuing facility with a
priority system, e.g. in printing; supports different file
organization methods.
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Memory/file Stores, retrieves, erase & copies data files & programs.
management
Keeping track of the Keeps address & records of files; notify space available; detects
resources the h/w.
Notify an illegal operation is performed & insufficient memory
Error messages
space & error message etc.
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Controls I/O devices Transfers data to & from the various peripherals.
efficiently
Handles multi- Allows the CPU to process any programs at the same time.
programming
Maintain Security Maintaining user IDs & passwords.
checks

Q. 2. User Interface is the working environment provided by the OS to

communicate with the computer. There are mainly 3 kinds of user interface,
CDI/CLI Menu-Driven & GUI.

a. Command Line Interface is based on textual input & communication is done

using keyboard in which the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a
command on a specified line, receives a response back from the system.
b. Graphical User Interface allows users to interact with the computer
hardware in a user-friendly way. Over the years a range of GUI's have been

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 Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

developed for different operating systems such as OS/2, MS Windows &

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Linux etc.
c. Menu-driven Interface offers a simple menu from which to choose an option.
One menu often leads to a further menu. Part of the screen may have an
instruction followed by a numbered list of options to choose from.
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Q. 3. Types of O.S.
a. Batch Processing System executes a series of non-interactive jobs all at one
time. Batch jobs are stored/queued & then executed one by one.
Batch processing is particularly useful for operations that require the computer or
a peripheral device for an extended period of time.
Once a batch job begins, it continues until it is done or until an error occurs. Note
that batch processing implies that there is no interaction with the user while the
program is being executed. For example, billing & report card system etc.

b. Time-sharing System is a feature of OS which

allows many users to share the computer resources
simultaneously. For example a mini/mainframe
computer that has many users logged on to it using
same resources in banks or airline systems etc.

c. Real-time System reacts immediately within a specified. A real-time OS

does not necessarily have to be fast but has to be quick enough to respond to
inputs.
Embedded computers often contain an RTOS as many are used to control the
process. For example, the engine management system within a car uses a real-time
operating system in order to react to feedback from sensors placed throughout the
engine. Computers operating in real time are often dedicated to the control of
systems such as industrial processes, planes & space flights.

Q. 5. Basic Icons of Windows O.S.

Categorically the icons are break up into Program icons, Shortcut icons & Folder
Icons. Icon is a small graphical object used to carry out specific task usually with the help
of mouse.
Program icons are the shortcuts to load the software. They are created
automatically when the software is installed. Such as executable files of application
software like MS Word etc.
Shortcut icons are the immediate access to the users-defined files. Such as
Khurram.jpg etc.
Folder icons are used to manage the files/sub-folder into it.

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 Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

The most common icons used in A GUI are My Computer, Recycle bin, My
Document, Drive icons & command icons in menu/task bars etc.

Additional Questions/Answers
Q. Describe computer files.
A. Computer files are used to store data. There are of two types of Computer files.
i) Data Files
• A data file contains documents & images.
• These files are created with the help of application software.
• These files can be seen, saved, printed, edited, copied or sent.
ii) Program Files
• Program files contain instructions for the computer for any task.
• These are executable files.
• These include operating system, utilities & application software.

Q. Write down the hardware requirements necessary to install Windows 10.

A. Following are the hardware requirements necessary to install Windows 10.
i) Processor of 2 GHz, recommended is i3-2.0 GHz or plus.
ii) RAM at least 4 GB for 64-bit or plus.
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iii) 20 GB for 64-bit OS free space on the hard disk or plus.

iv) Graphic card with DirectX-10 or latest.
v) A DVD/CD or USB drive or an internet connection.

Q. Which basic steps must be taken before new installation of windows 10?
A. Following steps must be taken before new installation of windows.
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i) Copy the important files on another storage device/computer.

ii) Uncompress any drive unless the drive is compressed with NTFS file system.
iii) Disable disk mirroring.

Q. Describe the method of installation of windows from a CD-ROM/USB.

A. Following steps should be taken to install the windows.

1. Switch on computer system & press F2 to set as 1st boot device.
2. Insert the DVD/CD in the drive or USB in port.
3. Select regional setting i.e. Language, Time & Currency appeared on the screen.
4. Follow the setup instructions “Install now”.
5. Insert product key & check on the “acceptance of license agreement”.
6. Select “custom installation” & the drive C:
7. Create “admin account”.

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 Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

Q. Compare MY Computer & Windows Explorer.

My Computer Windows Explorer
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1 It uses icon & overlapping It uses a single window with a dual-

window on the desktop panned hierarchical view of the
computer resource.
2 My computer is the easier file Windows explorer is preferred by
management model for beginners to experienced users.
use.
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Q. Describe the components of a window.

A. A window has following components.
1 Title Bar
“Title bar is located at top of the window to display the name of application.”
It contains the following information.
i) Control buttons: Used to minimize, maximize or close the window
ii) Control Icon: Shows the name of application
iii) Document name: Shows the name of the document
When we open many windows, the title bar also shows the active & inactive windows.
The title bar of active window is darker than the title bar of inactive window.
2 Status Bar
“Status Bar appears at bottom of window. It provides useful information about the
current window”. For example, the Word’s status bar tells you the functions of
various commands where you place the mouse pointer.
3 Scroll Bars
“Scroll bar appears when information cannot fit into a single window. Scroll bars
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are used to move around the window by clicking on arrow heads or by dragging the
scroll box, it may be vertical & horizontal.”
4 Menu Bar
“Menu bar appears below the title bar. It is used to group the commands used for
processing.”
User can use the menu bar by clicking on desired menu.
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A drop-down menu appears when user clicks on any menu. It contains all the
relevant commands.
Any command that is not available appears dim (usually in gray color).
If a check mark appears with any option, it means that it is currently active.
5 Dialog Boxes
“A dialog box is used to collect information before processing a command. It appears
when an application needs more information before continuing.”

Types of Dialog Box

A dialog box uses several methods for collecting information. Some of dialog boxes
are as follows:
i) Text Box: Used to type information in the box
ii) Check Box: Click the box to turn it on or off. A check mark appears in the box when
option is on.
iii) Option Buttons: Selects a unique option from a group of options

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 Computer Science – IX (2017 Syllabi) Chapter: 02

iv) Command Buttons: Used to execute a command such as OK, CANCEL, APPLY etc.
v) List Box: Make a choice from scrollable list. Multiple options are visible but only the
selected option is highlighted.
vi) Drop Down List Box: Select an option from a drop-down list. Only the selected
option is visible
vii) Slide Box: Drag the slide bar to make a selection
viii) Spin Box: Select the option by clicking arrow buttons.

Q. Describe the purpose of the taskbar.

A. The task bar has following primary functions:
1. It acts as a launching pad for all the application being open. It keeps track of all the
working applications being performed.
2. Running multiple programs, we can shift from one program to the other by simply
clicking on the desired program button on the task bar or pressing Alt+Tab.
3. It also contains a system tray displayed on the right most side. It contained a clock,
small icons to indicate volume control setting for sound, waiting e-mail, printing a
document, antivirus program etc.

Q. Define recycle bin. How a file can be recovered from a recycle bin.
A. Recycle Bin
“Recycle bin is used to hold the deleted files temporarily, until user deletes it
permanently or recover the file.”
Recycle bin only keeps the file which is deleted from hard disk. Any file deleted from
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USB or other storage device is not stored in recycle bin & will be deleted
permanently.
A deleted file can be recovered by the following steps.
i) Open the recycle bin.
ii) Right click on the desired file
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iii) Click on “Restore” option.

Q. Define control panel. Describe various control panel options.

A. Control Panel is used to change/view the settings the properties of the computer”.

The options depend on the hardware & the OS during installation. Some common control

panel options are Accessibility, Add/remove program, regional settings, fonts, Device

manager etc.

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