Grade 10

TLE-AGRI-FISHERY ARTS

HORTICULTURE:
IRRIGATION
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 2
WEEK 2
MELC/ LO4.3 Select and set-up right irrigation system

Prepared by:
MYRNA O. TORRALBA
Master Teacher II
Don Ramon E. Costales Memorial NHS

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What This Module is About
Good day learners! Welcome to this module in Agri- Fishery Arts –Horticulture
Course ( AFA – Horticulture). In this module you will learn skills on how to grow seedlings for
your vegetable garden.
At the end of this module you will be able to apply the knowledge and skills on
growing seedlings. This is the basic skill in horticulture and essential to have a successful
vegetable production.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Lesson

2 IRRIGATION

Growing vegetables is not an easy task. You need to have knowledge on the
different factors regarding irrigation.
In this lesson we will learn about the importance, methods and safety precautions
when dealing with irrigation.

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:

LO4.3 Select and set-up right irrigation system.

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 What’s In

Water is an essential element for survival. About seventy per cent of the human
body consists of water while plants contain almost 90 per cent of water. Still, we have to
depend on some outside sources to fulfil the water requirements of our body.

What’s New

Crops require water for their growth and development. The process of supplying
water to the crops is known as irrigation.

What is It

What is Irrigation?

Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water
requirements. Nutrients may also be provided to the crops through irrigation. The various
sources of water for irrigation are wells, ponds, lakes, canals, tube-wells and even dams.
Irrigation offers moisture required for growth and development, germination and other related
functions.
The frequency, rate, amount and time of irrigation are different for different crops and
also vary according to the types of soil and seasons. For example, summer crops require a
higher amount of water as compared to wet season crops.

Types of Irrigation

There are different types of irrigation practised for improving crop yield. These types of
irrigation systems are practised based on the different types of soils, climates, crops and
resources. The main types of irrigation followed by farmers include:

Surface Irrigation
In this system, no irrigation pump is involved. Here, water is distributed across the land by
gravity.

Localized Irrigation
In this system, water is applied to each plant through a network of pipes under low pressure.

Sprinkler Irrigation
Water is distributed from a central location by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or from
sprinklers from the moving platform.

Drip Irrigation
In this type, drops of water are delivered near the roots of the plants. This type of irrigation is
rarely used as it requires more maintenance.

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Centre Pivot Irrigation
In this, the water is distributed by a sprinkler system moving in a circular pattern.

Sub Irrigation
Water is distributed through a system of pumping stations gates, ditches and canals by
raising the water table.

Manual Irrigation
This a labor intensive and time-consuming system of irrigation. Here, the water is distributed
through watering cans by manual labor.

Methods of Irrigation

Irrigation can be carried out by two different methods:

1. Traditional Methods
2. Modern Methods

Traditional Methods of Irrigation

In this method, irrigation is done manually. Here, a farmer pulls out water from wells
or canals by himself or using cattle and carries to farming fields. This method can vary in
different regions.
The main advantage of this method is that it is cheap. But its efficiency is poor
because of the uneven distribution of water. Also, the chances of water loss are very high.
Some examples of the traditional system are pulley system, lever system, chain
pump. Among these, the pump system is the most common and used widely.

Modern Methods of Irrigation

The modern method compensates the disadvantages of traditional methods and thus
helps in the proper way of water usage.

The modern method involves two systems:

Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system, as its name suggests, sprinkles water over the crop and
helps in an even distribution of water. This method is much advisable in areas
facing water scarcity.
Here a pump is connected to pipes which generate pressure and water is
sprinkled through nozzles of pipes.

Drip System
In the drip system, water supply is done drop by drop exactly at roots
using a hose or pipe. This method can also be used in regions where water
availability is less.

Importance of Irrigation

The importance of irrigation can be explained in the following points:

1. Insufficient and uncertain rainfall adversely affects agriculture. Droughts and famines are
caused due to low rainfall. Irrigation helps to increase productivity even in low rainfall.

2. The productivity on irrigated land is higher as compared to the un-irrigated land.

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3. Multiple cropping is not possible in Philippines because the rainy season is specific in
most of the regions. However, the climate supports cultivation throughout the year. Irrigation
facilities make it possible to grow more than one crop in most of the areas of the country.

4. Irrigation has helped to bring most of the fallow land under cultivation.

5. Irrigation has stabilized the output and yield levels.

6. Irrigation increases the availability of water supply, which in turn increases the income of
the farmers.

Irrigation should be optimum because even over-irrigation can spoil the crop
production. Excess water leads to waterlogging, hinder germination, increased salt
concentration and uprooting because roots can’t withstand standing water. Thus the proper
method is to be used for the best cultivation.

What I Have Learned

Directions. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

_____1. Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water
requirements.
_____2. Irrigation decreases the availability of water supply.
_____3. Insufficient and certain rainfall adversely affects agriculture.
_____4. Irrigation has stabilized the output and yield levels.
_____5. The productivity on irrigated land is lower as compared to the un-irrigated land.
_____6. Irrigation should be optimum because even over-irrigation can spoil the crop
production.
_____7. Less water leads to waterlogging.
_____8. Irrigation facilities make it impossible to grow more than one crop in most of the
areas of the country.
_____9. Irrigation helps to increase productivity even in low rainfall.
_____10. In the Sprinkler system, water supply is done drop by drop exactly at roots
using a hose or pipe.

Summative Assessment

I. Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. The process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements.
a. Irrigation b. Cultivation c. both a and b d. none of these
2. The various sources of water for irrigation.
a. Wells b. Ponds c. both a and b d. none of these
3. Require a higher amount of water.
a. Wet Crops b. Summer Crops c. both a and b d. none of these

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4. In this system, no irrigation pump is involved.
a. sub irrigation b. manual irrigation c. both a and b d. none of these
5. In this, the water is distributed by a sprinkler system moving in a circular pattern.
a. Centre Pivot b. Manual Irrigation c. both a and b d. none of these
6. Water is distributed through a system of pumping stations gates, ditches and canals by
raising the water table.
a. sub irrigation b. manual irrigation c. both a and b d. none of these
7. Irrigation has stabilized the ____________.
a. output b. yield c. both a and b d. none of these
8. Irrigation can be _____________.
a. traditional b. modern c. both a and b d. none of these
9. In this system, water is applied to each plant through a network of pipes under low
pressure.
a. sub irrigation b. manual irrigation c. both a and b d. none of these
10. This type of irrigation is rarely used as it requires more maintenance.
a. sprinkler b. drip c. both a and b d. none of these
11. Water is distributed across the land by gravity.
a. surface b. drip c. both a and b d. none of these
12. A type of modern method of irrigation.
a. Sprinkler b. Drip c. both a and b d. none of these

II. Directions. Write TRUE if the underlined word makes the statement correct and if not,
Write the right term that makes it accurate.

_____1. Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water
requirements.
_____2. Irrigation decreases the availability of water supply.
_____3. Insufficient and certain rainfall adversely affects agriculture.
_____4. Irrigation has stabilized the output and yield levels.
_____5. The productivity on irrigated land is lower as compared to the un-irrigated land.
_____6. Irrigation should be optimum because even over-irrigation can spoil the crop
production.
_____7. Less water leads to waterlogging.
_____8. Irrigation facilities make it impossible to grow more than one crop in most of the
areas of the country.

III. Directions. With the current type of climate we have in Pangasinan, what type of
Irrigation best suits our farms and gardens? Explain comprehensively. (5 Pts)

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Answer Key
What I have Learned
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. FALSE
9. TRUE
10. FALSE

References:

1. Irrigation. https://byjus.com/biology/irrigation/#irrigation

School Self-Learning Module Development Committee:

Chairman: Dr. Rowena Lea G. Moreno (School Principal IV)
Co-Chairman: Dr. Maribeth S. Tugare (Head Teacher III, TLE Dept.)
Content Researcher: Mrs. Myrna O. Torralba (Master Teacher II)
Language Validator: Mr. Ulysses M. Bañaga (Teacher III)
ICT Validator: Mr. Jeffrey O. Torralba (Teacher III)