HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module
because
you have:
o Been working for some time
o Already have completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your teacher that you are competent in a particular skill
or skills, talk
to him/ her about having them formally recognized so you don’t have to do the same
training
again. If you have a qualification or certificate of competency from previous
trainings show it to
your teacher. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to this
module, they may
become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the
currency of
your skills, discuss it with your teacher.
After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competency. Result of
you
assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities
are designed
for you to complete your own pace.
Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete followed by
relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more
than one
learning activity.
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Computer
Systems
Servicing II. It includes activities and materials on Installation of Computer
System and
Networks.
Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding module on
the
Installing and Configuring Computer Systems.
This module consists of learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning
activities supported by each instruction sheets. Before you perform the
instructions, read the
information sheets and answer the self-check and activities provided to ascertain
to yourself and
your teacher that you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform skill
portion of the
particular learning outcome.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LO1 Assemble computer hardware
LO2 Prepare installer
LO3 Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/devices
LO4 Install application software
LO5 Conduct testing and documentation

TECHNICAL TERMS
Anti-Static - product that prevents the build-up of static electricity
BIOS – Basic Input/ Output System, chip that controls the most basic functions of
the
computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
Flash drive – RAM that can retain data without electrical power. It is widely used
for
BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital music storage.
Graphic tablet- objects are drawn using a pen or a puck. The uck is technically a
tablet
cursor, not a mouse.
Goggles – a large spectacles with shields around the rims, for protecting the eyes
from
dust, excessive light, wind, etc.
Hard-disk drive – is a storage device that stores billions of characters of data on
a non-
removable disk.
Hardware – refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a computer
system. Hardware components are further divided into three groups.
Joy stick – a hand-held control stick that allows a player to control the movements
of a
cursor on a computer screen or a symbol in a video game.
LAN Card – Local area network interface card.
Laptop Computer – A small, portable computer – small enough that it can sit on your
lap.
Local Area Network – the smallest of the three types, consist of PCs connected
together
within a limited area, such as within the same building, floor or department.
Mainframe – a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more than 50 miles. It is
design
to connect LANs spanning a town or city.
Minicomputer – a multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
Multimedia – is the combination of different types of communication media (sound,
print, video, and so on.)
Multitester - an instrument use to measure voltage, current and resistance.
NIC – Network Interface Card The PC expansion board that plug into a personal
computer or server and works with the network operating system to control the flow
of
information over the network.
Network – a communication system connecting two or more computers.
OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
Operating System (OS) –software that controls the allocation and use of programs
and
data that a computer uses.
Passive Hubs – simply connects various cables.
Personal Computer – A small, single-user computer based on microprocessor.
Port hub / port – a connector on the back of the computer or other device. A port
is either
a serial port or a parallel port.
Peers – means any computer sharing the same protocol layer with another computer.
Protocol – refers to the specific standards governing the sending and receiving of
data.
Printer – it is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as hard
copy)
of information generated by the computer.
RAM – Random Access Memory – I a primary memory. This memory is used inside the
computer to hold programs and data while it is running.

RJ 45 – is the connector plugged into the NIC ports in computers and often
connecting
the main networking hardware together.
Router – a device that forwards data packets between local or wide area network
groups.
Scanner – it is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the
information into a form that a computer can use.
Server – a part of a network. It is a special computer that users on the network
can assess
to carry out a particular job.
Software – programs and data that a computer uses.
Software application- enables you to perform specific tasks- solve problems,
perform
work, or entertain yourself.
Sound Device Driver Installer / sound and audio devices – a windows XP control
panel
applet, called sounds and multimedia I windows 2000, for configuring the system’s
sound
card.
Static – the discharge of electricity between two objects with different electrical
potential
Sub-notebook computer – a portable computer that is slightly lighter and smaller
than a
full-sized notebook computer. Typically, sub-notebook computers have smaller
keyboards and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to notebook computers.
USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals such as
the
keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and telephony devices.
Video Camera – camera using videotape: a camera that records onto videotape.

Program / Course : Computer System Servicing NC II

Unit of Competency : Install and Configure Computer Systems
Module : Installing and Configuring Computer Systems
Learning Outcome 01: Assemble computer hardware
Assessment Criteria:
1. Unit assembly is planned and prepared to ensure OH&S policies and procedures are
followed in accordance with systems requirements.
2. Materials necessary to complete the work are identified and obtained in
accordance with
established procedures and checked against systems requirements.
3. Tool, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work
are
obtained in accordance with established procedures and checked for correct
operation and
safety.
4. Computer hardware is assembled in accordance with established procedures and
system
requirements
5. Basic- input-output system (BIOS) configuration is performed in accordance with
hardware requirements.
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
OHS Policies and Procedures
Occupational Health and Safety Policy
In the school as a computer teacher you must be aware of how your students
behave when they are working in the computer laboratory, as well as implementing a
safe
way of accomplishing every task. Safety practices should be learned early and
always
adhered to when working with any electrical device, including personal computers
and
peripherals. This is for the protection of not only the people working with them,
but also
for the devices themselves. The basis for this process begins with your
Occupational
Health and Safety Policies.
Personal Safety While Working Along with PC’s
Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even
killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when working along PC’s. The
following are some precautionary measures to take before working with any computer
equipment:
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (OHS) PROCEDURES

1. Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being
shocked
or seriously injured in electrical accident.
2. Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
3. Do not remove expansion cards or other components a computer when it is turned
on.
4. Removed all jewel when non-working inside any computer relate equipment.
5. Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
6. Do not over tighten the screws.
7. Always handle computer components by the edges.
8. Wear an anti-static device to prevent electro static discharge
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2
Tools, Equipment and Testing
The following tools and equipment are classified according to their functions and
uses.
 LAN Card – a network interface card. This is a computer circuit board or card
that
is installed in a computer so it can be connected to a network.
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 Server – part of a network, it is a special computer that users on the network
can
assess to carry out a particular job.

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 Port hub / port a connector on the back of a computer or other device. A port is
either a serial port or a parallel port
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 Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) a device that allows a given computer to share
data or otherwise a device that allows a given computer to share or otherwise a
device which let computers exchange information.
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wireless-network-3d-render-.html
 USB (Universal Serial Bus) a hardware interface for low sped peripherals such as
the keyboard, mouse, joystick, printer and telephony devices.

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 Scanner – an output device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that a computer can use.
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 Flat Screw Driver – used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws.
https://www.amazon.com/Flat-Head-Screwdriver-Bit-Shaft/dp/B000W8UT8I
 Printer – a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy

HOW TO ASSEMBLE A BASIC DESKTOP PC

Learning Competencies
1. Determine requirements of task in accordance with the required output
2. Follow client-specific guidelines and procedure
3. Apply required data security guidelines in accordance with existing procedures
Step 1. Gather Tools and Supplies
 Gather the tools you will need for the projects:
 Screwdriver (for slotted and Philips head screws)
 Wire cutters and strippers
 Needle-nosed pliers
 Utility knife
 Small flash light
 Adjustable wretch
 Small container to hold screws
 Heat sink compound
 Grounding strap
Step 2. Open the case
Open the computer case by removing the side panels. Find the screws that hold the
side panels in place
and remove. The panel is removed by first sliding it back then lifting it away from
the case.
Step 3. Wear an anti-static device
Put the grounding strap on your wrist (Figure 10) and connect the other end to the
computer case. If
your strap is not equipped with a clip to hook to the case, find a place to wedge
against the metal as
shown in figure 11. This will prevent any build-up of static electricity on your
body from damaging the
computer components.

CAUTION: Static electricity can ruin computer components. Always wear a grounding
strap when
handling any internal components.
Step 4 Install Motherboard
To install the motherboard we need parts that should have been included with your
purchased
components:
1/O Bezel is a trim panel installed in the back of the case that surrounds the
interface ports on the
motherboard. It should be included with the mother board. Figure 12 shows the
contents of the
motherboard box.
Standoffs are installed in the case screw holes to create a riser that separates
the case and
motherboard. The screws install into the standoffs as shown in figure 13. Screws
and standoffs should
be included with the case, but it is good idea to order these items just in case
they aren’t included.
Step 5 Install Hard Drive
The hard drive is the device that stores all of your data. It is 3.5” wide and
needs to be mounted so that
you can gain access to the cable connections. (figure 16). If that is not possible
you may need to connect
cables before you install the drive. To mount the drive:

Find a 3.5 drive bay to install the drive in if you have trouble finding a place to
mount the drive consult
your case documentation for suggestions. Slide the drive into a place until the
screw holes on the sides
are lined up with holes in the case.
Install the screws

Configuration and Computer System and Network’s Hardware

What is Computer?
A computer is a device that
accepts information (in the
form of digitalized data) and
manipulates it for some result
based on a program or
sequence of instructions on
how the data is to be
processed.

Configuration and Computer System and Network’s Hardware

What is Computer?
A computer is a device that
accepts information (in the
form of digitalized data) and
manipulates it for some result
based on a program or
sequence of instructions on
how the data is to be
processed.

TYPES OF COMPUTER:
1. Super computer The most
powerful computers in terms of
performance and data
processing are the super
computers

TYPES OF COMPUTER:
2. Mainframe computer Although
mainframes are as powerful as
supercomputers, but certainly quite
expensive nonetheless, and many
large firms & government
organizations uses mainframes to
run their business operations

TYPES OF COMPUTER:
3. Minicomputer
Minicomputers are used by small
business & firms. Minicomputers are
also called as “Midrange
Computers”.

TYPES OF COMPUTER:
4.Microcomputer Desktop
computers, laptops, personal digital
assistant, (PDA), tablets &
smartphones are all types of
microcomputers.

THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE

COMPUTER:
System unit – act like the centre of
core, processing the data and
information it receives from input
devices.

THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE

COMPUTER:
Input devices – an input device is
any hardware device that sends data
to a computer, allowing you to
interact with and control the
computer

THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE

COMPUTER:
. Output devices – these are the
devices like printers. It receives the
system unit’s processed information

THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE

COMPUTER:
. Output devices – these are the
devices like printers. It receives the
system unit’s processed information

1. System Case A computer case also known as a

computer chassis, tower, system unit, cabinet, base unit
or simply case and sometimes incorrectly referred to as
the “CPU” or hard drive, is the enclosure that contains
most of the components of a computer
2. Motherboard A motherboard (sometimes alternatively
known as the main board, system board, planar board or
logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) the main printed
circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other
expandable systems

3. CPU A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic

circuitry within a computer that carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the
basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O)
operations specified by the instructions.
4. Power Supply (wattage) A power supply is an
electronic device that supplies electric energy to an
electrical load.
5. Hard Disk (Storage Capacity – Gigabytes GB)
A hard disk drive (HDD) hard disk, hard drive
or fixed disk is a data storage device used for
storing and retrieving digital information using
one or more rigid (hard) rapidly rotating disks
(platters) coated with magnetic material.

Configuration and Computer System and Network’s Hardware

Learning Competencies
1. Determine requirements of task in accordance with the required output
2. The learners demonstrate and understanding of concepts and underlying principles
in
performing computer operations.
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3
Configuration and Computer Systems and Network’s Hardware

SELF CHECK 1.4

What is Computer?
A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data)
and
manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on
how the data is to be
processed.
TYPES OF COMPUTER:
Since the advent of the first computer different types and sizes of computers are
offering different
services. Computers can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as
laptop or a
microcontroller in systems. The four basic types of computers are:
1. Super computer
The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the
super
computers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by large
organizations. These
computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like NASA uses
supercomputers for
launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration.

Space Exploration
Supercomputers are used to study the origin of the universe, the dark matters. For
these studies
scientist use IBM’s powerful supercomputer “Roadrunner” at National Laboratory Los
Alamos.
Earthquake studies
Supercomputers are used to study the earthquakes phenomenon. Besides that
supercomputers
are used for natural resources exploration, like natural gas, petroleum, coal, etc.
Weather Forecasting
Supercomputers are used for weather forecasting, and to study the nature and extent
of
Hurricanes, Rainfalls, Windstorms, etc.
Nuclear weapons testing
Supercomputers are used to run weapon simulation that can test the range, accuracy
& impact
of nuclear weapons.
Popular supercomputers
 IBM’s sequoia, in United States
 Fujitsu’s K computer in Japan
 IBM’s Mira in United States
 IBM’s superMUC in Germany
 NUDT Tianhe-1A in China
2. Mainframe computer
Although mainframes are as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly quite
expensive
nonetheless, and many large firms & government organizations uses mainframes to run
their
business operations. The maintenance computers with large data storage capacity,
mainframes
can also process & store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions &
insurance
companies use mainframe computers to store data about educational institutions &
insurance
policy holders.
Popular mainframe computers
 Fujitsu’s ICL VME
 Hitachi’s Z800
3. Minicomputer

Minicomputers are used by small business & firms. Minicomputers are also called as
“Midrange
Computers”. These are small machines and can be accommodated ob a disk with as nit
processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & mainframes. These
computers
are not design for single user. Individual departments of a large company or
organizations use
min-computers for specific purposes. For example, A production department can use
min-
computers for monitoring certain production process.
Popular Minicomputers
 K-202
 Texas Instrument TI-990
 SDS-92
 IBM Midrange computers
4. Microcomputer
Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant, (PDA), tablets &
smartphones are all
types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing
computers: these computers are the cheapest among the other three types of
computers. The
micro-computers are specially designed for general usage like entertainment,
education and
work purposes. Well known manufacturers of micro-computer consoles, sound &
navigation
system of a car, netbooks, PDA’s Table Pc’s smartphones, calculators are all types
of
microcomputers.
THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE COMPUTER
 System unit – act like the centre of core, processing the data and information it
receives
from input devices.
 Input devices – an input device is any hardware device that sends data to a
computer,
allowing you to interact with and control the computer.
 Output devices – these are the devices like printers. It receives the system
unit’s
processed information

Input Devices
The most commonly used or primary
input devices on a computer are the keyboard
and mouse. However, there are dozens of other
devices that can also be used to input data into
the computer.
Output Device
Any peripheral that receives data from
a computer, usually for display, projection, or
physical reproduction.
Basic Parts of the System Unit
1. System case
2. Motherboard
3. CPU
4. Power Supply
5. Hard Disk
6. CDROM drive
7. Expansion Slot
1. System Case
A computer case also known as a
computer chassis, tower, system unit,
cabinet, base unit or simply case and
sometimes incorrectly referred to as
the “CPU” or hard drive, is the
enclosure that contains most of the
components of a computer.

Two Types of System Case

1. Tower (full, mid, mini) – designed to sit
vertically
2. Desktop (standard, slimline) – designed
to sit vertically.
2. Motherboard
A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the main board, system board,
planar board or logic
board, or colloquially, a mobo) the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in
computers and other
expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial
electronic
components of a system such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and
provides
connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a back plane, a motherboard contains
significant sub-system
such as the processor and other components.
3. CPU
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that
carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical,
control and
input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The term has been used
in the computer
industry at least since the early 1960’s. traditionally, the term “CPU” refers to a
processor, more
specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these
core elements of a
computer from external components such as main memory and i/o circuitry.

4. Power Supply (wattage)

A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an
electrical load. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to
another and, as
a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters.
Some power
supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger
devices along
with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop
computers and
consumer electronics devices.
5. Hard Disk (Storage Capacity – Gigabytes GB)
A hard disk drive (HDD) hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is a data storage
device used for
storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid (hard) rapidly
rotating disks
(platters) coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired with magnetic
heads arranged
on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces. Data
is accessed in
a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can be stored or
retrieved in
any order rather than sequentially. HDD’s retain stored even when powered off.
TWO TYPES OF HARD DISK
- SATA – Serial Advance Technology Attachment

IDE Integrated Drive Electronics

6. CD-Rom ( Capability CDROM/CDRW/DVDROM/DVDDRW)
A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed optical compact disc which contains data. The name is an
acronym
which stands for “Compact Disc Read-Only-Memory.” Computers can read CD-ROMs, but
cannot
write to CD-Compact Disk(700mb)
DVD-Digital Versatile Disk (4.7)
Expansion slot
The expansion slot (also expansion board, adapter card or accessory card) in
computing is a
printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or
expansion slot on a
computer motherboard, backplane riser card to add functionality to a computer
system via the
expansion bus.
This is where you install video card, sound card, in card

RAM- Random Access Memory

Temporary form of storage, it holds the programs/data while the computer is
running.
TYPES OD RAM
1. SIM- Single In Line Memory module contain 1 notch
2. DIMM – Dual in line memory it contain 2 notches
3. DDR- Dual Data Rate(found on latest computer)
DDR1,DDR2,DDR3,DDR4

1. Black Panel Connectors & Ports connectors ports for connecting the computer to
external
devices such as display ports,audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 etc.
2. PCI Slots PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards.
See image
below for a close-up view.
Have been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 (see image below for a close-up view)
3. PCI Express x1 Slot Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network
cards
(Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, Firewire, Esata) and certain
low-end graphics
cards. ( see moher board part 3 below)
4. PCI Express c16 Slot Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwith devices
such as top-
end solid state drives. (see image below for a close-up view)
5. Northbridge also known as Memory Cotroller Hub (MCH)
Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with RAM and graphics card.
Beginning from intel sandy bridge in 2011, this motherboard component is no longer
present as
it has been integrated within the CPU itself.
6. CPU Socket insert CPU here. To learn how to install a CPU.
7. ATX 12V Power Connector Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit
which
supplies power to the CPU.

8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectsto USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a computer
case.
(see image above for a close-up view)
9. Front Panel Connectors Connectsto the power switch, reset switch, power LED,
hard
drive LED and front audio ports of a computer. (See image above for a close-up
view)
10. IDE Connector Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives or dat
transfer.
(See image above for a close-up view.)
Have been replaced over by SATA Connectors (see motherboard component #13 below)
11. CMOS Battery Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the real-time clock
running. (See image above for a close-up-view)
Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor (CMOS)
12. Southbridge Also known as the input/output controller Hub(ICH)
Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with PCI slots, PCI-Express x1 slots
(expansion
cards), SATA Connectors (hard drives, optical drives), USB devices, Ethernet ports
and on-board
audio.
13. SATA Connectors Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state drives and
optical
drives for data transfer. (See image above for close-up view)
14. Fan Headers Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and computer case fans.
(See
image above for close-up-view)

15. RAM Slots insert RAM here. To install RAM

16. ATX Power Connector Connects to the 24-poin ATX power cable of a power supply
unit which
supplies power to the motherboard.
17. mSATA Connector Connects to Msata solid state drive. In most case, this SSD is
used as
cache to speed up hard disk drives, but it’s possible to re-purpose it as a regular
hard drive.
18. Front Panel USB 3.0 Connector Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top of
the computer
case.
19. Power & Reset Button On board button to turn on, turn off and reboot the
computer.
Computer Cable Connections- How to Connect Computer Cables
Learn how t identify computer cable connectors and hook up your computer in minutes
today..
There are four types of computer cable connections to a monitor: VGA, DVI, HDMI and
Display
port. If your monitor accepts two or more cables types (e.g. VGA and DVI), you
should just
connect a single display cable to it. For this example, you can hook up your
monitor to either a
VGA cable or DVI cable (but not both).
If your CPU has integrated graphics and you install a discrete graphics card,
you’ll end up with
two sets of display ports. In this case, ALWAYS connect your display cable to your
graphic card
and not the motherboard.
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
An installation program or installer is a
computer program that installs file,
such as applications, drivers, or other
software, onto a computer.

Installer
An installation program or installer is a
computer program that installs files, such
as applications, drivers, or other software,
onto a computer.

Installer
An installation program or installer is a
computer program that installs files, such
as applications, drivers, or other software,
onto a computer.

Software Packages and Use of Application

Programs
Software is the component of a computer
system which refers to the set of instructions
written in a code-those computers can
understand and execute, another name for
this set of instructions is program.
Three Types of Software
1.System Software (Operation
System)
2.Application software
3. Programming language

Application Software.
This is designed and written to perform specific
personal, business, or scientific processing
tasks, such as payroll, processing, human
resource management, or inventory
management.

Word processor – this serves as an

electronic typewriter and even more. With
word processors, the user can easily
produce quality documents like memos and
reports.
Spread sheets – these
are programs that simulate
a paper divided into rows
and columns, where values
can be placed

Database programs – these serve to

collect a structured collection of data, which
can late be managed and manipulated.
Presentation software –
these are programs that allow
users to create electronic
presentation for reports and
other functions
Desktop publishing software – this allow
the user to create page makeups and do
simple type setting to produce various
materials, such as books pamphlets, reports,
and booklets
Presentation software –
these are programs that
allow users to create
electronic presentation for
reports and other functions

Reference software – these are electronic

versions of various references such as
encyclopedia, almanacs, atlases,
dictionaries, thesauri, and the like.
Graphic programs –
these allow the creation
and manipulation of
graphics, images, objects,
and pictures.

Educational software -these include

tutorials and electronic lessons that give
students knowledge or training in a particular
subject or skill, such as math or science or in
gardening and adventure or cooking
Computer games – these
are programs that make it
possible for computers in
different areas to be
connected allowing their
users to communicate with
each other.

Network software – these are programs

that make it possible for computer in different
areas to be connected, allowing their users
to communicate with each other
Language software –
these provide programmers
with the necessary tools to
write programs and
instructions to computer.

Programming software - Programmers use this

software for making computer programs.
Multimedia refers to
computer system that lets the
user access and interacts with
computerized text high
resolution still graphics,
motion visuals, and sound
Multimedia Systems Multimedia is the
combination of different types of communication
media (sound, print, video, and so on)

Installing other drivers

Proceed to install drivers for your other devices,
such as a sound card if you have one.
Installing of Computer System and Networks
Learning Outcome # 02 Prepare Installer
Learning Competencies:
1. Create portable bootable devices in accordance with software manufacturer
instruction
2. Customized installers are prepared in accordance with software utilization guide
end user
agreement.
3. Installation of portable applications is carried out in accordance with software
user guide
and software license.
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
An installation program or installer is a computer program that installs file, such
as applications,
drivers, or other software, onto a computer.
Installation (or set up) of a computer program (including devices drivers and
plugins), is the act
of making the program ready for the execution. Because the process caries for each
program and
each computer, programs(includng operating system) often come with an installer, a
specialized
program responsible for doing whatever is needed for their installation.
Installation may be part
of a larger software deployment process.
Installer
An instalation program or installer is a computer program that installs files, such
as applications,
drivers, or other software, onto a computer. Some installers are specifically made
to install the
files they contain; other installers are general-purpose and work by reading the
contents of the
software package to be installed.
Common Windows Installer File Extension:
1. Executable-exe
2. Microsoft Windows Installation- msi
3. Compressed Zip File- zip.
4. ISO image- iso.

Learning Outcome # 03 Install operating system and drivers for

peripherals/devices
Learning Competencies:
1. Operating system(OS) is installed in accordance with established installation
procedures
and to comply with end-user requirements
2. Peripherals/devices drivers are installed and configured in accordance with
manufacturer’s instruction and /or OS installation procedures.
3. OS and drivers updates/patches are accessed and installed in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements
4. On-going checks of the quality of the work are undertaken in accordance with
established
procedures
Introduction to computer operating system
Operating System (OS)
 Is as software that manages computer resources and provides programmers/users
with an
interface used to access those resources.
 Is a layer of software which takes care of technical aspects of a computer’s
operation. It
shields the user of the machine from the low-level details of the machine’s
operation and
provides frequently needed facilities.

Software Packages and Use of Application Programs

Software is the component of a computer system which refers to the set of
instructions
written in a code-those computers can understand and execute, another name for this
set of
instructions is program.
Three Types of Software
1. System Software (Operation System)
2. Application software
3. Programming language
System Software. This software tells the CPU what to do; a more common term is
Operating
System (OS). The most popular OS in use for PC microcomputer is Microsoft’s MS DOS.
DOS for short is a collection of various programs that help you control your PC.
Other
operating system is Microsoft windows (from the early windows 95 and 98 to the
current
windows vista, OS 2, MAC OS, Unix, Linux and Apple’s OS 9.
Application Software. This is designed and written to perform specific personal,
business, or
scientific processing tasks, such as payroll, processing, human resource
management, or
inventory management. Common application software are the following:
 Word processor – this serves as an electronic typewriter and even more. With word
processors, the user can easily produce quality documents like memos and reports.
Popular word processors include MS Word and Word Perfect.
 Spread sheets – these are programs that simulate a paper divided into rows and
columns, where values can be placed. These are used for advanced numerical analysis
and calculations. Some of the more common spread sheet programs are lotus 1-2-3
and, Ms.Excel and open calculate.
 Database programs – these serve to collect a structured collection of data, which
can
late be managed and manipulated.
 Presentation software – these are programs that allow users to create electronic
presentation for reports and other functions.
 Desktop publishing software – this allow the user to create page makeups and do
simple type setting to produce various materials, such as books pamphlets, reports,
and booklets. Example of DTP software are MS Publisher and Page maker.
 Reference software – these are electronic versions of various references such as
encyclopaedia, almanacs, atlases, dictionaries, thesauri, and the like.
 Graphic programs – these allow the creation and manipulation of graphics, images,
objects, and pictures. Some of the common graphics programs are CorelDraw, photo
shop, and computer aided design (CAD)
 Educational software -these include tutorials and electronic lessons that give
students
knowledge or training in a particular subject or skill, such as math or science or
in
gardening and adventure or cooking.

 Computer games – these are programs that make it possible for computers in
different areas to be connected allowing their users to communicate with each
other.
 Network software – these are programs that make it possible for computer in
different
areas to be connected, allowing their users to communicate with each other.
 Language software – these provide programmers with the necessary tools to write
programs and instructions to computer.
Programming software - Programmers use this software for making computer programs.
Programming software is a tool to make software using different programming
languages.
Multimedia Systems
Multimedia is the combination of different types of communication media (sound,
print, video,
and so on)
Multimedia refers to computer system that lets the user access and interacts with
computerized text high resolution still graphics, motion visuals, and sound. There
elements in
particular distinguish multimedia: sound, motion, and the opportunity for
interaction.
CD-ROM is the backbone of multimedia applications, a spin-off of audio CD
technology,
stands for compact disk-ready-only memory. The name implies its application. CD-ROM
disks
are created at mastering facilities; just audio CDs are created at a recording
studio. The following
is a sampling of available CD.
 The Grolier electronic encyclopaedia
 The oxford English dictionary
 Microsoft bookshelf
 Great cities of the world
 Sound effects
 The animals
 World atlas
 Dessert storm and others
These days a desktop computer is usually a multimedia computer, with sound and
graphics
capability. A multimedia computer features such equipment as a fast processor, DVD
device;
sound card, graphics card and speakers, and you may also wish to have headphones
and
microphones. You may even wish to add scanner, sound recorder, and digital camera.
Multimedia presentations are becoming more and more prevalent. These types of
presentations are being used not only in encyclopaedia and other reference tools,
but for selling a
product or teaching a new concept.

Device Drivers
Now that you have an operating system installed, you’ll nedd to install drivers for
your
devices such as video cards, network interface cards, sound cards, etc. in many
cases, if windowa
recognizes the device, drivers will be installed automatically. In some cases,
generic drivers are
installed and they will work fine.
Drivers are small software programs that help the operating system use or “drive”
the
device. Whenever a device doesn’t work properly, ask if the proper driver has been
installed.
Drivers Installation Example: Monitor Driver
Installing the proper monitor information files is one of the small things that
purchasing a
fully assembled PC.
Default Monitor Driver
In the control panel, select system to open the system properties dialog box. Then
select
“Device Manager” to get a list of hardware in the PC. Finally, click “Monitor,” and
you’ll see
that a generic monitor is listed.
Installing a sound card drivers
Once the sound card is installed, start the system and let the windows plug and
play
install the sound card’s drivers. After your driver is installed, make a quick trip
to device
manager to make sure that the driver was installed correctly. The printer install
wizard is
perfectly installed.

Installing other drivers

Proceed to install drivers for your other devices, such as a sound card if you have
one.
Whenever a device doesn’t seem to be working properly, ask if you’ve installed the
proper
device driver or if it’s been done automatically, looking for the device under
device manager in
windows is a good way to see if the device driver is installed. As you can see in
the figure below
a question mark by Ethernet controller in device manager shows that network drivers
aren’t yet
installed.
If you’re main board has built-in sound or networking, a CD that contains drivers
probably came
with the main board. Place the CD drive and let windows search for the appropriate
driver.
Other common drivers are LAN (Local Area Networking) driver, CD media driver,
expansion
cards, keyboards, printers, USB devices and others.
How to Install Device Drivers

Install network cables

Assessment Criteria:
1. Define terms associated with the lesson
2. Identify various types networking media
3. Build networking cables
4. Connect and configure a hub or switch and a PC(s)
What is a network?
A network is a collection of computers and related equipment (printers, webcams,
game
consoles, etc.) connected so that data can move between them. Even if you have a
single
computer, it looks to the internet as part of a network. The internet then is a
network of networks.
The majority of networking is done using the internet standard. At the centre of
basic diagram of
a wired network is either a hub or a switcher and computers are connected to the
hub, much like
spokes of a wheel or star. Each connection at the hub is called port.
Three basic network categories
 Local area network - the smallest of the three network types consist of PCs
connected
together within a limited area, such as within the same building, floor or
department.
 Metropolitan area network – are network that spans no more than 50 miles. It is
design to
connect LANs spanning a town or city
 Wide area network – used to distribute information thousands of miles among
thousands
of users.

Kinds of Hub
- Standalone Hubs – are single products with a number of ports. It is usually
include some
method of linking them to other standalone hubs for network expansion.
- Stackable Hubs – work just like standalone hubs, except that several of them can
be
“stacked” (connected) together, usually by short lengths of cable.
- Modular Hubs – are popular in networks because they are easily expanded and
always
have management option. It is purchased as chassis, or card cage, with multiple
card
slots, each of which accepts a communication card, or module
3 Basic Hub Types
- Passive Hubs – simply connects various cables
- Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals
- Intelligent Hubs – select which path a specific signal will travel

A star network is a network where each machine is connected to a central

machine, called a server. The server holds all the software, and the other
machines, called
nodes, request the software from it. Since the server receives all the requests, it
can handle
them one by one, and there are no data crashes. It is possible to have a star
network spawn
another network.
Network Cable
Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network
device to another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with
LANs. In
some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable chosen for a network is
related to
the network’s topology, protocol, and size. Understanding the characteristics of
different
types of cable and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for
the
development of a successful network.
Examples of network media:
 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Cable
 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
 Coaxial cable
 Fibber Optic Cable
 Wireless LANs
 Cable Installation Guides
Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector

The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45

connector. This is a plastic connector that looks like a large telephone-style
connector (see figure
2). A slot allows the RJ-45 to be inserted only one way. RJ stands for registered
jack, implying
that the connector follows a standard designates which wire goes with each pin
inside the
connector.
Wireless LANs

More and more networks are operating without cables, in the wireless mode. Wireless
LANs use high frequency radio signals, infrared light beams, or lasers to
communicate between
the workstations, servers, or hubs. Each workstation and file server on a wireless
network has
some sort of transceiver/ antenna to send and receive the data. Information is
relayed between
transceivers as if they were physically connected. For longer distance, wireless
communications
can also take place through cellular telephone technology, microwave transmission,
or by
satellite.
Wireless networks are great for allowing laptop computers, portable devices, or
remote
computers to connect to the LAN. Wireless networks are also beneficial n older
buildings where
it may be difficult or impossible to install cables.
Cable Installation Guides
The two most common network cables:
1. Straight through cable- connected from PC to switch/hub
2. Crossover cable – connected from PC to PC (limited to two computers only)
What is RJ45?
RJ Stands for Registered Jacks. These are used in telephone and data jack wiring
registered with FCC. RJ-11 is a 6-position, 4-conductor jack used in telephone
wiring, and RJ-45
is a 8-position, 8-conductor jack used in 10baseT and 100baseT Ethernet wiring.
Wiring standards for RJ45
1. T568A
2. T568B

Patch Panel
a device or unit featuring a number of
jacks, usually of the same or similar type, for the
use of connecting and routing circuits for
monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits
networking, recording studios, radio and
television.

Patch panel cable

management Neat patch
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the network cabling world
has ever known. Neat
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compliant with
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Network Configuration
the process offsetting a network’s controls,
flow and operation to support the network
communication of an organization and/or
network owner.

Set network Configuration

Learning Competencies:
1. Check network connectivity of each terminal in accordance with network design
2. Diagnose and repair any problem or fault in the network system in line with
standard
operating procedure
3. Configure Network Interface Card (NIC) in accordance with the network design
4. Carry out communication check between terminals in accordance with operating
systems
network configuration guides
5. Respond to unplanned events or conditions in accordance with established
procedures
Patch Panel
A patch panel, patch bay, patch field is a device or unit featuring a number of
jacks,
usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing circuits
for monitoring,
interconnecting, and testing circuits networking, recording studios, radio and
television.
Patch panel cable management
Neat patch is the ultimate in patch panel rack management system. A storage
solution
unlike anything the network cabling world has ever known. Neat patch panel rack is
compliant
with telecom/datacom industry standards, and supports proper bend radius
requirements.

Network Configuration
Network configuration is the process offsetting a network’s controls, flow and
operation
to support the network communication of an organization and/or network owner. This
broad term
incorporates multiple configuration and setup processes in network hardware,
software and other
supporting devices and components.
Below is the example of basic configuration in computer system servicing.
References:
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Set router/Wi-Fi/wireless access point/repeater configuration

Learning Competencies:
1. Configure client device systems settings in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions
and end user preference
2. Configure LAN in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and network design
3. Configure WAN in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and network design
4. Configure wireless settings in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions,
network
design, and end-user preferences
5. Configure security/firewall/advanced settings in accordance with manufacturers
instruction and end-user preferences
Router Configuration
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between
computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the internet.
A data packet
is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that
constitute the
internet work until it reaches its destinations.
How to change the WIFI name and WIFI password
The cause of the change WIFI name and wireless password is to protect the wireless
network.
This article will guide you how to change the Wi-Fi name and wireless password.
Part 1: login the homepage of the router
Part 2: change SSID and wireless password
Part 3: reboot the router
1. Type the password as admin in the bars to login the setting page.

2. Click on advanced on the homepage to login the advance setting page

3. Click on wireless, then click on wireless basic settings and make sure that
wireless is
enabling. Make sure the SSID Broadcast was checked, on otherwise the wireless
signal
will not be found in your wireless bar of your computer. Also you change the
primary
SSID as you want. Then open drop down menu of the 802.11 mode option and choose the
mode as 11b/g/n mixed mode. On this page you can choose the channel and the
extension
channel will be selected automatically after choosing the channel. Then let other
settings
as defaulted, then click on save to save settings.

Note:
The channel l1, channel 6. And channel 11 are recommended, since they are idle.
4. Click on wireless, then click on wireless security and choose security mode as
WA-PSK,
and the open the drop down menu of the WPA algorithms option then select the type
as
AES set Security key as you want. At last, let the other options as defaulted and
hit on the
save button to save the settings.

10 useful options you can configure in

your router’s web interface
Your wireless router has a variety of useful options you
can configure. These are practically hidden- you
wouldn’t know this features exist unless you were
digging through your router’s configuration pages.
Bear in mind that different routers have different
options. You may not have all the options listed here on
your own router. The options will be also in different places with different names.
Accessing Your Router’s Web Interface
The vast majority of routers have web-based configuration pages that you can access
in your web
browser as long as you’re o the same local network as the router. To access your
router’s web
interface, you’ll just need to plug your router’s local IP address into your web
browser’s address
bar.
To find its IP address, open the network and sharing centre in the windows control
panel. Click
the name of your internet connection.

Look for the IPv4 default gateway IP address in the details window. Plug this IP
address into
your web browser’s address bar.
You’ll need to log in with your username and password combination. If you don’t
know these,
your router is probably using it’s default combination- check your router’s manual
of perform a
web search for its model number and “default password.” If you’ve previously
changed the
password and can’t remember it, reset your router’s password to the default.
Once you’ve logged in, you can now browser your router’s configuration pages and
configure its
settings.

How to find your private and public IP address

Your router likely provides a way o see who’s connected to your wireless network.
This may be
on general status page or in the wireless section behind a button named “clients
list” or similar.
If you give your devices and computers meaningful names, this will help you verify
that only
approved devices are connected.
The router’s administrations pages also show other information about the internet
connection,
including your external IP address.
Wireless channel
You can modify a variety of wireless network settings in your router’s web
interface, including
its wireless channel;. Changing your router’s wireless channel can speed up your
Wi-Fi. If many
other wireless networks in your area are using the same wireless channel,
interference will result
in a slower connection.
Before changing your wireless channel, use something like Wi-Fi analyser for
android or the in
SSIDer utility windows. They’ll scan the networks in the local area and fne the
best wireless
channel with the least interference.

Change your Wi-Fi channel to optimize your wireless signal

Repeating
If you need to create a wireless network covering a large area, one router may not
be enough.
You’ll have to use multiple routers, but you don’t necessarily want to create
separate wireless
networks for each individual router. With the repeating feature found on many
routers, you can
have the router join itself to the main network, functioning as a repeater for that
network. This
allows you to create one large Wi-Fi network from many different routers.
Quality Service
Many routers contain quality service, or QoS features. QoS prioritizes traffic to
give you a better
experience. For example, QoS can reduce the network band width available to bit
Torrent
transfers and prioritize web pages, preventing your Bit Torrent transfers from
slowing down your
web browsing. This is particularly useful if you have a network with multiple
people and want to

prevent one bad apple from slowing down the entire network. QoS features are often
fairly
configurable, so you may even be able to prioritize one computer’s network
connections over
others.
Dynamic DNS
If you’re hosting some sort of server on your computer, you’ll need to be able to
connect
remotely. However, many ISPs assign dynamic IP addresses that change regularly.
Dynamic
DNS gets around this by assigning a special address like yourcomputer.service.com
to your
computer. Whenever you’re external IP address changes, your router will check in
the dynamic
DNS service and update the IP address associated with yourcomputer.serice.com, so
you’ll
always be able to connect to your computer there.
Routers generally have dynamic DNS or DDNS pages where this feature can be
configured.
You’ll need to create an account with a supported service and choose a hostname
first – check
your router’s DDNS page for a list of supported services.

Port Forwarding, Pot Triggering, DMZ & UpnP

Because of the way network address translation (NAT) works, routers block incoming
traffic by
default. If you want to set up a computer as a server or use other services that
require incoming
connections- such as peer too peer file transfers or some forms of VoIP- you may
need these
incoming connections.
Routers provide a variety of ways to enable tis. You can forward ports so incoming
connections
on these ports will always be sent to a certain computer. You can set up port
triggering, so port
forwarding will automatically be enabled whenever a program opens a connection on a
certain
port. You can use connections on your network to a single computer. UPnP is also
generally
enabled by default. UPnP allows programs to forward their own ports on demand,
although it
isn’t very secure.

Even if your router doesn’t contain parental controls, you can still set up
parental controls by
changing your DNS server to open DNS.
Reboot

You may want to reboot your router if you’re experiencing network issues. You can
do this by
unplugging the router or pressing a button on it, but the router may be in a hard-
to-get to
location.
You’ll usually find a convenient button to reboot your router somewhere on its
configuration
pages, so you can reset your router without even getting up.
For advanced users: third-party router firmware
If you want more out of your router, you can install a variety of third-party
router firmware.
You’ll need to have a router that supported by these firmware, so this isn’t for
everyone. In fact,
if you really want to use this router firmware you should take this into account
when you buy a
router and ensure it’s compatible.
Popular router firm wares include SS-WRT tomato and openWRT. This firmware all
provide
additional options that you wouldn’t normally get on your router. OpenWRT in
particular is a
full embedded Linux distribution with a package manager, allowing you to access a
Linux shell
and install software on your router, effectively allowing you to use it as an
always-running, low-
power server.

We haven’t covered everything you can do with your router’s web-based

administration pages.
Feel free to take a look around your router’s web interface and see all the options
you can
configure. You can also consult your router’s manual for information specific to
your router
model.

IEEE 802.11 WIRELESS LAN STANDARD

• In Response To Lacking Standards, IEEE Developed The First Internationally
Recognized Wireless LAN Standard – IEEE 802.11
• IEEE Published 802.11 In 1997, After Seven Years Of Work
• Most Prominent Specification For WLANS
• Scope Of IEEE 802.11 Is Limited To Physical And Data Link Layers.
802.11 Networks Can Be Used In Two
Modes:
1. Infrastructure And
2. Ad Hoc Mode
Types
Infrastructure Mode Requires
A Central Access Point That
All Devices Connect To.
Ad-hoc Mode Is Also Known As
“Peer-to-peer” Mode.
Ad-hoc Networks Don't
Require A Centralized Access
Point.
Instead, Devices On The
Wireless Network Connect
Directly To Each

MAC Layer Covers Three

Functional Areas:
IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control:
MAC
1.Reliable Data
Delivery
2.Access
Control
3.Security
When Employing Wireless Transmission, This Has The
Disadvantage That It Is Relatively Easy To Listen In To Any
Data Transferred. This Is Why We Need To Be Encrypted.
There Are Different Encryption Methods In Existence.
ENCRYPTION
WEP
Wired Equivalent
Privacy was the first
encryption key
protocol.
• it is no longer
considered safe
and is relatively
easy to hack.
• This is why we
should no longer
use it.
WPA
WiFi Protected Access
has been developed from
the WEP protocol.
• Improved security
mechanisms provide
better protection.
• a dynamic key was
introduced for the
purpose of transfers.
WPA2
WPA2 builds on WPA
But employs the strong AES
algorithm to encode the data
transfer.

• WI-FI OR WIFI Is A Technology That Allows Electronic Devices To Connect To

A Wireless LAN (WLAN) Network.
• The Range Of A Residential Wi-fi Network Depends On
1.The Wireless Access Point (WAP) Or Wireless Router
2.Its' Antenna(s) Sensitivity, As Well As
3.The Exact 802.11 Standard Being Used
Range
A general rule of thumb in home networking says that 802.11b/g WAPs and routers
support a range of up to 150 feet (46 m) indoors and 300 feet (92 m) outdoors.
Another rule of thumb holds that the effective range of 802.11a is approximately
one-third that of 802.11b/g.
Obstructions in home such as brick walls and metal frames or siding
can greatly reduce the range of a Wi-Fi LAN by 25% or more.

FUTURE OF WLAN:
• WLANS MOVE TO MATURITY
• HIGHER SPEEDS
• IMPROVED SECURITY
• BETTER ERROR CONTROL
• LONG DISTANCES
• NEW VENDORS
• GLOBAL NETWORKING
ANYWHERE, ANYTIME, ANY-FORM CONNECTIVITY…
Future!
Mobility:The Primary Advantage Of Wireless Technology.
Having This Freedom Of Being Able To Move Around
Without Wires Being Connected.
Ease And Cost Of Installation :Need To Have To Run Cables Through
Walls And Ceilings Is Eliminated With A Wireless LAN.
Easier Network Modifications
Increased Network Reliability :One Of The Most Common Network
Problems Is Having Cable Failures.
Advantag
e

Speedier Disaster Recovery :If Primary Operations Go Down, Having A

WLAN Makes Life Easier. Allowing Ability For Network To Be Up And Running
So Fast Without Business Being Significantly Disturbed.
Radio Signal Interference :wireless Devices Operate In The Same Radio
Frequency As Other Devices. Signals From Other Devices Can Disrupt Wireless
Transmissions, Or A WLAN Device Can Interfere With Other Devices.
Security :the Wireless Signal Is Broadcast In Open Air Making Security A Big
Concern. Security Has Improved For WLAN But It Remains A Major Issue And
Must Be Properly Addressed.

DISADVANTAGE OF WLAN
1.HEALTH RISK
• Being A Health Risk Is A Ongoing Issue. Wireless Devices Emit Low Levels Of
RF. It Is A Know Fact That High Levels Of RF With Heating Effects Can Cause
Biological Damage.
2.COSTWireless Network Cards Cost 4 Times More Than Wired Network Cards.
• The Access Points Are More Expensive Than Hubs And Wires.
3.SIGNAL BLEED OVER
• Access Points Pick Up The Signals Of Adjacent Access Points Or Overpower
Their Signal.
4.ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
• Susceptible To Weather And Solar Activity.
• Constrained By Buildings, Trees, Terrain.

WIRELESS LAN APPLICATIONS:

•
MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS
CORPORATE
EDUCATION
TEMPORARY SITUATIONS
AIRLINES
SECURITY STAFF
EMERGENCY CENTERS
Applicatio
ns

Access Points:A Special Type Of Routing Device That Is Used To Transmit The
Data Between Wired And Wireless Networking Device Is Called As AP.
Clients:Any Kind Of Device Such As Personal Computers, Note Books, Or Any
Kind Of Mobile Devices Which Are Inter Linked With Wireless Network Area
Referred As A Client Of Wireless LAN Architecture.
Bridge:A Special Type Of Connectors Which Is Used To Establish Connections
Between Wired Network Devices Such As Ethernet And Different Wireless
Networks Such As Wireless LAN. It Is Called As Bridge. .

COMPONENTS OF WIRELESS
ARCHITECTURE:
Wireless LAN Architecture Is Composed Of Different Components Which Help In
Establishing The Local Area Network Between Different Operating Systems.
These Components Are Very Essential For Wi-fi Architecture.
• Access Point
• Clients
• Bridge

HOW WIRELESS LANS WORKS:

Wireless LANs operate in almost the same way as wired LANs, using the same
networking
protocols and supporting the most of the same applications.
Works

• The wireless LAN connects to a wired

LAN
• There is a need of an access point that
bridges wireless LAN traffic into the
wired LAN.
• The access point (ap) can also act as a
repeater for wireless nodes, effectively
doubling the maximum possible distance
between nodes.
Topologie
s

A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN) IS A FLEXIBLE

DATA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED AS AN
EXTENSION TO, OR AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR, A WIRED LAN.
• A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network that
uses radio waves as its carrier.
• The last link with the users is wireless, to give a network
connection to all users in a building or campus.
• The backbone network usually uses cables
What??

Inspect and test the configured computer networks

Learning Competencies:
1. Undertake final inspection of the configuration to conform to the manufacturer’s
instructions/manual
2. Ensure the configuration conforms to the manufacturer’s instructions/manual
3. Check computer networks to ensure safe operation
4. Complete reports according to company requirement
Testing Your Computer Network
You’ve set up all your network switches, plugged in all the cables, and configured
all your
computers. One task remains before you can declare your network finished: you must
verify that
the network works as expected.
Here are a few simple tests you can conduct to make sure your network is
functional.
 Check the physical connections.
Check that the link light – the little red or green light next to the RJ-45 port is
lit on every
computer. You must check this light both on the computer itself and on the switch
or
router the computer is plugged into. If this light is ot on you have a connection
problem –
most likely a bad cable.
 Verify that you can log on
When you’re sure the physical connection are good, you should attempt to log on to
each
of your network computers using a valid domain user account.
 Check the network configuration
Click the start button, type cmd and press enter. Then, enter the command
ipconfig/all
and press enter.

 This command will spit out numerous lines of information. The line you’re looking
for
should resemble this:
 Verify that the computer can ping each other.
Another basic test you should perform is to use the ping command from a command
prompt to make sure that the computers on your network can contact one another.
Ping another computer (LAN only)
Click the start button, type cmd and press enter. Then, enter the command PING
192.168.8.100 and press enter
Ping a website (WAN-internet)
Click the start button, type cmd and press enter. Then, enter the command PING
192.168.8.100 and press enter.

What is an IP address?
An internet protocol address (IP Address) in layman’s terms is basically the
address given to your computer when its connected to a network. Technically
speaking,
an IP Address is a 32-bit number that signifies the address of both the sender and
receiver
of packets on a network.
The two main types of IP Address
1. Static IP Address
As the name speaks, the static IP addresses are those types of IP address that
never
change once they are assigned to a device on a network. No doubt this type of
addressing
is cost effective but could have a high security risk. Static IP Address are mostly
used by
web, email and gaming servers who don’t care much about hiding their locations.
2. Dynamic IP Address
On the other hand, a dynamic IP Address changes each time the device logs in to a
network. This kind of IP Address is very tough to trace and are thus used by
companies
and business firms.
You must be thinking as to who or what allocates this dynamic IP address every time
the
device logs in. well, these IP address are assigned using DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol).
How to set a static IP Address
Normally, your computer’s IP Address has a dynamic IP Address. To find out your
computer’s dynamic IP simply click the start button, type cmd and press enter.
Then, enter the
command IPCONFIG and press enter.

Bandwidth
 Data rate measured in bits (not bytes) per
seconds
 Kbps (Kilobits per seconds)
 125 chars/sec
 Mbps (Megabits per seconds)
 1,250 chars/sec
 Gbps (Gigabits per seconds)
 12,500 chars/sec

Connecting to the Internet

 Requirement
 A computer or PDA or cell phone
 An account with an ISP (Internet Service Provider)
 A modem (modulator/demodulator) for dial-up
services or a NIC (Network Interface Card) for
DSL/Cable services

Connection Types
 LAN
 WLAN
 Dial-up Services
 Broadband Services
 WAN

LAN (Local Area Network)

 A network of computers that are in the same
physical location, such as home or building
 Usually connected using Ethernet
 A standard on how computers communicate over
a shared media (cable)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BNC_connector.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethernet_RJ45_connector_p1160054.jpg
Old: BNC connector for coaxial cable New: RJ45 for twisted pair cable

LAN (Local Area Network)

 Ethernet Standard
 10BaseT
 10Mbps (Mega bits per second)
 100BaseT
 100Mbps
 1000BaseT
 1000Mbps or 1Gbps
 Correction from the book (pg. 10)
 Why do we get faster connection at work or on
campus than at home?

LAN (Local Area Network)

 Question: Can 2 computers communicate by
connecting each other using an Ethernet
cable back-to-back?
WLAN (Wireless LAN)
 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
 A wireless technology that connects computers without
cables
 Access Point (AP)
 A device (base station) that connects wireless devices
together
 Usually connected to a wired-network
 ESSID (Extended Service Set ID)
 A “name” for the AP, eg. mobilenet
 Hotspot
 The area covered by wireless access points

WLAN (Wireless LAN)

 Standard
 802.11b - 11Mbps
 802.11g - 54Mbps
 802.11a - 54Mbps
 Security
 WEP (Wired Equivalen Privacy)
 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
 To prevent wardriving
2.4G
5G

Dial-up Services
 Modem
 Modulator/demodulator
 A device that converts analog signal to digital
(modulation) and vice versa (demodulation)
 Speed
 1200/2400/9600 bps
 14.4/28.8/33.6 Kbps
 56 Kbps

Dial-up Services
 ISDN
 Integrated Services Digital Network
 2 data channel (56K each)
 1 voice channel

Broadband Services
 xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
 A technology that provides digital data transmission over
unused frequencies on traditional telephone lines
 For example, ADSL (Asymmetric DSL): DL > UL
 Speed
 Downlink
 128Kbps - 4Mbps
 Uplink
 64Kbps - 800Kbps
 Need a DSL modem
 Splitters are needed to separate the voice and data
signal

Broadband Services
 Cable
 A technology that provides digital data transmission over cable
TV infrastructure
 Speed
 Downlink
 128Kbps - 3~5Mbps
 Uplink
 64Kbps - 128Kbps~1Mbps
 Need a cable modem

Broadband Services
 Satellite
 A technology that provide digital data transmission over
satellites
 Speed
 Downlink
 500Kbps - 1Mbps
 Uplink
 50Kbps - 100Kbps
 Need a satellite dish

WAN (Wide Area Network)

 A LAN spans a large geographic area,
such as connections between cities
 Usually connected using leased line
 T1 (1.5Mbps)
 T3 (45Mbps)
 OC3 (155Mbps)
 OC12 (622Mbps)
 OC48 (2.4Gbps)
Fiber optic lines
Telecommunication lines

Hub/Switch/Router
 To connect multiple segments of networks
into a larger one
 Hub
 A multiport repeater to enhance signal within the
same LAN
 Switch
 Like hub but with intelligent
 Better performance
 Router
 Forward packets from one LAN to another

Intranet vs. Internet

 Intranet
 A private network that is contained within an
enterprise
 Could be LANs and WANs
 Internet
 A public network of networks
 Both are using TCP/IP

TCP/IP
 A family of protocols that makes the Internet
works
 The Robustness Principle
 “Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in
what you send” - Jon Postel

Packets
 A small chunk of data transmitted over the
Internet
Alice
The
Internet
Bob

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

 A secure tunnel to a private network through
a public network
 Once established, local node appears to be a
node in the private network in a secure
manner
 Correction from the book (pg. 11):
 VPN does not mean using telephone line
connection!!!

Host & IP Address

 Correction from the book:
“A host is a computer connected directly to the
Internet”
“You home computer is not a host”
 Each host needs an IP address
 IP address
 A 32-bit number, arranged in 4 numbers
seperated by “.”
 Eg. 74.125.19.147

DNS (Domain Name System)

 Domain name to IP address conversion
 Eg. www.google.com → ??.???.??.??
 Domain name or IP address lookup
 http://cqcounter.com/whois/

Top-level Domains
 gTLDs (generic TLDs)
 .com, .edu, .net, .org, .gov, .mil
 .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .pro
 ccTLDs (country code TLDs)
 .au, .ca, .br, .de, .fi, .fr, .jp, .hk, .cn, .tw, .my, …
 .us

Second-level Domains
 Domains that are directly below a TLD
 Eg.
 ucr.edu
 google.com
 sony.co.jp
 Must apply to a registrar for the appropriate
TLD

Domain Names & Registrars

 Profitable domain names
 CreditCards.com - $2.75M
 Loans.com – $3M
 Business.com - $7.5M
 Network Solutions, Inc used to monopolize
the name registration
 Now, ~500 registrars

How To Register A Domain Name?

 Come up a new name
 2 name servers’ IP addresses
 1 administrative contact
 1 technical contact
 Register the name to an Internet domain
registrar
 Eg. www.netsol.com, www.godaddy.com
Used to be done via email or fax, now all web-based!

Policies
 AUP (Acceptable Use Policies)
 A legal document, written to protect the ISP from
unlawful use of its service, and outlines prohibited
uses of the service and possible consequences of
misuse
 Privacy Policies
 A document describes an ISP’s policy for
protecting users’ information

Conclusion
 Described how to get connected to the
Internet
 Talked about the related network
technologies and components

INTRODUCTION TO SERVER
A server is a system (software and
suitable computer hardware) that
responds to requests across
a computer network to provide, or
help to provide, a network service.
Servers can be run on a dedicated
computer, which is also often
referred to as "the server", but many
networked computers are capable of
hosting servers. In many cases, a
computer can provide several
services and have several servers
running.

• The term server is used quite broadly in information technology.

Despite the many server-branded products available (such as server
versions of hardware, software or operating systems), in theory any
computerized process that shares a resource to one or more client
processes is a server. To illustrate this, take the common example
of file sharing. While the existence of files on a machine does not
classify it as a server, the mechanism which shares these files to
clients by the operating system is the server.

Similarly, consider a web server application (such as

the multiplatform "Apache HTTP Server"). This web
server software can be run on any capable computer.
For example, while a laptop or personal computer is
not typically known as a server, they can in these
situations fulfill the role of one, and hence be labeled
as one. It is, in this case, the machine's role that
places it in the category of server.

In the hardware sense, the word server typically

designates computer models intended for
hosting software applications under the heavy demand of
a network environment. In this server configuration one
or more machines, either a computer or a computer
appliance, share information with each other with one
acting as a host for the other

SERVER HRDWARE
• Hardware requirement for servers
vary, depending on the server
application. Absolute CPU speed is
not quite as critical to a server as
it is to a desktop machine.
Servers' duties to provide service
to many users over a network lead
to different requirements such as
fast network connections and high
I/O throughout. Since servers are
usually accessed over a network,
they may run in headless mode
without a monitor or input device.
Processes that are not needed for
the server's function are not used.
Many servers do not have
a graphical user interface (GUI) as
it is unnecessary and consumes
resources that could be allocated
elsewhere. Similarly, audio
and USB interfaces may be
omitted.

WHAT SEVER PROVIDES

• In the client/server programming
model, a server is a program that
awaits and fulfills requests
from client programs in the same or
other computers. A given application
in a computer may function as
a client with requests for services
from other programs and also as
a server of requests from other
programs.
• Specific to the Web, a web server is
the computer program (housed in a
computer) that serves
requested html pages or files. A
Web client is the requesting program
associated with the user. The
Web Browser in your computer is a
client that requests HTML files from
Web servers.

TYPES OF SERVER
• Application server a server dedicated to running certain software
applications
• Catalog server a central search point for information across a
distributed network
• Communications server carrier-grade computing platform for
communications networks
• Compute server, a server intended for intensive (esp. scientific)
computations
• Database server provides database services to other computer
programs or computers
• Fax server provides fax services for clients
• File server provides remote access to files
• Game server a server that video game clients connect to in order
to play online together

TYPES OF SERVER
• Home server a server for the home
• Mail server handles transport of and access to email
• Mobile Server or Server on the Go is an Intel Xeon processor based
server class laptop form factor computer.
• Name server or DNS
• Print server provides printer services
• Proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests from clients
seeking resources from other servers
• Sound server provides multimedia broadcasting, streaming.
• Stand-alone server a server on a Windows network that neither
belongs to nor governs a Windows domain
• Web server a server that HTTP clients connect to in order to send
commands and receive responses along with data contents

SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM

• Server-oriented operating systems tend to have certain features
that make them more suitable for the server environment, such as:
• GUI not available or optional
• Ability to reconfigure and update both hardware and software to
some extent without restart
• Advanced backup facilities to permit regular and frequent online
backups of critical data
• Transparent data transfer between different volumes or devices
• Flexible and advanced networking capabilities
• Automation capabilities such as daemons in UNIX and services in
Windows
• Tight system security, with advanced user, resource, data, and
memory protection.

Server-oriented operating systems can, in many

cases, interact with hardware sensors to detect
conditions such as overheating, processor and
disk failure, and consequently alert an operator
or take remedial measures themselves.

DIFFERENT SIZE OF SERVER

• Rack server
• Tower server
• Miniature (home) servers
• Mini Rack server
• Blade server
• Mobile server

CONCLUSION
From the above basic study, Server is a system
(software and suitable computer hardware) that
responds to requests across a computer network to
provide, or help to provide, a network services.
• It has provided a Reduction in usage of paper
Records.
• Communication and security to data has been
increased
• Ease of reliability have been added by server for
users
• Managing data is now much more easier.

Set-up User Access

Learning Competencies:
1. Create user folder in accordance with Network operating system features
2. Configure user access level based on NOS features
3. Establish network access policies/end user requirements
4. Perform security check in accordance with established network access
policies/end
user requirements

Configuration is the way a system is set up, or the

assortment of components that make up the
system. Configuration can refer to either hardware
or software, or the combination of both.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 2

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 The Basic Input Output System, usually referred to
as BIOS, is software stored on a small memory
chip on the motherboard.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 3

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 BIOS instruct the computer on how to perform a
number of basic functions such as booting and keyboard
control. BIOS is also used to identify and configure the
hardware in a computer such as the hard drive, optical
drive, CPU, memory, etc.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 4

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 5

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 The BIOS is accessed and configured through the BIOS
Setup Utility. The BIOS Setup Utility is, for all reasonable
purposes, the BIOS itself. All available options in BIOS
are configurable via the BIOS Setup Utility. The BIOS
Setup Utility is accessed in various ways depending on
your computer or motherboard make and model.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 6

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 BIOS access and configuration on PC systems is
independent of any operating system because the BIOS
is part of the motherboard hardware. It doesn't matter
if a computer is running Windows 7, Windows Vista,
Windows XP, Linux, Unix, or no operating system at all -
BIOS functions outside of the operating system
environment and is no way dependent upon it.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 7

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 BIOS contain a number of hardware configuration
options that can be changed through the setup utility.
Saving these changes and restarting the computer
applies the changes to the BIOS and alters the way BIOS
instructs the hardware to function. The following list
shows the things you can do in most BIOS systems:
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 8

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 The following are things you can do in most BIOS
systems:
 Change the Boot Order
 Load BIOS Setup Defaults
 Remove a BIOS Password
 Create a BIOS Password
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 9

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 The following are things you can do in most BIOS
systems:
 Change the Date and Time
 Change Floppy Drive Settings
 Change Hard Drive Settings
 Change CD/DVD/BD Drive Settings
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 10

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 The following are things you can do in most BIOS
systems:
 View Amount of Memory Installed
 Change the Boot Up NumLock Status
 Enable or Disable the Computer Logo
 Enable or Disable the Quick Power On Self Test
(POST)
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 11

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

 The following are things you can do in most BIOS
systems:
 Enable or Disable the CPU Internal Cache
 Enable or Disable the Caching of BIOS
 Change CPU Settings
 Change Memory Settings
 Change System Voltages
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 12

Now that you successfully installed the operating system,

you’ll need to configure the devices such as Video Cards,
Network Interface Cards, Sound Cards, etc by installing the
device drivers of each.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 13

In many cases, if Windows recognizes the device, drivers

will be installed automatically. In some cases, generic
drivers are installed so that the devices will work properly.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 14

Drivers are small software programs that help the

operating system use or “drive” the device. Whenever a
device doesn’t work properly, ask if the proper driver has
been installed.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 15

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 1: Determine the Hardware Manufacturer
If you do not know the manufacturer of the device for which
you want to install the driver, follow these steps to determine
the manufacturer:
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 16

How to obtain and install

drivers for hardware devices
1. On the desktop, right-click
My Computer, and then click
Manage.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 17

How to obtain and install

drivers for hardware devices
2. Under System Tools, click
Device Manager. The devices
that are installed on the
computer are listed in the
right pane.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 18

How to obtain and install

drivers for hardware devices
3. In the right pane, expand the
category of the device that
you want to configure. For
example, expand Display
adapters.
NOTE: The device may be listed under
other devices.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 19

How to obtain and install

drivers for hardware devices
4. Right-click the device for
which you want to install the
driver, and then click
Properties.
NOTE: The device may appear as
Unknown device or as a generic
device.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 20

How to obtain and install

drivers for hardware devices
5. Click the General tab. Make a
note of the manufacturer
and model of the device.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 21

How to obtain and install

drivers for hardware devices
6. Click Cancel, and then quit
Computer Management.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 22

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 2: Obtain the Driver
To obtain the latest driver, use the following list of possible
sources for the driver, in the order in which they are
presented.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 23

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 2: Obtain the Driver
 Original Computer Manufacturer
If the device was installed by your computer manufacturer, contact
the manufacturer of your computer to find out how to obtain,
download, and install the latest drivers for the device.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 24

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 2: Obtain the Driver
 Device Manufacturer
Contact the manufacturer of the device to inquire about how to
obtain, download, and install the latest drivers for the device.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices
Step 2: Obtain the Driver
 Chipset Manufacturer
Some examples of chipset manufacturers (and their Web sites):
NVIDIA (display adapters) - http://www.nvidia.com
PCTEL, Inc. (modems) - http://www.pctel.com/
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 2: Obtain the Driver
 Installation CD or Floppy Disks
If you have the original driver CD or floppy disks that were
included with the computer or device, and if no other source
for the drivers is available, use the original driver that is
included with the computer or device.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 2: Obtain the Driver
 Installation CD or Floppy Disks
NOTE: Whenever possible, try to first contact the Original
Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), device manufacturer, or chipset
manufacturer to obtain the latest version of the driver.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
 The driver files that you download from the OEM, device
manufacturer, or chipset manufacturer differ depending on
how the driver is packaged by the manufacturer.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
 If the file is an executable program, run the program to
extract the files. If the file is in .zip format, you can use a
third-party utility such as WinZip to extract the files. For
more information about how to extract the driver files, see
the instructions that are provided by the manufacturer of
the driver.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
 The driver may use a setup program. The driver package
may contain raw driver files, or it may contain only raw
driver files. Some examples include .inf files, and .sys files.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
A. Driver with a Setup or Installation Program
If the driver uses a setup or installation program, run the
program to install the driver. For more information about
how to do this, see the documentation or contact the
driver manufacturer.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
1. On the desktop, right-click My Computer, and then
click Manage.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
2. Under System Tools, click Device Manager.
The devices that are installed on the computer are
listed in the right pane.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 34

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
3. Expand the category of the device that you want to
configure. For example, expand Modems.
NOTE: The device may be listed under Other devices.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
4. Right-click the device for which you want to install the
driver, and then click Properties.
NOTE: The device may be displayed as Unknown device, or as a generic
device.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
5. Click the Driver tab, and then click Update Driver. The
Upgrade Device Driver wizard starts.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
5. Click the Driver tab, and then click Update Driver. The
Upgrade Device Driver wizard starts.
6. Click Next.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
7. Do one of the following:
 Click Search for a suitable driver for my device
(recommended), and then click Next. -or-
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 39

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
7. Do one of the following:
 Click Display a list of the known devices for this
device so that I can choose a specific driver, and
then click Next.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
11/2/2017 Prepared by: LMCadapan KNHS 2017 40

How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
7. Do one of the following:
 Click Have Disk, click Browse, locate the .inf files
that you downloaded in Step 2: Obtain the Driver,
click an .inf file, and then click Open.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
B. Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
8. Follow the wizard instructions to install the driver.
9. Restart the computer.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
C. Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager
Use the Add New Hardware wizard in Control Panel to install
drivers for non-Plug and Play devices. You may have to use
this method to install certain modems, serial ports, or printer
ports.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
C. Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager
1. Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control
Panel.
2. Double-click Add/Remove Hardware.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
C. Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager
3. Click Next.
4. Click Add/Troubleshoot a device, and then click Next.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
C. Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager
5. Do one of the following:
 Click Yes, search for new hardware, and then click Next. -
or-
 Click No, I want to select the hardware from a list, and
then click Next.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
C. Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager
6. Follow the wizard instructions to install the driver.
7. Restart the computer.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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How to obtain and install drivers for hardware devices

Step 3: Install the Driver
C. Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager
6. Follow the wizard instructions to install the driver.
7. Restart the computer.
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
BASIC COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP
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QUIZ
Module 3, Lesson 2: Install Equipment/ Devices and Systems
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Configure network service and perform testing, documentation, and
pre-deployment procedures
Learning Competencies:
1. Check normal server function in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
2. Install and update required modules/add-ons on NOS installation procedures
3. Confirm network services based on user/system requirements
4. Respond to unplanned events or conditions in accordance with established
procedures
5. Undertake pre-deployment procedures based on enterprise policies and procedures
and
operation and security check based on end-user requirements
6. Complete reports according to enterprise policies and procedures

Plan and prepare for maintenance and repair

Learning Competencies
This module deals with the knowledge, skills, and application towards maintaining
computer
networks.
At the end of this module you will be able to:
1. Plan maintenance and/ or diagnosis of faults in line with job requirements
2. Prepare maintenance and/ or diagnosis of faults in line with job requirement
3. Obtain tools, equipment, and testing devices needed for correct operation and
safety
4. Check tools, equipment, and testing devices needed for correct operation and
safety
5. Obtain materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with established
procedures and check against job requirements
6. Follow OHS policies and procedures in line with job requirements
7. Check computer systems and networks for maintenance against job/ service order
or
instructions and specifications
• Overview on Reservation
• Product Information and Features
• Determining Occupancy & Availability
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Availability of the reservation is determined and advised to the customer.
2. Alternatives, including waitlist options, are offered if requested booking is
not available.
3. Inquiries regarding rates and other product features are responded to according
to established
procedures.
CONDITIONS: The student/trainee must be provided with the following:
• Equipment: computer, telephone
• Materials: pen, paper
• Front Office forms (in MS Excel or hard copy)
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
• Written Test
• Oral Questioning/Interview
• Demonstration/Role Play
Learning Experiences

Introduction:
Planning and preparing systematic maintenance procedure will save time, money and
frustration.
It is a good idea and opportunity to learn the proper care and maintenance of your
computer.
PC maintenance is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC. Looking after your
PC
properly ensures you of trouble-free use. Regular PC maintenance also keeps the
machine’s
performance optimal.
A. Plan Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking.
1. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.
• Monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.
• Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.
• Schedule use of computers for its longer life.
• Move computers only when it is turned off and unplugged.
• Treat your computer properly.
• Maintain your hard disk
2. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.
• Backup your files
• Install or secure passwords
• Delete temporary files
• Update antivirus and spy ware

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE:

(1) Hardware maintenance is the testing and cleaning of equipment.
(2) Information system maintenance is the routine updating of master files, such as
adding and
deleting employees and customers and changing credit limits and product prices.
(3) Software or program maintenance is the updating of application programs in
order to meet
changing information requirements, such as adding new functions and changing data
formats. It also includes fixing bugs and adapting the software to new hardware
devices.
(4) Disk or file maintenance is the periodic reorganizing of disk files that have
become
fragmented due to continuous updating.
Work place procedures
• Identify hazards and assess risk.
• Execution of OHS policies are carried out along with the task.
Following certain procedure is very important to perform a given operation or
evolution or in
reaction to a given event. The table below shows different elements and their
corresponding
performance criteria to be able to identify occupational health and safety hazards,
and assess risk,
as well as follow instructions and procedure in the workplace with minimal
supervision. The
students will also be capable of participating and contributing to OHS management
issues.

Materials, Tools, Equipment’s and Testing Devices.

Tools
(1) A program used for software development or system maintenance. Virtually any
program or
utility that helps programmers or users develop applications or maintain their
computers can be
called a tool. Examples of programming tools are compilers, interpreters,
assemblers, 4GLs,
editors, debuggers and application generators.
(2) A program that helps the user analyses or search for data. For example, query
and report
programs are often called query tools and report tools.
(3) An on-screen function in a graphics program; for example, a line draw, circle
draw or brush
tool. (4) A software control panel for setting user preferences.
(5) Sometimes, people will call any software a "tool." For example, the phrase,
"there aren't any
tools to do that job" means that no application is available to perform the
required processing.
Materials
Equipment/Facilities
Server Computer peripherals
Desktop computers
OHS guidelines Phil.
Environmental protection
standards Monitors
Motherboard
Power supply
Network device and cablings
Hubs Switches L
AN Cards Printers and
Scanners Routers
USB Flash Drives
Server
Computer peripherals
Desktop computers
Glasses
Mask
Gloves
Anti-static wrist strap
USB Flash Drive
Tools & Instruments
Protective eye wear Wire
stripper with cutter
Pliers(Assorted) Screw drivers
(Assorted) Soldering iron/gun
De-soldering tool Flashlight
Tweezers
Mirrors Antistatic wrist wrap
LAN Tester
Crimping tool
Software installer
Work bench
Magnifying glass
Multi-tester
Diagnostic software
Appropriate software
Assorted pliers
Assorted crew drivers
Soldering gun
Allen key
Supplies & Materials
Floppy disk
Compact Disk
Adaptors
Bus wires and cables
Appropriate software
Computer storage media

At the end of the discussion, you must be

able to:
• Identify the different maintenance procedures in taking
care of computers;
• Differentiate preventive maintenance and corrective
maintenance;
• Differentiate ideal computer laboratory atmosphere

Maintenance
• The act or activity of keeping something in an
existing and usually satisfactory condition

Two Types of Maintenance

• Preventive Maintenance
• Corrective Maintenance

Two Types of Maintenance

• Preventive Maintenance
- is given for maintaining equipment and facilities
in satisfactory operating condition to extend the life
of the component.
- Two types of Preventive Maintenance
1. Planned Maintenance
2. Conditioned-Based Maintenance

Two Types of Maintenance

• Preventive Maintenance
- is given for maintaining equipment and facilities
in satisfactory operating condition to extend the life
of the component.
- Two types of Preventive Maintenance
1. Planned Maintenance
2. Condition Based Maintenance

Two Types of
Preventive Maintenance
• Planned Maintenance (PM)
- is any variety of scheduled maintenance
to an object or an item of equipment.
• Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)
- is maintenance strategy that uses the
actual condition of the asset to decide what
maintenance needs to be done.

Two Types of Maintenance

• Corrective Maintenance
- is task performed to identify, isolate, and rectify a
fault so that the failed equipment or system can be
restored to an operational conditions within the
tolerances or limits.

Learning Task - Application

• Group yourselves into 3 groups.
• Then make 5 sentences, what are the
most important things to consider to have
an ideal computer laboratory?

Assessment - Identify the following sentences.

Write your answers in a ¼ sheet of paper.
_______ 1. Maintenance of systems BEFORE fault occurs.
_______ 2. It is the act or activity of keeping something in
an existing and usually satisfactory condition.
_______ 3. It is a task performed to identify, isolate and
rectify a fault.
Assessment - Identify the following sentences.
Write your answers in a ¼ sheet of paper.
_______ 4. It is to ensure that an item of equipment is
operating correctly to avoid any unscheduled breakdown
and downtime of an equipment.
_______ 5. It dictates that maintenance should only be
performed when certain indicators show decreasing
performance.

Answers key:
1. Preventive Maintenance
2. Maintenance
3. Corrective Maintenance
4. Planned Maintenance
5. Condition-Based Maintenance

Basic Computer Troubleshooting Guide

1.Don't panic. Relax. Take a breath.
Many computer problems appear more serious than
they really are.
2.Make sure there really is a problem. Can't start your computer? Check the basics.
1.Examine the cables, connectors, and power cords to make sure they're plugged in
securely. Often times a loose cable or connector (power, network, keyboard, mouse,
speaker,
monitor cable, etc.) is the cause of the problem.
2.If you're using a power strip or a surge protector, make sure it's on and that it
works. Remember
that a surge protector may not be working because it is designed to self-destruct.
When an
electric jolt is too much, your surge protector takes the hit saving your more
expensive hardware
from the voltage.
3.Try plugging something else directly into the electrical outlet to make sure
there isn't a power
problem.
4.Check to see if your monitor is on. Sounds silly, but it has solved my own
problem more than
once.

3.Can’t get on to the network or the Internet?

1. Check to see if anyone else around you is having a similar problem. If so, there
may be a
service outage affecting a wider area
2. Check to make sure the network cable is connected to both the computer and the
wall or
modem.
3. Check where the network cable connection is made to the back of the computer,
you should
see a little green light right where the cable connects. If the light isn’t on or
flashing, then you
are not getting a signal to the computer. If rebooting doesn’t fix it, contact the
Help Desk or
your ISP.
4.Error Messages - Write them down.
1.What tipped you off to the problem? Sometimes it's an error code or message
displayed
on screen. Be sure to write it down — it may describe the problem and how serious
it is.
Be sure to document the exact wording of any error messages. This can make the job
of
the Help Desk much faster.
2.Other times you get no warning — everything just freezes. Message or no message,
be
sure note what was going on when the problem occurred. Were you starting your
computer? Were you on the Windows Desktop? Were you in a particular application?
Surfing
the Web?

5.Think about what changed recently on your computer.

Try to pinpoint when the trouble first started. Did the problem
coincide with any recent changes?
1.Did you change any settings? If you did you might want to change them back the
way they
were.
2.Any peripherals been added or removed recently (such as a printer or external
Memory Card
reader?)
3.Has anyone else been using your computer recently?
4.Have downloaded anything off the Web? File sharing and free MP3’s are an easy way
to get a
virus on your machine.
6.The computer is on but…
1 Everything on the screen is frozen and the keyboard and mouse are not responding.
Try tapping on the Num Lock key. It’s located on the right-hand side of the
keyboard above the
number 7. While tapping the Num Lock key, notice whether or not the Num Lock light
goes on and
off. If it doesn’t, the computer is completely locked up. You’ll have to REBOOT the
computer. If the
light does go off and on, wait a minute before giving up hope. It may come back to
life on its own.
2 Pressing Alt + F4
If a software program stops working or freezes up, try pressing the ALT+F4 keys to
close the window
that you’re currently working in. This can shut down a frozen window and bring the
computer back
to life. If the keyboard is frozen as well, you’ll have to reboot.

3 The “Blue Screen” has appeared.

The dreaded “Blue Screen of Death”. There’s not a lot to be done except to reboot
the machine. If it
keeps occurring, this is an indication of a major problem with the computer.
4 The computer is on, but there is no sound.
Is there a speaker icon next to the clock on the taskbar? (It’s in the lower right
side of the screen) If you
can find it, double click the speaker icon to bring up the audio controls for the
computer. See if any of
the volume controls have been muted or turned all the way down. Uncheck any Mute
boxes that are
selected.
5 The computer is on, but the keyboard doesn’t
work
Swap the keyboard or try plugging the keyboard into another computer. If it doesn't
work on the other computer, there is
likely something wrong with the keyboard. If it does work on the other computer,
there is likely something wrong on the
computer or the connection to the computer.
6 CTRL-ALT-DEL
When you press the Ctrl-Alt-Delete buttons together, you will bring up a control
panel where you can select “Task Manager”
and see if any of the programs are shown as “not responding”. You may be able to
shut down the offending program from
there. If you can’t get to this screen, you’ll have to reboot.

7.Rebooting can do wonders.

Don’t just pull the plug!
A simple reboot may clear up the problem. Go to the Start Menu and select Shutdown.
Didn't work? It's
time to try a forced reboot — with, unfortunately, no way to save your work — by
pressing the
keysCTRL-ALT-DEL simultaneously twice in a row.
If that didn't work, you have no choice: you have to turn the computer off manually
with the power
switch. Hold the power button down (for about 5 -10 seconds) and the computer will
shut down. Wait
at least 10 seconds for the hard drive to stop spinning and then restart the
machine.
If the computer starts up, start the applications you were using when the crash
occurred. Some
programs, like Microsoft Word, make timed backups of your work and may bring up
recovered files. If
the program notifies you that there is a “recovered document” save the file under a
different name
and compare them to your previously saved files.

The beep pattern is telling you what part of the hardware is failing.
Unfortunately there are different standards for the beep pattern and you will
have to refer to your motherboard's user manual for the meaning of it. And
most common beep codes and error are as follows.
BEEP CODES
BEEP DESCRIPTION
1 Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok.
Continuous Beep RAM Problem
One Long and Three Short Beeps. Indicates a video error has
occurred and the BIOS
cannot initialize the video
screen to display any
additional information

Troubleshooting Tips for New Monitors

Here are some basic trouble shooting tips for new monitors:
1. The picture does not appear
Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly connected in the socket.
Check to see if the computer system's power is ON.
Check that the Brightness Control is at the appropriate position, not
at the minimum.
2. The Screen is not synchronized
Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly connected in the socket.
Check that the output level matches the input level of your computer.
Make sure the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.

3. The position of the screen is not in the center

Adjust the H-Size, H-Phase or V-Size, V-Center controls.
Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.
4. The screen is too bright or too dark
Check if the Brightness or contrast control is at the appropriate position,
not at the maximum or minimum.
Check if the specified voltage is applied
Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.
Especially, check the horizontal frequency.
5. The screen is shaking
Move all objects that emit a magnetic field, such as a motor or transformer,
away from the monitor.
Check if the specified voltage is applied.
Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Power cable is
unplugged.
Visually inspect power
cable.
Make sure power cable is
securely plugged in.
Defective power cable. Visual inspection, try
another cable. Replace cable.
Power supply failure.
Power cable and wall
socket are OK, but
system is still dead.
Contact technical
support
Faulty wall outlet;circuit
breaker or fuse blown.
Plug device into socket
know to work and test.
Use different socket,
repair outlet, reset circuit
breaker or replace fuse.
Troubleshooting Tips for a New Motherboard
More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and connections.
Ensure all
cables are connected and connected firmly. IDE and floppy ribbon cables and power
cables can
often go loose. Ensure microprocessor, memory modules, and adapters such as video
card are
inserted correctly and didn't "pop-up" due to vibration.
System has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan inside the power
supply
does not turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does not turn on.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Expansion card is partially
dislodged from expansion slot
on the motherboard.
Turn off computer. Take cover
off system unit.
Check all expansion cards to
ensure they are securely seated
in slots.
Using even pressure on both
ends of the expansion card,
press down firmly on expansion
card.
Defective floppy disk drive or
tape drive.
Turn system off.
Disconnect the cables from
one of the floppy drives. Turn
on the system, check to see if
the keyboard operates
normally. Repeat until you
have located defective unit.
Contact Technical Support.
Defective expansion card. Turn computer off.
Remove an expansion card.
Make sure expansion card is
secure in expansion socket.
System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are lit,
and hard drive is spinning.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Connector between hard drive
and system board unplugged.
When attempting to run the
FDISK utility described in the
HARD DISK section of the
manual you get a message,
INVALID DRIVE
SPECIFICATION.
Check cable running form disk to
disk controller on the board. Make
sure both ends are securely
plugged in; check the drive type in
the Standard CMOS Setup (in your
motherboard manual).
Damaged Hard Disk or Disk
Controller.
Format hard disk; if unable to do
so, the hard disk may be
defective.
Contact Technical Support.
Hard Disk directory or FAT is
scrambled.
Run the FDISK program, format
the hard drive(See HARD DRIVE
section of manual). Copy your
backup data back onto hard drive.
Backing up the hard drive is
extremely important. All Hard
Disks are capable of breaking down
at any time.
System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy
disk drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Hard Disk boot
program has been
destroyed.
A number of causes
could be behind this.
Back up data and
applications files.
Reformat the Hard Drive
as described in the Hard
Drive section of the
manual. Re-install
applications and data
using backup disks.
System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and applications
can be used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible.
Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or other error messages
indication certain data is not allowed to be retrieved.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

A number of causes could
be behind this.
Use a file by file backup
instead of an image
backup to backup the
Hard Disk.
Back up any salvageable
data. Then do a low level
format, partition, and high
level format of the hard
drive( see Hard Disk
section of your manual for
instructions). Re-install all
saved data when
completed.
Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or other error messages
indication certain data is not allowed to be retrieved.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

The IBM PS/2 uses a
different format than other
computers.
IBM PS/2 disk format will
not work in an AT type
computer.
Format disk in the AT type
computer insert disk into the
IBM PS/2 and copy the files
you wish.
Disk formatted on IBM PS/2 will not operate with this system.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
No power to monitor.
All or part of the system may be
inoperable. The new card may
work but a mouse or COM port
may not work.
Change the interrupt or RAM
address on the new expansion
card. See the documentation that
came with the new card in order
to change pin settings. many
expansion devices come with
proprietary software that will
assist you in doing this.
After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the
system no longer works properly.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Incorrect information
entered into the
configuration (setup)
program.
Check the configuration
program. Replace any
incorrect information.
Review system's equipment.
Make sure correct
information is in setup.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
No power to monitor. Power connectors may be
loose or not plugged in.
Check the power connectors
to monitor and to system.
Make sure monitor is
connected to display card,
change I/O address on
network card if applicable.
Monitor not connected to
computer.
See instructions above.
Network card I/O address
conflict. See instructions above.
Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure.”
Screen is blank.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Connector between hard
drive and system board
unplugged.
When attempting to run the
FDISK utility described in
the HARD DISK section of
the manual you get a
message, INVALID DRIVE
SPECIFICATION.
Check cable running form
disk to disk controller on the
board. Make sure both ends
are securely plugged in;
check the drive type in the
Standard CMOS Setup (in
your
System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk
drive.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Memory problem, display card
jumpers not set correctly.
Reboot computer. Re-install memory,
make sure that all memory modules are
installed in correct sockets. Check jumper
and switch settings on display card. See
display card section for information of
settings.
Computer virus.
Use anti-virus programs (McAfee/PC-
cillin, E-port, etc) to detect and clean
viruses.
Problem

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Screen saver is enabled. Disable screen saver.
Screen goes blank periodically.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Keyboard is
disconnected.
Reconnect keyboard.
Check keys again, if no
improvement, replace
keyboard.
Keyboard failure.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Faulty Monitor.
If possible, connect
monitor to another
system. If no color,
replace monitor.
CMOS incorrectly set
up.
Call technical support.
No color on screen.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Bad floppy disk. Try new floppy disk.
Floppy disk not formatted Format floppy disk(type
ENTER)
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
SETUP program does not
have correct information.
Boot from drive A: using
DOS system disk. Input
correct information to
SETUP program.
Hard Drive cable not
connected properly. Check Hard drive cable.
C: drive failure.
Error reading drive A:

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Master/Slave jumpers not
set correctly.
Set master /Slave jumpers
correctly.
Hard Drives not
compatible / different
manufacturers.
Run SETUP program and
select correct drive types.
Call drive manufactures
for compatibility with
other drives.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
CMOS setup has been
changed.
Run setup and select
correct drive type.
Cannot boot system after installing second hard drive.
Missing operating system on hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Keys jammed or
defective. Replace keyboard.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Keyboard is locked. Unlock keyboard
Keyboard is locked, no keys function.
Keyboard is locked, no keys function.

•Try disconnecting your monitors cable from your video

card!
If your monitor is working you should see a message
like "No Signal". It doesn't matter what is on the screen
as long as it shows something.
•Verify your cable. Are you missing pins from the head
of the cable?
•Reset all monitor Settings to default (contrast,
Brightness, color, ...)

Any problem that has anything to do with your HD can be diagnosed using the below
Flowchart. Remember to click on the questions to get more details about the
question.
Hard Drive Issues
•The primary Master is a Hard Drive
as shown by the arrow, and the
secondary Master is a DVD Drive in
the picture above

•Do you see an error code, or a beep?

> If your Hard Drive was working and then
all the sudden it is not recognized (seen), by
your system then it is bad news. Try
changing the Hard Drive connection with
the CD ROM connection just to make sure it
is not the connection that is failing. If no
success, go to the Data Recovery page to see
if there is anything you can do to retrieve
your data

Computer working with minimum hardware ?

•Take out / unplug any non-essential component (CD ROM, PCI cards[except
video],...) and try to boot.
•With the minimum components (CPU, 1 RAM, 1 video card[ if you have an on-board
video card on your
motherboard, use that one], 1 Hard Drive) try swapping power cables and connector
ribbons.
•Sometimes it is a connector or a slot that causes the problem. Trying different
IDE ribbon cables or power wire
for the hard drives or checking the RAMs one by one on all the slots, can help in
identifying damaged parts or
slots.
•Verify that the heatsink is in full contact with the CPU. CPUs not connected to
heatsinks heat up in a matter of
seconds crashing, or turning the computer off.
•If this does not work, take the motherboard out of the casing. Sometimes there is
a short between the
motherboard and the case. Put the motherboard on an insulated surface and try.
•You should have verified your power supply before getting to this page. If you
have not, then proceed to power
supply test. If you have already done that, then we need to check your motherboard
•If you are not sure how to manipulate different parts click on the following links
to get more informationon
how to install:

Plan and prepare for maintenance and repair

Learning Competencies
This module deals with the knowledge, skills, and application towards maintaining
computer
networks.
At the end of this module you will be able to:
1. Plan maintenance and/ or diagnosis of faults in line with job requirements
2. Prepare maintenance and/ or diagnosis of faults in line with job requirement
3. Obtain tools, equipment, and testing devices needed for correct operation and
safety
4. Check tools, equipment, and testing devices needed for correct operation and
safety
5. Obtain materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with established
procedures and check against job requirements
6. Follow OHS policies and procedures in line with job requirements
7. Check computer systems and networks for maintenance against job/ service order
or
instructions and specifications
• Overview on Reservation
• Product Information and Features
• Determining Occupancy & Availability
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Availability of the reservation is determined and advised to the customer.
2. Alternatives, including waitlist options, are offered if requested booking is
not available.
3. Inquiries regarding rates and other product features are responded to according
to established
procedures.
CONDITIONS: The student/trainee must be provided with the following:
• Equipment: computer, telephone
• Materials: pen, paper
• Front Office forms (in MS Excel or hard copy)
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
• Written Test
• Oral Questioning/Interview
• Demonstration/Role Play
Learning Experiences

Introduction:
Planning and preparing systematic maintenance procedure will save time, money and
frustration.
It is a good idea and opportunity to learn the proper care and maintenance of your
computer.
PC maintenance is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC. Looking after your
PC
properly ensures you of trouble-free use. Regular PC maintenance also keeps the
machine’s
performance optimal.
A. Plan Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking.
1. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.
• Monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.
• Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.
• Schedule use of computers for its longer life.
• Move computers only when it is turned off and unplugged.
• Treat your computer properly.
• Maintain your hard disk
2. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.
• Backup your files
• Install or secure passwords
• Delete temporary files
• Update antivirus and spy ware

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE:

(1) Hardware maintenance is the testing and cleaning of equipment.
(2) Information system maintenance is the routine updating of master files, such as
adding and
deleting employees and customers and changing credit limits and product prices.
(3) Software or program maintenance is the updating of application programs in
order to meet
changing information requirements, such as adding new functions and changing data
formats. It also includes fixing bugs and adapting the software to new hardware
devices.
(4) Disk or file maintenance is the periodic reorganizing of disk files that have
become
fragmented due to continuous updating.
Work place procedures
• Identify hazards and assess risk.
• Execution of OHS policies are carried out along with the task.
Following certain procedure is very important to perform a given operation or
evolution or in
reaction to a given event. The table below shows different elements and their
corresponding
performance criteria to be able to identify occupational health and safety hazards,
and assess risk,
as well as follow instructions and procedure in the workplace with minimal
supervision. The
students will also be capable of participating and contributing to OHS management
issues.

Materials, Tools, Equipment’s and Testing Devices.

Tools
(1) A program used for software development or system maintenance. Virtually any
program or
utility that helps programmers or users develop applications or maintain their
computers can be
called a tool. Examples of programming tools are compilers, interpreters,
assemblers, 4GLs,
editors, debuggers and application generators.
(2) A program that helps the user analyses or search for data. For example, query
and report
programs are often called query tools and report tools.
(3) An on-screen function in a graphics program; for example, a line draw, circle
draw or brush
tool. (4) A software control panel for setting user preferences.
(5) Sometimes, people will call any software a "tool." For example, the phrase,
"there aren't any
tools to do that job" means that no application is available to perform the
required processing.
Materials
Equipment/Facilities
Server Computer peripherals
Desktop computers
OHS guidelines Phil.
Environmental protection
standards Monitors
Motherboard
Power supply
Network device and cablings
Hubs Switches L
AN Cards Printers and
Scanners Routers
USB Flash Drives
Server
Computer peripherals
Desktop computers
Glasses
Mask
Gloves
Anti-static wrist strap
USB Flash Drive
Tools & Instruments
Protective eye wear Wire
stripper with cutter
Pliers(Assorted) Screw drivers
(Assorted) Soldering iron/gun
De-soldering tool Flashlight
Tweezers
Mirrors Antistatic wrist wrap
LAN Tester
Crimping tool
Software installer
Work bench
Magnifying glass
Multi-tester
Diagnostic software
Appropriate software
Assorted pliers
Assorted crew drivers
Soldering gun
Allen key
Supplies & Materials
Floppy disk
Compact Disk
Adaptors
Bus wires and cables
Appropriate software
Computer storage media

Inspect and test the computer systems and networks

Learning Competencies:
1. Undertake final inspection so that the configuration conforms to the
manufacturer’s
instructions/manual
2. Ensure that the configuration conforms to the manufacturer’s instructions/manual
3. Check/ test computer systems and networks to ensure safe operation
4. Follow OHS standards and 5S principles according to enterprise policies
5. Clean worksite and make sure it is clear from all debris and left in safe
condition in
accordance with company procedures
6. Dispose of excess components and materials based on WEEE directives and 3Rs
waste
management program
7. Prepare report according to company requirements
Assessment Criteria:
1. Final inspection of the device is instituted to ensure task perfection.
2. Computer system is validated to ensure 100% operation.
3. Laboratory management and maintenance conforms to company atmosphere.
4. Accomplishment report is delivered to concerned teacher after finishing the
task.
Resources
Computer System and Network Inspection
Materials, Tools and Equipment
Equipment:
Computer unit
Printer
HUB
MODEM/Router
Table
Materials: Windows XP CD installer (original software)
Hardware Inspection
Given the following tools, materials and equipment, perform hardware inspection.
You will be assessed using the following criteria

Given the following tools, materials and equipment, perform Network and Internet
inspection.
You will be assessed using the following criteria
Operating System Inspection
Given the following tools, materials and equipment, perform Operating System
inspection

Lesson 3. INSPECT AND TEST THE CONFIGURED COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
General Safety Tips and Reminders
removed covers and other parts in a safe place, away from all personnel,while you
are servicing the
machine.
Dress for the Job
an be trapped in the moving parts of a machine. Ensure that your sleeves are
fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair is long, use hair net or hair
cap.
tive clip, approximately
three (3) inches from the end.
-frame eyeglasses, or metal fasteners.
Replace any safety device that is worn out or defective.
Remember: Metal objects are good conductors
Electrical safety
Electric current from power, telephone, and communication cables can be hazardous.
To avoid personal injury or
equipment damage, disconnect the attached power cords, telecommunications systems,
networks and modems
before you open the server/workstation covers, unless instructed otherwise in the
installation and configuration
procedure.
Precautions
Performing a mechanical inspection
Working near power supplies
Removing or installing main units
ine, unplug the power cord.
-off.
Moist floors
Non-grounded power extension cables
Power surges.
Switch off power
Send another person to get medical aid
Safety Inspection Guide
1. These steps will help you identify potentially unsafe conditions on electrical
products:
-off computer. Disconnect the power cord.
ate type.
he power-supply cover fasteners (screws or rivets) have not been removed or
tampered with.
Accident Reporting Policy and Procedure
Remember: One person's actions can jeopardize the
safety of others in the workplace.
Any accident, incident, or "near miss," no matter how
slight the injury or damage, must be reported to the
department supervisor immediately for appropriate
action. The supervisor is responsible for taking
appropriate follow-up action, including getting
medical attention for the injured, completing an
investigation report and recommending or

implementing appropriate corrective actions.

Accident Investigation Procedures
The senior staff member available at the accident scene or the first member
notified should complete the
appropriate investigation reporting form (accident, incident, near miss). The
completed form should be given to
the organization's safety committee, which will forward a copy of the report to the
safety coordinator for review.
When an employee or volunteer is injured:
1. Get the person professional medical attention.
2. Protect others.
3. Minimize property damage.
4. Stabilize the situation.
5. Conduct an investigation.
General guidelines for investigating accidents:
elp preserve the scene (i.e., puddles on the floor, overturned storage shelves and
spilled
contents).
-ended questions, one question at a time, and attempt to have events related
chronologically
to ensure thorough coverage.
Avoid commenting on the
information gathered except to confirm your understanding or to clarify.
conversation around you.
icited comments often have merit.
communication with those involved.
-miss form, giving an accurate account of the facts.
Accident reports
Accident reports contain the following details:
of injury
Replacing different Components
Computer Parts Replacement
When replacing computer parts and peripherals, you need to consider the following
factors:
1. Compatibility of the component or part
When replacing computer parts you should check if it is compatible with your unit.
Double check
on your computer manual if the component you are replacing is compatible or not
with the unit
because this may lead to system crash.
2. Consider the component specification
This focuses on the specification of the component. Check if the voltage rating,
current rating,
memory size and frequency matches your computer unit.
3. Components form factor
The components’ manufacturer should be considered. Check if the unit you are trying
to repair or
upgrade is generic or branded units. Branded units have their own set of components
compatible
only to their units, while genetic types can be used only to generic type of units.
List of Components Commonly Replaced in a Computer System

Memory-is technically any form of electronic storage; it is used most often to

identify fast,
temporary forms of storage. It is commonly called RAM (Random Access Memory).
Video Cards-also referred to as a graphics accelerator, is an item of personal
computer hardware whose function
is to generate and output images to a display.
Network Interface Card – is also known as LAN card. A PC interface to network
cabling. It is a piece of computer
hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network
Hard disk drive – is a fixed computer storage medium
Motherboard – is also known as the mainboard. It contains circuits that perform
various functions.
Processor – is also known as CPU or the Central Processing unit
CMOS Battery-Refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS
settings.
CD/DVD Drive- A DVD is an optical disc storage mediaformat, invented and developed
by Philips, Sony, Toshiba
and Panasonic in 1995.
Sound card - is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates he input and
output of audio signals.
Upgrading Your Computer Components
Commonly Upgraded Computer Parts
1. Monitors- replace old CRT monitors to new LCD or LED monitors.
2. Optical drives- old CD-ROMs drives are commonly replaced with DVD-ROM and DVD
writers.
3. Hard Drives-small capacity hard drives are replaced with faster and high
capacity hard drives.
4. Keyboards and mouse- keyboards and mouse are commonly replaced with optical
mouse and wireless
Keyboards.
5. RAM (Random Access Memory)- upgrading the computer’s memory or RAM speeds up
the
performance of the computer.
6. Video cards- upgrade computer’s graphics card to improve the computer
performance in terms of
graphics and games.
7. Processors-replacing the processors increase the data processing speed.
8. Modem- installing a modem enables your computer to connect to the internet.
How to Speed up the Computer
1. Defragmenter utility: Automatically analyzes the empty disk space on the hard
disk and defrag all scattered files.
2. Shutdown Unnecessary programs: Close all unwanted programs at the Windows start
up and this will
automatically increase the windows loading time and speed of the computer will also
be increased.
3. Increased memory: Increasing the memory in the system will result to exceptional
speed of your computer.
4. Disk Cleanup: You can delete unwanted programs and files from your computer and
this will be helpful in
increasing the speed.

5. Empty Recycle Bin: Delete all the files and folders from the recycle bin and you
will get the space of C drive for
reusability.
Memory Upgrade
To make your computer faster, you can upgrade its memory. Here are the steps in
upgrading your computer’s
memory .
1. Remove the memory modules from the slot.
2. In Fig 35 the notches we have marked as A are used for the ejector
clip on the DIMM slot.
The notches we have marked as B are used to align the memory
module with the DIMM slot key C as
shown in Figure 36.
In Figure 36 you can see the ejector clips (D), using your finger, push
these into the down position as shown in Figure 36 this allows the
memory to be inserted.
Video card Upgrade Installing the video card
Hard Drive Upgrade
LESSON : 4TH GRADING continuation
Basic Network Errors
If your network connection is not configured properly or suffers a technical
failure, you will often see some error message
generated and displayed on your screen. These messages give helpful clues to the
nature of the issue. Use this list of the
common network-related error messages to help troubleshoot and fix networking
problems.
Network Problem error Messages
Network problem error message 1
Box running software 14.8 and above:
No network adapter. (N01)
Please make sure that your network adapter is securely
plugged into a USB port on the back of the box.
Box running software 14.7 and below:
A network adapter was not detected. (N01)
Please make sure that your network adapter is securely
plugged into a USB port on the back of the box.
Possible solution for error message 1
Quick
Steps
1. If you have a TiVo Wireless G or N Adapter: Remove the adapter from the TiVo box
for 15 – 60
seconds and reconnect. Then force a connection to the TiVo service.
2. Try another USB port (when applicable).
3. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for
additional assistance.
Network problem error message 2

Box running software 14.8 and above:

Problem with router. (N03)
It might be temporarily out of IP addresses. Wait a few
minutes, and then try connecting again. If the DHCP server
is part of your home network, try increasing the number of
IP addresses it can assign.
Box running software 14.7 and below:
The DHCP server was unable to supply an IP address.(N03)
It might be temporarily out of IP addresses. Wait a few
minutes, and then try connecting again. If the DHCP server
is part of your home network, try increasing the number of
IP addresses it can assign.
Possible solution for error message 2
Quick Steps 1. Power cycle your network, then force a connection to the TiVo
service.
2. Renew the DHCP lease on your router.
NOTE: Please contact your router manufacturer if you are unsure how to do this.
3. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for
additional assistance.
Network problem error message 3
Box running software 14.8 and above:
Problem with network settings. (N05)
Change your network settings to use a
different (and unused) IP address
Box running software 14.7 and below:
The specified IP address (<IP Address>) is already in use by
another device on the network. (N05)
Change your network settings to use a
different (and unused) IP address.
Possible solution for error message 3
Quick Steps 1. If the box is using a static IP address, then it will need to be
changed. See How to configure network
settings on your TiVo box for instructions.
2. Power cycle your network devices, then force a connection to theTiVo service.
3. Renew the DHCP lease on your router.
NOTE: Please contact your router manufacturer if you are unsure how to do this.
Network problem
error message 4
Box running software 14.8 and above:
Wireless Network Not Found. (N06)
Box running software 14.7 and below:
Could not connect to the wireless network (<Network
Name>). (N06)
Possible solution for error message 4
Quick steps 1. Verify your TiVo box has the latest software version to support the
encryption used by your router.
2. Make sure your wireless network is operational and you have sufficient signal
strength where the box is
located. See How to configure network settings on your TiVo box for instructions.
3. Verify you entered the correct the correct name of your network and/or the
correct encryption key or
password.
4. Check for possible interference sources nearby, such as microwave ovens,
cordless phones, etc.
5. Power cycle your network devices, then force a connection to the TiVo service.
6. Move your wireless adapter to improve signal strength.
7. Contact your router manufacturer to determine whether you need to update your
router firmware.
8. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for
additional assistance.

Protocol
Verify that the correct protocols are installed on the computer. Most networks
today will utilize TCP/IP, but may also utilize or require IPX/SPX and NetBEUI.
When the TCP/IP protocol is installed, unless a DNS server or other computer
assignsthe IPX address, the user must specify an IP address as well as a Subnet
Mask. To do this, follow the instructions below.
1. Click Start / Settings / Control Panel
2. Double-click the Network icon
3. Within the configuration tab double-click the TCP/IP protocol icon. Note: Do
not click on the PPP or Dial-Up adapter, click on the network card adapter.
4. In the TCP/IP properties click the IP address tab
5. Select the option to specify an IP address
6. Enter the IP address and Subnet Mask address, an example of such an
address could be:
IP Address: 102.55.92.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192

Testing Computer System

Is your PC healthy? Don't be too sure. Think
back to when you heard a kerklunk sound coming from
the hard drive. Or maybe you remember the last time
your Internet connection was down.
The best way to find out what's wrong is to take
a proactive approach: Check under your PC's hood with
the following mostly free diagnostic tools, and see if
anything is amiss--before disaster strikes.

Three Major Components of

Computer System:
Hardware
Software
Firmware

Test Your Hardware

Checking your computer hardware
and its peripherals.
1. Computer Monitor and its peripherals
Monitor and interface cables
Video card
Monitor power cable

2. Keyboard and Mouse

Keyboard connector
Mouse Connector

3. I/O port and devices

o Connection between the I/O port and the
peripheral device
o A faulty cable between the I/O port and the
peripheral device
o A faulty peripheral device
o Incorrect settings in the System Setup program
o Incorrect settings in the system's configuration
files Faulty I/O port logic on the system board

4. Power supply
 Power cord
 Fuse

Testing Your Software

Check the different software installed in the
computer.
1. Operating system
 Run live updates for your operating systems to get the
latest patches and protection for your OS.
 Run registry scanners to check the OS registry
configuration

2. Application Software
Check for live updates

3. Anti-virus software
• Run anti-virus program
• Check for virus signature
updates
• Check for spyware updates

Test Your Firmware

Firmware- is a combination of hardware
and software integrated on a chip.
To test the firmware
Check for the correct configuration, you
can accomplish this by configuring the BIOS in
the computer