Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II
Schools Division of Isabela
NAGUILIAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Magsaysay, Naguilian

Detailed Lesson Plan

In
English 8
April 11, 2023

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
a. Identify the different patterns of idea development;
b. Distinguish appropriate grammatical signals to each pattern of idea
development; and
c. Write paragraphs using different patterns of idea development.

A. Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of East Asian Literature as an art form
inspired and influence by nature, relationship of visual, sensory, and verbal signals in
both literary and expository texts, strategies in listening to long descriptive and narrative
texts, value of literal and figurative language, and appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions suitable to patterns of idea development.

B. Performance Standard
The learner transfers learning by composing and delivering a brief and creative
entertainment speech featuring a variety of effective paragraphs, appropriate
grammatical signals or expressions in topic development, and appropriate prosodic
features, stance, and behavior.

C. Learning Competency
Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development: general to particular, claim and counterclaim, problem-solution, cause-
effect and persuasion.

II. CONTENT
Topic: Grammatical signals and Pattern of Idea Development
Strategy: Learner-Centered Approach, Task-Based Approach

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Visual Aids, Worksheets
Reference: English Quarter 4 – Module 1: Using Appropriate
Grammatical Signals or Expressions to Each Pattern of Idea
Development
 Web resources:

IV. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
1. Prayer

May I request everyone to please (The students pray.)

stand for a short prayer. Amen!

2. Greetings

Good morning, class!

Good morning, Ma’am!
Please be seated.
Thank you, Ma’am!
3. Checking of attendance

Is there anyone absent today?

None, Ma’am!
That’s good! Class secretary,
please check the attendance every
time we meet.

B. Review of the Previous Lesson

Last meeting, we discussed

Parallel structure. So what is a Parallel Structure means using the
Parallel structure? same construction for sentence elements
that are the same in function.
Yes, that’s right!

Activity: What Went Wrong?

Directions: Choose the letter that
corresponds to the words or Cohesive devices are words and phrases
phrases that make the sentence that connect ideas. Some people call
not parallel. Write your answers onthem transition signals
a separate sheet of paper. or discourse markers
Cohesive devices are words and phrases
1. We had passed by the church, that connect ideas. Some people call
the park, and to the market before them transition signals
we reached home. or discourse markers
a. We had passed
b. the park
c. to the market
d. reached home

2. For Carlo to change his email

settings, he needs to log in, to
choose "settings", and clicked on
"preferences."
 a. to change
b. to log in
c. to choose
d. clicked

3. Susan likes to spend time with

her son by participating in his
activities like riding bikes, play q
video games, and watching his
favorite movies.
a. participating
b. riding bikes
c. play video games
d. watching

4. The children at the summer

camp spent their days, horseback
riding, boat ride, and learning
wilderness survival skills.
a. at the summer camp
b. horseback riding
c. boat ride
d. learning

5. Before Shena left the house, she

made sure that she had washed
the dishes, disposing the trash, and
locked the door.
a. Before Shena left
b. washed
c. disposing
d. locked the door

I think you really understand our

previous lesson and you have to
remember that parallelism is
important in making your ideas in
sentences clear and coherent.
However, there are other writing
devices that can be used to
achieve coherence. You will learn
more about them in our further
discussion.

Do you still have any question

regarding our previous discussions
that needs clarification before we
proceed to another lesson?

If none, then we shall proceed to

our new lesson.
 None, Ma’am.

C. MOTIVATION
Activity: Jumbled Signals
Directions: Complete the
sentences below by arranging the
jumbled letters. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. (Students do the activity)

JUMBLED SENTENCES Answers:

EXPRESSI
ONS
1. These
1. esteh ____ are some of the ways to 2. Due to
stay fit and healthy 3. However
2. edu ot Environmental problems 4. And
exist___ __irresponsible man- 5. Join now
made activities.
3. Covid-19 is now a global health
ovewreh threat;_____, there are ways to
prevent the virus from further
spreading.
4. dan A healthy diet reduces the risk of
diseases _____promotes
physical fitness.
5. onij Our youth organization is
own looking for enthusiastic
environmental advocates. What
are you waiting for?
___ ___and be one of us!
All your answers are correct. Good
job!

The jumbled words and phrases

used in the activity are grammatical
signals. These signals play an
important role in developing your
idea on a certain topic. You will
learn more about them as we go
through to our discussion.

D. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

Look at these images.
Spider web- notice the
pattrens of this creature has
made to make it organized.
 Ceiling of a nipa hut

Arrangements of seat in the

chase Arena in downtown
Golden State

Did you notice the patterns?

You have to understand that these

patterns are made for a purpose
that is to make the web strong and
elastic. The ceiling of the Nipa hut
bind together and the dome’s
capacity and design maximize.

In learning English specifically in

reading and writing there is also a
pattern. We have learned in
English communication that it is
important to have a clear and
organized set of ideas following a
logical and consistent pattern. That
is from constructing sentences to
paragraphs and essays. We will
follow a subject in verb agreement,
tenses and even the rules of
parallelism.

E. LESSON PROPER

Based on the activity and short

discussions, it is just to say that
today we will be studying the
grammatical signals and patterns
of idea development.

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the
learners will be able to:
a. Identify the different patterns of
idea development;
b. Distinguish appropriate
grammatical signals to each
pattern of idea development;
and
c. Write paragraphs using
different patterns of idea
development.
Are you now ready to further your
understanding of the Parallel
structure? If yes, then do the ready
clap.

What are Grammatical

signals/expressions? Grammatical signals/expressions- are
writing devices that serve to maintain text
coherence.
 They signal the relationship
between new sentences and
the one before it.
 It is also an important writing
device in text construction.
 Are the words that give the
readers or the listeners a signal
of what will follow an idea.

What is Idea Development?

Idea Development- is the manner or
Idea development is essential in pattern by which a writer or speaker
writing. This is done by organizing explains his/her main idea about a topic
ideas in a logical and clear manner in a paragraphs.
that suits the writer’s purpose. To
achieve this, it is necessary to use
appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions.

What is Pattern of idea

development? Pattern of idea development refers to
the structure of writing on how the ideas
Pattern of organization show the are being presented.
relationships between supporting
details in paragraphs, essays, and
chapters. In addition, the
organization of the supporting
details helps you understand how
an author thinks and helps you
remember what you read.

These are the Five of the

commonly used patterns of idea
development:
 general to particular
 cause and effect
 claim-counterclaim
  problem-solution
 persuasion

Let us explore them and their

appropriate grammatical
signals.

1. General to Particular
Kindly read the definition. This pattern of idea development
discusses the general topic by presenting
specific details that support the topic.
The writer starts with the general idea
stated in the topic sentence. Then, it is
elaborated and explained through
specific details and examples. In other
words, general to particular pattern is a
It is a method of explaining by deductive method of organization.
starting with a broad (big idea) and
following it with specific (small
ideas) in support to the main idea.

Example:
 Teacher Arlene is a teacher.
 Teacher Arlene is an English
teacher at Naguilan National
Higschool.

Identify which of the two

statements has a general or Ma’am the first sentence is a general
specific idea? Why? because it state a broad term or big idea
while the second sentence states a
Very good! specific idea that support the general
idea.
Signal words Examples
For generally, primarily, largely,
GENERAL in general
statements
For MAJOR first, second, third, another,
details furthermore, on the other
hand, moreover, in addition,
next
For for instance, for example, to
PARTICULA illustrate, to be specific,
R ideas specifically, particularly,
such as, like

Kindly read the paragraph following

the general to particular pattern of
idea development. Example:
Clouds can be classified into three major
groups. High clouds are a group of
clouds that are 5-13 km. away from the
The paragraph above uses a Earth’s surface. Examples of these
general to particular pattern of idea clouds are known as Cirrus, Cirrostratus,
development. The general idea is and Cirrocumulus. Middle clouds are
expressed in the first sentence another group of clouds that are 2-7 km.
which is ‘Clouds are classified into away from the Earth’s surface. Examples
three major groups.’ Then, the of middle clouds are Altocumulus and
succeeding sentences are the Altostratus. Low clouds are the last group
specific details explaining the of clouds. They are 2 km. away from the
general idea. To state these Earth’s surface. Specifically, these
specific details, grammatical clouds are the Stratus, Stratocumulus,
signals are used such as ‘a’, and Nimbostratus. With these being said,
‘another’, and ‘last’ to present the these clouds are grouped according to
different major groups of clouds. their distance from the Earth’s surface.
The expression ‘examples of these’
and the word ‘specifically,’ are
used to present the specific
examples of a group of clouds.
Also, the phrase ‘middle clouds’ is
repeated to show emphasis of the
idea. The expression ‘with these
being said,’ is used to wrap up the
ideas in the paragraph.

TRY THIS!
Direction: Identify if the statement
is general or specific. Write G if the
statement is GENERAL; S, if
SPECIFIC. Write your answer on
the blank before each number.

G 1. Mario likes reading books

during morning.
S 2. Ana likes reading fairytale
stories like Cinderalla, Snow White,
and Rapunzel.
G 3. Philippines is considered a
tourist destination.
S 4. Philippines is considered a
tourist destination because of its
stunning views, warm beaches, (Students do the activity)
and hospitable locals.

2. Cause and Effect

 Kindly read the definition. This pattern of idea development
explains the causes or the effects of
something. When a writer presents
Cause and effect describes or reasons, he or she is explaining the
discusses an event/action that is causes. When a writer explains the
caused by another event/action. results, he or she is explaining the
It answers the questions “Why did effects.
this happen?” So it explains why
something happens.

Example:
Jopay studied well for the exam
and as a result she got a perfect
score.

In this statement, how will you

know which is the cause and which Cause: Jopay studied well for the exam.
is the effect? Effect: as a result he got a perfect score

Very good!

Remember, not all the time a

statement begins with a cause. In
this pattern you can interchange
the position of cause and effect.

Example: Jopay got a perfect score

in the examination because he
studied well before the exam day.

This sentence begins with effect

and then followed by cause.

Did you get it?

Signal Examples
Words
For if, for, since, due to, because,
expressing owing to, because of, one
CAUSES cause, and resulting from
For so, thus, hence, then,
expressing therefore, as a result, in
EFFECTS effect, as consequence,
consequently, leads to, one
of the effects is, and that is
why

Kindly read the paragraph.

 Example:
Regular exercise brings many benefits to
your health. First, it improves blood
circulation and can result to a strong
The paragraph above uses the heart. Because of these, it reduces the
cause and effect pattern of idea risk of heart disease, high cholesterol,
development. The effects of regular and diabetes. When you exercise, your
exercise are explained in the bones and muscles will be strengthened
paragraph. To present these which can slow down the loss of bone
effects, grammatical signals are density that comes when you age. As a
used such as ‘because of these’, result, it can help you maintain or
‘as a result’, and ‘as an effect.’ increase your muscle mass and strength.
Also, you will notice that the Also, regular exercise improves your
paragraph makes use of mental health and mood. During an
transitional devices for exercise, your body releases chemicals
enumeration such as ‘first’, and that can improve your mood and make
‘also’. These are used because the you feel more relaxed. As an effect, it
paragraph enumerates the effects can help you deal with stress and reduce
of regular exercise. Aside from your risk of depression. These are the
that, the connector ‘and’ is used to benefits that you get when you exercise.
connect ideas within the sentence.
Lastly, the phrase ‘regular exercise’
is repeated for emphasis.

3. Claim and Counterclaim

Kindly read the definition.
This pattern of idea development refers
to the structure of presenting a side of an
issue in an argumentative manner. A
claim is the writer’s stand on a topic
supported by evidences and logical
reasoning. Also, the writer presents the
counterclaim or the opposite stand of an
issue to disprove it through evidences
It is a method of developing a and logical reasoning.
paragraph or a longer composition
by stating (someone else’s claim,
by stating your (the writer’s)
counterclaim with reasons or
evidences to support the said
counterclaim.

Claim- is a statement or
declaration of belief, stance, or
opinion. It is an arguable idea used
to support or prove an argument.
-A claim tells what you think is true
 about a topic based on your
knowledge and your research.

Counterclaim- is just the opposite

of a claim. An idea that opposes or
is against a claim. Counterclaims
are also provable and supportable
by reasons and evidence.

Reasons and evidence are

important in this because they
support and explain the validity of
an argument.

Examples
CLAIM COUNTERCLAIM
1. Students should Students should not
be allowed to bring be allowed to bring
mobile phone in mobile phone in
class. class.
2. Online class is I’m sorry but face to
better than face to face is better than
face class. online class.
3. Mobile games are Outdoor and indoor
exciting to play. sports are more
exciting to play than
mobile games.

So when we say claim that is the

main argument and the
counterclaim is the opposing
argument.

Remember!
Whichever you choose between
claim and counterclaim, you must
give proofs and evidences.

This is my question, what is the

importance of providing proofs and
evidences when choosing claim or
counterclaim?
Reasons and evidence are important in
Very good! To support or to this because they support and explain
strengthen your claim or rebuttal. the validity of an argument.

Signal Examples
words
CLAIMS agree, claim, conclude,
 discuss, illustrate, observe,
say, show, suggest, support,
think, state, propose, present,
point out, explain
COUNTER argue, refute, disagree,
CLAIM oppose, contradict, however,
but, in contrast, otherwise, not
withstanding, in opposition,
nevertheless, on the other
hand/ on the contrary,
although, even though
For citing according to, evidence shows,
evidence the work of ____ indicates.., the
study reveals, based on the
evidence/data

Kindly read the paragraph.

Example:
People believe that rock music can make
teenagers rebellious because of its lyrics
The paragraph above uses the but, I don’t think it is enough to make
claim-counterclaim pattern of idea them go against society. They say rock
development. The first sentence music concentrates mostly on antisocial
presents both claim and subjects which influence teenagers’ view
counterclaim. The writer argues the toward society. However, a study shows
counterclaim that ‘rock music can that an average teenager would not take
make teenagers rebellious,’ by the music seriously, for he or she
stating his or her claim that ‘the concentrates more on the musical value
lyrics is not enough to make them of the song rather than the inner meaning
go against society.’ The claim of the lyrics. Thus, even though the lyrics
disproves the counterclaim by in rock music show social rebellion, it
presenting evidences and logical does not make teenagers rebel against
reasoning. To present these, society.
grammatical signals are used. The
transitional device ‘however’ is
used to present the evidence that
teenager concentrates more on the
musical value of the song rather
than the inner meaning of the
lyrics. Also, the transitional device
‘thus’ is used to restate the claim.
Aside from this, connectors ‘for’ is
used to present additional
information about a study while
‘even though’ is used to contrast
two ideas making the other idea
less true.

4. Problem-Solution
 Kindly read the definitions. This pattern of idea development is used
when a writer identifies a problem and
addresses it by presenting one or more
solutions.
It is a method for analyzing and
writing about a topic by identifying
a problem and proposing a
solution.

Example:

Dirty surrounding Clean the

surrounding

Identify a problem or solution in the

given examples?

You’re correct! Problem: Dirty surrounding

Solution: Clean the surrounding
So this is how you do it.

The surrounding is dirty and smelly

so everyone in the community must
be responsible in disposing
garbage and maintaining
cleanliness of the community.

Again, the surrounding is dirty and

smelly is the problem while solution
is disposing garbage and
maintaining cleanliness of the
community.

Signal words Examples

For Problem- because, cause,
solution since, as a result, in
order to, and so that,
as a solution, and
one way.

Kindly read the paragraph.

Example:
Drug abuse is one of the leading social
issues in many countries. This problem
has been the cause of many crimes and
health concerns. However, the threat of
prohibited drugs can be fought. One way
 to solve this is through education.
Everyone needs to be educated about
The paragraph above uses the dangers of using prohibited drugs.
problem-solution pattern of idea People need to be aware of the harmful
development. It presents the effects of these drugs to their health,
problem ‘drug abuse’ followed by family, career, and society. Another
the suggested solutions to this solution is to increase police manpower
problem. In presenting these and create effective laws to stop dealers.
solutions, grammatical signals and If the authorities will strictly impose these
expressions are used such as ‘one laws, this problem will be addressed.
way to solve this’, ‘another Drug abuse is a threat, but if the
solution’, and ‘this problem.’ community and the government will act
together, this problem will be controlled.

5. Persuasion
Kindly read the definition.
This pattern of idea development intends
to convince the readers to do or believe
 Persuasion is the act of in something. It allows the writer to
convincing someone to believe express his or her personal viewpoints
or do something. about a topic to convince the readers.
 It can involve presenting facts, This pattern of idea development is
using logic, or appealing to based on opinions and emotions.
emotion.
 It is often used in marketing,
advertising, and politics.

Below are the grammatical signals

to be used in persuasive pattern of
idea development.

Signal Examples
words
For come, free, need, must, must
Persuasion not, necessary, latest, hurry,
join, help, best, better, great,
proven, trusted, create, come
along, urgent, amazing
experience, avail now, I
believe, I urge, don't miss,
can do it, and one of a kind

Kindly read the paragraph.

Example:
The paragraph above uses the
A school bazaar is something you don’t
persuasion pattern of idea
want to miss! Aside from the wonderful
development. The writer
experience, attending it is truly a great
recommends that the reader joins
help. First, a school bazaar is filled with
 and be part of a school bazaar. To fun activities. There are amusing games,
convince the readers, the writer great rides, and entertaining attractions!
presents the benefits of attending a Besides that, your ticket purchase will
bazaar. In presenting these help the school. Not only that, but it also
benefits, grammatical signals and gives you a chance to win fabulous
expressions are used. The prizes. So, what are you waiting for? Join
transitional devices ‘first’ and ‘also’ now and experience the fun!
are used to enumerate the benefits
of attending the school bazaar. To
appeal to the reader’s emotion,
expressions of persuasion are
used such as ‘amusing’, ‘great’,
‘entertaining’, ‘don’t want to miss’,
‘wonderful experience’, ‘what are
you waiting for’, ‘join now’, and
‘experience the fun.’
F. GENERALIZATION/VALUING

Based on the activity and

discussions we had, what are the
patterns of idea development? The pattern of idea development
are:
 general to particular
 claim and counterclaim
 problem-solution
 cause-effect
 persuasion

What is the importance of Grammatical signals serve to maintain

grammatical signals to pattern of text coherence or unity of ideas.
idea development? How it helps
the writer and the reader?

You’re correct!

Grammatical signals use to

connect ideas of sentences and
paragraph for coherence. It helps
both writer and the reader as it
allows them to have their
messages clearly understood.

Very good!

Are you now familiar with the

different patterns of idea
development and their grammatical
 signals? Will you be able to use
them in expressing your thoughts
and emotions about a certain
topic?
G. APPLICATION
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

Identifying the Pattern (The students do the activity.)

Directions: Identify the pattern used

in the following paragraphs. Write
your answers in a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Research refers to a logical and

systematic search for new and
useful information on a certain
topic. Specifically, it can be
classified into two main types. The
first type is the basic research. It
deals with the investigation on
basic principles and reasons for the
occurrence of a certain
phenomenon or process. Applied
research is another type that
solves certain problems through
using accepted theories. Also, it
tries to explore how things can be
changed. These two types of
research are used in the academic
and scholarly fields.
Pattern Used: General-Particular

2. Road accidents happen due to

several reasons. One reason is the
carelessness of drivers. Some
drivers ignore traffic rules and
warning signals. They also resist
wearing seat belts. Some of them
are even drunk while driving. Next
reason is the weather conditions.
During a hot weather, drivers are
prone to have high blood pressure
or heat stroke which lead to road
accidents. Meanwhile, during rainy
seasons when the road is wet or
slippery, drivers tend to lose control
which lead to vehicular accidents.
Another reason is the traffic jam.
When there are too many vehicles,
some drivers easily panic, get more
nervous, and become error-prone.
As a result, traffic accidents
happen. To sum up, carelessness,
weather conditions, and traffic jams
are common reasons of road
accidents.
Pattern Used: Cause and Effect

3. Educating our children to take

care and protect the environment
by saving trees is a lifetime
mission. It is important for us and
our children to understand that
trees do so much for our
environment. Trees provide us
clean air, food, paper, and
medicines. They also give shelter
to humans and animals. Can you
imagine a world without trees?
With this, I urge you to join me in
making this world a better, greener,
cleaner place for our children and
the future generations.
Pattern Used: Persuasion

4. There are many ways to lessen

the amount of household wastes.
First, turn away from single-use
plastics. You can do this by
bringing your own reusable
containers and ask restaurants to
use them in packing your food.
Next, use eco-bags when buying in
grocery stores. This can minimize
the use of plastic cellophanes.
Another way is by sorting your
garbage. Just get any trash
receptacles and follow the proper
sorting procedures. Separate
plastic bottles and metal wastes
from fruits and vegetable scraps.
For plastic and metal waste, clean
them and place them in separate
bins. Once the recyclable bins are
filled up, take them to your local
 recycling centers. These are some
of the ways to reduce the amount
of wastes.
Pattern Used: Problem-Solution

5. There are those who believe that

technology makes us less creative.
They strongly claim that
cellphones, computers, and other
gadgets make us lazy and
dependent. Also, they say that we
don’t have to think or create for
ourselves. However, the truth is
these technologies have different
features that offer multiple creative
outlets. We can edit videos, design
webpage, make short films, create
graphic arts, and compose web
novels. Technology brings out
people’s creativity in this new age.
Pattern Used: Claim and
Counterclaim (The students present their output.)

V. EVALUATION
INDIVIDUAL TASK

Activity 1
Directions: Read and analyze the questions below. Choose the letter of the correct
answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which pattern of idea development discusses the general topic by elaborating it

using specific details?
A. cause-and-effect C. general-to-particular
B. claim-counterclaim D. problem-solution

2. Which pattern of idea development is used to present an action that can be taken
to address an identified concern or issue?
A. cause-and-effect C. problem-solution
B. claim-counterclaim D. general-to-particular

3. Which pattern of idea development is based on opinions and emotions that aim
to convince the readers to do or believe in something?
A. cause-and-effect C. persuasion
B. claim-counterclaim D. problem-solution

4. Which pattern of idea development explains the reasons and results of

something?
A. cause-and-effect C. persuasion
 B. claim-counterclaim D. problem-solution

5. Which among the grammatical signals and expressions below is appropriate for
claim-counterclaim pattern of idea development?
A. I urge C. People say
B. Join now D. With these reasons

Activity 2.
Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in each blank with the appropriate
grammatical signal found in the box. You can use each grammatical signal once.
Then identify the pattern of idea development used.

Finally there are those who claim Second First I believe

A. Even though school uniforms are not mandatory, 1. I believe that students must
be required to wear one for a number of reasons. 2. First, it promotes safety since
bonafide students can be easily identified and it reduces security threats. 3.
Second, it encourages equality since all students are viewed in the same way
regardless of their socio-economic status. 4. Finally, getting ready for school
becomes faster and easier because many students save their time in choosing
what to wear to school. Although 5. there are those who claim that uniforms take
away personal freedom, I strongly believe that wearing uniforms is more beneficial.
Pattern Used: Claim and Counterclaim

great perfect try in addition really

B. Everyone should participate in Zumba. It is an aerobic fitness performed with

dance music. It is 1. really good for your body for it helps prevent diseases,
enhance your flexibility, and control your weight. 2. In addition, learning and
memorizing the steps of a dance routine is a good mental exercise. It is indeed a 3.
perfect exercise because you get to have fun and be with friends at the same time.
You don’t even need to be a good dancer to enjoy it. Truly, it is a 4. great way to
develop one’s physical, mental, and social well-being. So, 5. try Zumba!
Pattern Used: Persuasion

VI. ASSIGNMENT

Directions: Think of a social issue that is happening in your community. Then, write
at least a five-sentence paragraph about your chosen issue using your preferred
pattern of idea development. Make sure to use appropriate grammatical signals for
your chosen pattern.
 PREPARED BY:

MARIDEL B. DIAMSAY
Student-Teacher

CHECKED BY:

CYNTHIA R. CARO
Cooperating Teacher