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06 Range and Function

The document defines relations and functions. A relation is any set of ordered pairs, while a function is a special type of relation where each x-value is paired with exactly one y-value. Functions can be represented using ordered pairs, tables, mappings, graphs or algebraic equations. The domain of a function is the set of x-values, while the range is the set of y-values. A function is a one-to-one function if no two ordered pairs have the same y-coordinate.

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Bapiki Cadiak
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22 views

06 Range and Function

The document defines relations and functions. A relation is any set of ordered pairs, while a function is a special type of relation where each x-value is paired with exactly one y-value. Functions can be represented using ordered pairs, tables, mappings, graphs or algebraic equations. The domain of a function is the set of x-values, while the range is the set of y-values. A function is a one-to-one function if no two ordered pairs have the same y-coordinate.

Uploaded by

Bapiki Cadiak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relations & Functions

Relation
Any set of points which connect
two variables. Any set of ordered pair.

Function
Sometimes called mapping, is a
relation in which no two different
ordered pairs have the same x-
coordinate or first component
Relations and Functions
Relations can be written in
several ways:

ordered pairs
table of values
mapping
graph
Ordered pair and Table of Values
{(3, 4),(7, 2),(0, -1),(-2, 2),(-5, 0),(3, 3)}
Mapping
● Create two ovals with the x-values on
the left and the y-values on the right.

● Elements are not repeated.

● Connect elements of the


x-values with the corresponding
elements in the y-values by drawing
an arrow.
Mapping
{(2, -6), (1, 4), (2, 4), (0, 0), (1, -6), (3, 0)}

2
-6
1
4
0
0
3
Always Remember!
● Any set of ordered pair is a
relation.

● Any algebraic equation is a


relation.
Graphs of a Function
Algebraic Test
If a relation is given as an
equation, and the
substitution of any value
for x results in one and
only value of y, then the
relation is a function
Graphs of a Function
Algebraic Test
Determine whether each
equation is a function or not.

x y
-2 -7
function
0 -1
1 2
Graphs of a Function
Algebraic Test
Determine whether each
equation is a function or not.

Not a
function
Graphs of a Function
Vertical Line Test:
If each line cuts the graph at
exactly one point only, then
the relation is a function.
If at least one line cuts the
graph more than once, then
the relation is not a function.
Graphs of a Function
GRAPHICAL NOTE
If a graph contains a small open
circle, this point is not included
If a graph contains a small filled-in
circle, this point is included
If a graph contains an arrow head
at an end, then the graph
continues indefinitely in that
general direction, or the shape may
repeat as it has done previously.
Graphs of a Function
Does the graph represent a function?

x x

y y

function function
Does the graph represent a function?

x
x

y y

Not a Not a
function function
Does the graph represent a function?

function
Graphs of a Function
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS
A one-to-one function is a
function in which no two
different ordered pairs have the
same y-coordinate or second
component.
Graphs of a Function
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS
Graphs of a Function
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS
Graphs of a Function
HORIZONTAL LINE TEST
Suppose we draw all possible
horizontal lines on the graph of a
function:
If each horizontal line cuts the
graph at exactly one point, then the
function is one-to-one.
If at least one horizontal line cuts
the graph more than once, then
function is not one-to-one.
Determine whether each relation is
one-to-one or not.

ONE-TO-ONE
Determine whether each relation is
one-to-one or not.

ONE-TO-ONE
Determine whether each relation is
one-to-one or not.

Not ONE-TO-ONE
Function Notation
● When we know that a relation is a
function, the “y ” in the equation can be
replaced with f(x).

● f(x) is simply a notation to designate a


function. It is pronounced ‘f ’ of ‘x ’.

● The ‘f ’ names the function, the ‘x ’ tells


the variable that is being used.
Value of a Function
Example 1
Value of a Function
!
Example 2 Given: 𝑔 𝑥 = " − 1
Find: 𝑔(𝑎) Find: 𝑔(8)
𝑥 𝑥
𝑔 𝑥 = −1 𝑔 𝑥 = −1
2 2
𝒂 8
𝒈 𝒂 = −𝟏 𝑔 8 = −1 =4−1
𝟐 2
𝒈 𝟖 =𝟓
Value of a Function
Example 3
Value of a Function
Example 3
Value of a Function
Example 3
Value of a Function
Example 4
!
If 𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥 + 3, complete the following:
"

2 2
𝑓 𝑥 =− 𝑥+3 𝑓 𝑥 =− 𝑥+3
3 3
2 2
𝑓 3 =− 3 +3 −5 = − 𝑥 + 3
3 3
2
−8 = − 𝑥
3
Relations & Functions
Relation
a set of ordered pairs
Domain
the set of x-coordinates
Range
the set of y-coordinates
When writing the domain and range, do not repeat
values.
Relations and Functions
Given the relation:
{(2, -6), (1, 4), (2, 4), (0,0), (1, -6), (3, 0)}

State the domain:


D: {0,1, 2, 3}

State the range:


R: {-6, 0, 4}
Functions
A function is a relation in which the
members of the domain (x-values)
DO NOT repeat.

● for every x-value there is only one


y-value that corresponds to it.
● y-values can be repeated.
Do the ordered pairs represent a
function?

{(3, 4), (7, 2), (0, -1), (-2, 2), (-5, 0), (3, 3)}
No, 3 is repeated in the domain.

{(4, 1), (5, 2), (8, 2), (9, 8)}


Yes, no x-coordinate is repeated.
Functions
A function is a relation in which each
element of the domain is paired with
exactly one element of the range. Another
way of saying it is that there is one and
only one output (y) with each input (x).

x f(x) y
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.

Function
D: All real
numbers
R: All real
numbers
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.

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