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Geography Lesson 5

The document outlines the four major domains of the Earth: the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It then provides more details about the lithosphere (solid portion of Earth including continents and ocean basins) and hydrosphere (all of Earth's water resources). The seven continents - Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia - are each described briefly with one or two key details about each one.

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Debsruti Saha
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98 views5 pages

Geography Lesson 5

The document outlines the four major domains of the Earth: the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It then provides more details about the lithosphere (solid portion of Earth including continents and ocean basins) and hydrosphere (all of Earth's water resources). The seven continents - Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia - are each described briefly with one or two key details about each one.

Uploaded by

Debsruti Saha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Major Domains of the Earth

FOUR MAJOR DOMAINS

1. Lithosphere (Land) : solid portion of Earth on which we live


2. Atmosphere (Air) : where gases like O2, N2, CO2 etc are found
3. Hydrosphere (Water) : area covered by water
4. Biosphere (Life forms) : narrow zone where land, water, air exists together; all forms of
life

Lithosphere

 Solid portion of Earth


 Rocks of Earth’s crust, thin layers of soil (nutrients)
 “Lithos”  stone
 2 main divisions of Earth’s surface:
a. Continents: large landmasses
b. Ocean basins: huge water bodies

Continents
 Main landmasses of Earth.
 7 continents.
o Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica

Asia
 Largest continent
 Covers about 1/3rd of total land area of Earth
 Eastern Hemisphere
 Tropic of Cancer passes through it
 Separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains on the west
 Combined landmass of Europe and Asia is called “Eurasia”.

Africa
 2nd largest continent
 Equator: runs almost through its middle
 Major part lies in Northern Hemisphere
 Only continent  Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass.
 Sahara Desert: world’s largest hot desert
 Nile: world’s longest river
Europe
 Much smaller than Asia ( 2nd smallest continent )
 Lies to west of Asia
 Arctic Circle passes through it
 Bound by water bodies on 3 sides:
o Arctic Ocean  North
o Atlantic Ocean  West
o Mediterranean Sea  South

North America
Narrow strip of land
 3rd largest continent
joining two landmasses
 Linked to South America by “ of Panama”
 Lies in Northern and Western Hemisphere
 North  Arctic Ocean
 West  Pacific Ocean
 East  Atlantic Ocean

South America
 Lies mostly in Southern Hemisphere
 East  Atlantic Ocean
 West  Pacific Ocean
 World’s largest mountain range  The Andes
 World’s largest river  Amazon

Australia
 Smallest continent
 Lies entirely in Southern Hemisphere
 Surrounded on all sides by oceans and seas
 Island continent
 Tropic of Capricorn  runs through the middle
 Original inhabitants  Aborigines

Antarctica
 Completely Southern Hemisphere
 Huge continent
 Located in South Polar region  permanently covered with thick ice (white continent)
 South pole lies almost at its centre
 No permanent settlements
 Research stations of different countres
Hydrosphere

 Sphere of water
 Earth Blue Planet: 71% of Earth covered with water
 Water in all its forms  solids, liquids, gases
 Remaining water (oceans, rivers, lakes)
o Ice (glacier)
o Water vapour (atmosphere)
 About 97% of Earth’s water  oceans (saline)
 Rest of waters

Glaciers, ice
sheets,
Fresh water
 Oceans
o Inter connected
o Always moving
o 3 chief ocean waters movement Waves

Ocean Tides
currents
o 5 major oceans:
a. Pacific Ocean
b. Atlantic Ocean
c. Indian Ocean
d. Southern Ocean
e. Arctic Ocean

Pacific Ocean
- Largest
- Spread over 1/3rd of Earth
- Contains the deepest part of Earth: Mariana Trench
- Surrounded by Asia, Australia, North America and South America

Atlantic Ocean
- 2nd largest
- ‘S’ shaped South Europe Busiest Ocean
America  from the point
Western Eastern of view of
- Side Side commerce
North Asia
America
Southern Ocean
- Encircles the continent of Antarctica

Arctic Ocean
- Located within Arctic Circle
- Surrounds North Pole
- Connected with Pacific Ocean
o By a narrow stretch of shallow water  Bering Strait Narrow passage of
water connecting
two large water
bodies like seas and
oceans

Atmosphere

- Layer of air surrounding the Earth


- Composition
-
-

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