ECE 5984: Power Distribution System Analysis

Lecture 5: Shunt Admittance of Distribution Lines

Reference: Textbook, Chapter 5, and Glover-Sarma-Overbye
Instructor: V. Kekatos

1
Line capacitance

• Conductors separated by insulating medium modeled as capacitance

• Electric field between conductors induces electric charges (currents) [Gauss’ law]
• Capacitance calculated as charge-to-voltage ratios

• Voltage difference due to charge q [Cb/m]

q D2
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V12 = ln
2⇡✏ D1
permittivity ✏ = ✏r ✏0
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12
✏0 = 8.854 · 10 [F/m]

• Superposition for multiple conductors [Glover-Sarma-Overybye]

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N
1 X Dkj
Vij = qk ln [V]
2⇡✏ Dki
k=1

• Electric charges are not related to loads; exist due to voltage even with unloaded line

2
Transmission lines

• Equidistant conductors (D) of radius r

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
1 D r D
Vab = qa ln + qb ln + qc ln
2⇡✏ r D D
1 D
= (qa qb ) ln
2⇡✏ r

• Interested in phase voltages

• Assuming (a1) symmetry (or transposition); and (a2) balanced charges qa =

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qb qc

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
Vab + Vac 1 qa qb + qa qc D 1 D
Van = = ln = qa ln
3 2⇡✏ 3 r 2⇡✏ r

qa 2⇡✏
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• Shunt capacitance for phase conductor a: Can = = [F/m]

Van ln D
r

3
Method of images
• Earth is modeled by mirror conductor carrying opposite charges

[Glover-Sarma-Overybye]

• Voltage difference across conductor and mirror

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" N N
#
1 X Ski X Dki
Vii0 = qk ln qk ln
2⇡✏ Dki Ski
k=1 k=1

• Due to symmetry
N
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Vii0 1 X Ski
Vin = = qk ln [Kersting]
2 2⇡✏ n=1 Dki

4
Primitive potential coefficient matrix

• Phase voltages are linear combinations of charges at all non-dirt conductors

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N
X Ski
Vin = Pik qk , where Pik := 11.177 · ln [mile/µF]
Dki
k=1

• Primitive potential coefficient matrix P [mile/µF]

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 
v P P n q
not phasors =
vn P>n Pnn qn
dk
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with Pik as matrix entries

di
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• Trick: If di is a complex number denoting the

location of conductor i

Dki = |dk di | Ski = |dk d⇤i |

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and
d⇤i
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[Kersting]
d⇤k
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5
Phase potential and capacitance matrices
 <latexit sha1_base64="ZtFSdrJfw/gTQj8aRNZxjZfW7NA=">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</latexit>

 
v P P n q
• Primitive potential coefficient matrix =
vn P>n Pnn qn

• Kron reduction to eliminate qn since vn = 0

<latexit sha1_base64="cDqWS+W2g+EpLTzyzTB0p/x9awE=">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</latexit>

• Phase potential coefficient matrix

1 >
<latexit sha1_base64="RnPYoRDZpRflZ68bLaSK0mn5Eyg=">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</latexit>

v =P q where P =P P n Pnn P n [mile/µF]

1
<latexit sha1_base64="mCEvHHjqttcvHleVlF6p2LmEUAE=">AAACqXicbVFdb9MwFHUyPkbHRzfgiReLDgmJrSQItL0gTZqEeOwkulU0IXKcm9aa7WS2062yMn4nP4D/gdNkCLpdyfK5x/dc2+emJWfaBMEvz9+4d//Bw81Hva3HT54+62/vnOqiUhTGtOCFmqREA2cSxoYZDpNSAREph7P0/Lg5P1uA0qyQ38yyhFiQmWQ5o8Q4Kun/jAQx8zS3F3Vio3LO6s83zHGdNMRNuujSi4pkODJwZezlHBTUK2ZN9LfJqM1/2P2wvr5uZbuRqHa/vBeMQ530B8EwWAW+DcIODFAXo2Tb24myglYCpKGcaD0Ng9LElijDqGvYiyoNJaHnZAZTByURoGO7cqrGbxyT4bxQbkmDV+ydir1swUrdQr2YtcAQZ2tsr9pm/+osEVovRbo3A9ns7qbGAL1e05B3nU0rkx/GlsmyMiBp+9C84tgUuBkbzpgCavjSAUIVc3/FdE4UocYNt+dcDNc9uw1OPwzDT8Pg5OPgKOj83ESv0Gv0FoXoAB2hr2iExoii396W98J76b/zT/yJ/70t9b1O8xz9Fz79A/8g1lo=</latexit>

• Phase capacitance matrix q = C v where C =P µF/mile

positive diagonal and negative off-diagonal entries

<latexit sha1_base64="wbaUh734fL2PGXdJV9MkAhq5UR8=">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</latexit>

• Phase shunt admittance matrix Ysh = j!C µS/mile

6
 2.5 ft 4.5 ft
Parallel lines Line 1 1-a 1-b 1-c

2.0 ft
Procedure generalizes to parallel lines 3.0 ft
Line 2 2-c 2-a 2-b
6.0 ft

Step 1: Find distances between conductors

1-a 1-b 1-c 2-a 2-b 2-c n
n

29 ft
D=

Step 2: Find distances between conductors and mirror conductors

S=

7
Parallel lines (cont’d)

<latexit sha1_base64="nyEb7XtEQXXF159a8XfftiP4+eY=">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</latexit>

Sji
Step 3: Form primitive potential coefficient matrix Pij := 11.177 · ln [mile/µF]
Dji

Step 4: Kron reduction to get the phase potential coefficient matrix

<latexit sha1_base64="FZJzhcdQEa+kS+v3jJ/avvYgN24=">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</latexit>

 
v P 1 1
P 1 2 q
1
= 1
v 2
P>1 2
P 1 2 q 2

Step 5: Invert to get the (coupled) phase capacitance matrix

<latexit sha1_base64="6SrJ5Lnf8xg5XEa/ruWVuANKVlU=">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</latexit>

 1
P 1 1
P 1 2
C=
P>1 2
P 1 2

8
Parallel lines (cont’d)

Step 6: Convert capacitance to (coupled) phase shunt admittance matrix

Ysh,12 = j!C = µS/mile

<latexit sha1_base64="u/ykYDlGufvbHAfZNob4tApQv3g=">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</latexit>

• Compare shunt admittance values to series impedance from Lecture 5…

9
Concentric neutral underground cables
3
2 k : # concentric neutrals
R : radius of concentric arrangement
Rp : radius of phase conductor
2Rp 1
Rs : radius of neutral strand
D1n : distance between strand 1 and strand n
2Rs
k
k 1
• Shielding confines electric fields within cables
• No coupling between phase cables, and between cables and earth

• All neutral strands are at the same potential (ground)

• Voltage between phase conductor and ground (e.g., neutral strand #1)
" #
<latexit sha1_base64="aMQcFyNLxeNeDm4NVT4jGOw0xrg=">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</latexit>

k
1 R X D1n
Vpg = qp ln + qn ln
2⇡✏ Rp n=1 R

• Shielding does not confine magnetic fields; hence we still have mutual impedances

10
Concentric neutral underground cables (cont’d)
3 <latexit sha1_base64="aMQcFyNLxeNeDm4NVT4jGOw0xrg=">AAACkXicbVHLahsxFJWnr9R9OcmyG1FTKDSYmZDSZBEwbRaFbtJQOwHPVGjkO2NhjUaRNKZG6BP7Af2ObBOo7DGlTXJB6HDuOXqcmyvBjY3j353owcNHj59sPe0+e/7i5ave9s7Y1I1mMGK1qPVFTg0ILmFkuRVwoTTQKhdwns8/r/rnC9CG1/K7XSrIKlpKXnBGbaBIrxwTp0p/nBaaMpd4t58qnoIyXNTSpwIKO7kkKhUSt5Iz786I8vg9Tk1TESePE/9jji9JEPwVnRCXSB+UHqealzObkV4/HsTrwndBsgF9tKlTst3ZSac1ayqQlglqzCSJlc0c1ZYzAb6bNgYUZXNawiRASSswmVsn4vHbwExxUeuwpMVr9l7H3nTBlWmhWZQtsDTEl7mf7WH/+hytjFlW+V4JcrWHmypqZ+a2ZkXe15s0tjjMHJeqsSBZ+9CiEdjWeDUePOUamBXLACjTPPwVsxkNmdowxG5IMbmd2V0w3h8kHwbxt4P+MN7kuYVeozfoHUrQRzREX9ApGiGGfqErdI1uot3oKBpGn1pp1Nl4dtF/FX39A8VDzOI=</latexit>

" #
k
X
1 R D1n
2 Vpg = qp ln + qn ln
2⇡✏ Rp n=1 R

2Rp 1 • Equal charge on neutral strands

<latexit sha1_base64="ORJJG9Tx4xbd9vYMV8iyoYxpCrE=">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</latexit>

qp
qn = , 8n = 1, . . . , k
2Rs k
k • Distances between strands
k 1 <latexit sha1_base64="fhexvKuk//8AE+kVLLnpb80Og+c=">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</latexit>

2⇡(n 1)
D1n = |R Rej k |, n = 2, . . . , k

• Using formula for bundled conductors uniformly spaced on the perimeter

qp 2⇡✏
<latexit sha1_base64="X1tLXRTXbqWncARficX6263NjQA=">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</latexit>

Cpg = = kRs
Vpg ln RRp 1
k ln R

11
Tape-shielded cables

2Rp

• Limiting case of concentric neutrals for k ! 1

<latexit sha1_base64="DsvkGCIRuK/RofeGkH8km0cMJRQ=">AAACPXicdVDLSgMxFM34rPXVx9JNsAguSpmKosuCG5cV7APaoWTSzDQ0kxmSO9Vh6Le41a/wO/wAd+LWrWmnQtV6IeRwzj3JvceNBNdg26/W2vrG5tZ2bie/u7d/cFgolto6jBVlLRqKUHVdopngkrWAg2DdSDESuIJ13PH1TO9MmNI8lHeQRMwJiC+5xykBQw0K5XFfcX8ERKnwHve59CAZFCr1mj0vbP8B31IFLao5KFql/jCkccAkUEG07tXtCJyUKOBUsGm+H2sWETomPusZKEnAtJPOp5/iE8MMsRcqcyTgObvSUR1OeKQzqCd+BoCYVZ30IXts2ZeSQOskcKs+k7Pb/BQQGOnfPTNyldaLwbtyUi6jGJik2aBeLDCEeBYlHnLFKIjEAEIVN7tiOiKKUDCB55dT/B+0z2r1i5p9e15p2Is8c+gIHaNTVEeXqIFuUBO1EEUJekRP6Nl6sd6sd+sja12zFp4y+lHW5xd7Ra8L</latexit>

qp 2⇡✏
<latexit sha1_base64="v4PLU1+FphF7G11mm/laOZCywzg=">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</latexit>

Cpg = =
Vpg ln RRp

• For either cables, no capacitive coupling across phases or circuits in parallel lines

• Phase admittance matrix is diagonal Ysh =

• For both overhead and underground lines, shunt admittances are typically ignored
12
Sequence admittance

• Similarly to series impedances

i = Ysh, v
<latexit sha1_base64="boiAwjO/ej1a04oRSKVKoQH3EzA=">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</latexit>
() is = Ysh,s vs

• Sequence shunt admittance matrix

2 3
y00 y01 y02
Ysh,s := As Ysh, 1
As = 4 y01 y11 y12 5
y02 y12 y22

• Diagonal for underground or transposed overhead lines

• In fact, for underground lines with three identical cables <latexit sha1_base64="pWnWxqkycgbHrTI+5YVFEy7d6yc=">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</latexit>
Ysh,s = Ysh,

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Summary

• Find distances between (mirror) conductors

• Find primitive potential coefficient matrix

• Kron reduction to get the phase potential coefficient matrix

• Inversion to get the phase capacitance matrix

• For underground cables, the capacitance matrix is a scaled identity

• Shunt admittance is typically ignored

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