Class 2 Notes

Chapter 2
Communication Process
Sender  Encoding  Channel  Receiver  Decoding  Feedback
Barriers to Effective Communication

 Channel overload
 Emotional interference
 Physical and technical interference
 Channel barriers
 Information overload
 Semantic interference
 Mixed messages
 Environmental interference
Solution
 Be timely and time-sensitive
 Be purposeful
 Be a good listener and a careful reader
 Be context-sensitive
 Be proactive
Tips for Achieving Interpersonal Success

1. Don’t focus on details; Macro thinking
2. Empathetic/comprehensive
3. Talking is important, but listening is more important
4. Confident and assertive without it becoming “too much” and abusive; stay respective
5. Patience, Patience, Patience
Types of communication
 Interpersonal
o Tools: Emotional intelligence
 Personal competence
 Self-awareness
 Self-management
 Social competence
 Social awareness
 Relation management
 Small group
o Not many people (3-20)
o Same mission/vision
o The culture in the organization/between everyone is vital
 Organizational
o Same elements as small group, but at much larger scale (Industries,
governments). Corporate structure
 Intercultural
o Communication with people that possibly have different values, ideas, concepts,
interpretations, etc.
o Speaking, Writing, Listening
o Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity
vs femininity, short-term vs long-term orientation.
 Low context cultures
 No need for lots of thinking and analyzing before talking
 High-context cultures
 Culturally sensitive communication required
 Mass
o Reaching lots of people at the same time/same message
 Non-verbal (3 general domains: Encoding (emotional expressivity), Decoding (emotional
sensitivity), Regulation)
o Gestures
o Image
o Posture
o Facial Expressions
o Eye Contact
 Internal
o Between people within the same organization
 External
o Between people outside of the same organization
Key concepts/To Learn

 Cultural differences
o Culture
o Ethnocentrism
o Cross-cultural competence
 Flow of Information
o Upward
o Downward
o Horizontal
 Channels
o Formal
o Informal
Each type of communication differs from the other so it’s important of having context to be
able to adjust our style, tools and channels of communication.
Chapter 3
Steps of the writing process

1. Prewriting
o Identify the purpose
 What’s the “why”
 What’s the reason/objectives
o Estimate the scope of your subject
 The core and relevant stuff of our message
o Consider the audiences needs
 Understanding the market (audience)
o Choose most effective design or layout
 Clean lines, whitespace, no unnecessary elements
 Consistent formatting, alignment, line spacing
 Wide, even margins
 Easy to read fonts
 Sufficient contrast between text and background
 Useful, well-placed headings
 Adequate labels for visuals
o Select a communication channel
 The whole operation related to the distribution of our message
o Collect information
 Market research, data research
o Develop supporting points
 Evidence (data) and examples
o Craft a story
 Storytelling and Corporate narrative
2. Organizing and outlining
o Organizing
 Sequential (step-by-step)
 Chronological
 General-to-specific
 Cause-and-effect
o Outlining
 Shows how to arrange ideas
 Ensures document is logical and complete
 Provides framework for writing
3. Drafting
o Expand outline
o Need to start somewhere: so start with what you know/easy
o It’s simply to get the ideas together; doesn’t need to look good
4. Revising
o Adding
o Deleting
o Reorganizing
o Substituting
5. Editing and proofreading
o Checking syntax, grammar, spelling, structure, coherence
o Going over the final version of the document to make sure everything holds up
well together
Collaborative writing
 Challenges
o Longer
o Potentially inconsistent
o Possible interpersonal conflict
 Solutions
o Sequential interrogating writing (lead writing)
o Sequential single writing (take a turn and pass it on)
o Parallel simultaneous writing (cut and paste or puzzle)
o Teactive integrating writing (side by side)
 Tools
o Groupware
o Wikis
o Virtual offices
o Enterprise collaboration software
How to properly critique others’ writing

 Build a safe environment
 Stick the guidelines
 Avoid criticism that could suppress responses
 Be an attentive listener
 Be sensitive when giving feedback
 Use the same skills that assess your own writing

Class 2 Notes

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Class 2 Notes

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Chapter 2

Barriers to Effective Communication

Tips for Achieving Interpersonal Success

Key concepts/To Learn

Steps of the writing process

How to properly critique others’ writing

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