Minor Prophets, Study of

Life-
Life-Changing
Messages
from the
MINOR
PROPHETS
Turning Principles into a
Way of Living
Prepared by:
PAUL E. CANTRELL
2007
STUDY OF THE
MINOR PROPHETS
13 LESSONS
Prepared by:
By Paul E. Cantrell
84 Northview Drive
Mechanicsburg, PA 17050
[email protected]
2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
"Study of the Minor Prophets"
Lessons Century Prophets Pages

1 Introduction 1-4d
2 Ninth Joel 5-7
3 Eighth Jonah 8-11
4 Eighth Amos 12-17
5 Eighth Hosea 18-20
6 Eighth Micah 21-23
7 Seventh Nahum 24-25
8 Seventh Habakkuk 26-28
9 Seventh Zephaniah 29-31
10 Sixth Obadiah 32-33
11 Sixth Haggai 34-35
12 Sixth Zechariah 36-38
13 Fifth Malachi 39-42

Study of the Minor Prophets Page 1
Lesson One
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE

MINOR PROPHETS
INTRODUCTION
1. We will be studying the 12 Minor Prophets.
2. Discuss the Table of Contents (P. 1)
a) Read the book assigned
b) Answer questions
3. We will study the prophets by the Century in which they lived.
a) The dates are gathered from:
1—The books of prophecy
2—Bible history
3—Secular history
b) Hand-out sheet that gives the approximate date & Bible background Scriptures
to read.
c) Will emphasize the Messianic prophecies.
d) Will point out key passages in each book.
4. Short lecture on the historical background of book first.
5. Discuss answers to questions.
6. Emphasize key lessons from book.
DISCUSSION
I. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO STUDY
A. Israel & Judah divided about 930 B.C.
1) Map #1
2) Judah (South)---King Rehoboam (Son of Solomon)
3) Israel (North)----King Jeroboam
4) Idolatry plagued northern Israel most of the time.
5) Judah was back & forth with idols.
B. Countries that affected Judah & Israel:
1) Those close by (Syria, Bashan, Ammon, Moab, Edom, and Philistia.
2) Those further away (Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Medes & Persians.
3) Discuss Kings of: Assyria, Babylon, Medo-Persians
II. THE PROPHET & HIS MESSAGE:

A. The books:
1) Called Minor because shorter than Larger Books.
2) Among the most interesting of O.T.
3) Rich source for study and inspiration. Rom. 15:4
4) Message given through some of the most SPIRITUAL & COURAGEOUS
men of the O.T.
5) Usually during times of great peril, disaster, and sin.
B. The Mission of these men:

1) To speak the “Word of the Lord” to whoever sent.
2) Were to expose sins of people by teaching of Law of God.
3) They upheld the Love of God for His people.
4) Yet, made it clear that judgment would come to the disobedient and
blessings to the righteous.
5) They foretold the destruction of nations around Israel & Judah.
6) Also foretold of Israel & Judah’s fall & captivity because of sin.
7) But also foretold of the future blessings for the people of God during the
Messianic age.
8) They were both “Forth” tellers as well as “Fore” tellers.
C. Their lives:
1) Great examples to follow.
2) They spoke courageously & uncompromisingly.
3) They could not be bound or stopped from speaking their message by
public opinion, kings, princes, false prophets, or persecution.
4) Their lives matched their message that gave force to God’s message.
5) Mostly REFORMERS, disturbing the status-quo of a sinful people.
D. Their Work:
1) Begin shortly after the dividing of kingdom (930 BC) down to (400 B.C.)
(Span of about 500 years)
2) During this time 3 major kingdoms had an impact on them:
a) Assyria
b) Babylonia
c) Media-Persia
3) The prophets also spoke to & about these and other nations around
Israel & Judah.
E. Their Value:
1) Mankind hasn’t changed…..still need same warnings & teachings.
2) They trusted in material strength, wealth, and not God.
3) They lied, store, killed, committed sexual immoralities, etc.
4) They were oppressive and unjust , prejudice & full of hatred, anger and
wrath without a cause.
5) They preferred to listen to a message of re-assurance rather than one that
rebuked.
6) From these writings we can judge our own spirituality, faithfulness, and
motives.
DATES & SCRIPTURE BACKGROUND
TO THE
MINOR PROPHETS
1. Joel (830 B.C.)------------------------------------------II Kings 10-13
2. Jonah (780 B.C.)-------------------------------------------II Kings 14
3. Amos (770 B.C.)-------------------------------------------II Kings 15
4. Hosea (760-725 B.C.)-------------------------------------II Kings 16
5. Micah (740 B.C.)------------------------------------------II Kings 16
6. Nahum (640 B.C.)-------------------------------------II Kings 21-22
7. Habakkuk (625-600 B.C.)----------------------------II Kings 23-25
8. Zephaniah (630 B.C.)---------------------------------II Kings 23-25
9. Obadiah (580 B.C.)----------------------------------------II Kings 25
10. Haggai (519 B.C.)---------------------------------------------Ezra 1-5
11. Zechariah (519 B.C.)-----------------------------------------Ezra 1-5
12. Malachi (440-400 B.C.)----------------Ezra 6-10; Nehemiah 1-13

CHRONOLOGY OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY BOOKS

BEGINNING 1500 1400 1200 1000 900 800 700 586 536 434
Genesis Exodus I & II I Kings----------II Kings Ezra Neh

Leviticus Samuel Esther
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Judges
(Ruth)
I Chronicles---------------------------------------------------------------II Chronicles
BOOKS OF MINOR PROPHETS
9TH Century-----------Joel
8th Century---------------------Jonah
Amos
Hosea
Micah
7th Century-------------------------------Nahum
Zephaniah
Habakkuk
6th Century-----------------------------------Obadiah
Haggai
Zechariah
5th Century-----------------------------------------------Malachi
KINGS OF ASSYRIA
(883-610 BC)
AFFECT ON ISRAEL
Ashurnasirpal II…………………..883-859
Shalmaneser III ***………………859-823 He defeated 12 kings at Qarqar

Israel also (Jehu paid tribute)
Shamshiadad IV…………………..823-810
Adadnirari III ***………………..810-781 Took Syria (took pressure of of

Israel)
Shalmaneser IV…………………..781-771
Ashurdan III……………………..771-753
Ashurnirari V…………………….753-745
Tiglathpileser III ***……………745-726 Meneham paid tribute to keep

power. Ahaz (Judah) paid tribute
also.
Shalmaneser V ***……………… 726-721 Put seige against Samaria
Sargon II ***……………………..721-705 Overthrew Samaria
Sennacherib ***…………………. 705-681 Took many cities of Judah

Hezekiah & Isaiah lead people
God intervenes (185,000 soldiers
slain mysteriously)
Esarhaddon ***…………………. 681-669 Made Manasah tributary
Ashurbanipal…………………….. 669-630 Conquered Thebes—Empire

begins to crumble
Ashuretililani…………………….. 630-620 Overthrown by Medes
Sinshariskun………………………620-612 Overthrown again by Medes &

Babylonians
Ashuruballit II……………………612-610 Final overthrow…end of Assyria
***Mentioned in Scripture by name

KINGS OF BABYLON
(626-539 BC)
Nabopolassar………………626-606-------Fall of Nineveh (612)

Fall of Haran (610)
Nebuchadressar……………606-562-------Judah made tributary (606)

Judah rebels & is subdued
(597)
Temple destroyed (586)
Evil-Merodach……………..562-560
Neriglissar………………….560-556
Labashi-Marduk…………..556
Nadonidus………………….556-539--------Overthrow of Babylon
(Belshazzar---Co-regent)
• Daniel lived during reign of all of the above kings.

KINGS OF THE MEDO-PERSIANS

(538-331 BC)
Darius, The Mede……………538-536------------Beginning of Medo-

Persian Empire
Cyrus II (the Great)…………536-530------------Jews allowed to return
to Jerusalem to rebuild
the Temple (536) under
Zerubbabel
Cambyses…………………….530-522
Smerdis Artaxerxes…………522
Darius I (Hystaspis)…………521-486-------------Temple restarted (520)

Temple finished (515)
Xerxes I (Ahasuerus)……….486-465-------------Time of book of Esther
Artaxerxes I (Longimanus)…465-423-------------Ezra returns with a

group (457)
Nehemiah arrives (445)
Xerxes II……………………..423
Sekydianos (Sogdianos)……..423
Darius II (Nothos)…………..423-404
Artaxerxes II (Mnemon)……404-359
Artaxerxes III (Ochos)……..359-338
Arses…………………………338-336
Darius III (Codomannus)…..336-331--------------Greeks conquered the

Medo-Persian Empire
Lesson Two
“Repent or Perish”
(Joel)
Joel spoke at a time that both Judah & Israel were on a sharp decline as a nation and as a
people desirous of serving God. The Northern Kingdom of Israel had gone into Idolatry. Jezebel
had pushed Baal worship to an extreme. Upon her death, Jehu tried to rid the land of Baal
worship, but did not gain the hearts of people back to God. Judah was also having problems with
idolatry. They had just gotten rid of the daughter of Jezebel from being Queen over Judah, and
appointed 7-year old Joash to be king. Both King Joash & Jehu started off good…..but the hearts
of the people were not turned to God. Thus, the purpose of Joel was:
a) To threaten punishment upon a disobedient people.
b) To call for repentance or else.
c) Mercy to be shown if they truly repented.
d) God will judge their enemies.
GOD’S WARNING OF DESTRUCTION! (1:1-2:11)
A. A terrible destruction is threatened. (1:2-3)

1) So severe that old men cannot recall a similar one.
2) Will be told from generation to generation. (1:2)
B. The extent of the destruction. (1:4-12, 16-20

1) Luxuries as well as essentials to life will be cut off.
2) Nothing left to bring as an offering unto God.
C. This destruction comes from the Lord. (1:15, 2:1-11)
1) Day of the Lord. (2:3, 11)
2) Come from the Almighty.
3) Blow the trumpets….sound of warning of extreme danger.
4) It is a day of darkness and gloom.
5) Day of helplessness, sinking heart, anguish, ruin.
6) It will come like a mighty army with horses & chariots.
7) Fire & destruction will be in its wake.
8) Like an earthquake….heavens trembling, sun & moon darkened, stars not
shining is God’s way of expressing judgment upon a nation and its fall.
(2:10; 3:15)
9) Describing God’s righteous indignation against a people who apparently had
turned to ungodliness & wickedness.
GOD CALLS FOR REPENTANCE (1:13-2:27)
A. In spite of destruction to come, it is not too late to repent. (1:13-14; 2:12-14)

1) God can still bless if he sees sincere repentance.
2) Sincerely fast, weep, and mourn.
3) Rend your hearts, not your garments.
4) Ps. 51:17---“The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and contrite
heart.”
B. God calls for a solemn assembly of the people. (2:15-17)
1) Led by priests…followed by all…youngest to oldest.
2) Call upon Jehovah to spare his people.
3) For if true repentance does not take place, God will deliver them into the
hands of heathen nations to rule over them.
C. The results of repentance. (2:18-27)
1) Cause the destroying army to leave a blessing behind.
2) He does not want them in derision of the heathen either, but sin will cause it.
3) He will show pity, compassion:
a) By giving them food sorely needed.
b) Remove the reproach brought on by their destruction.
c) Bless the fruit of their labors abundantly.
d) Restore an abundance to them again…like Garden of Eden.
e) Completely destroy the invaders.
4) God’s people will praise name of the Lord for what He has done
a) Will not be ashamed because they serve God.
b) Will know the Lord is God Almighty.
FUTURE PROMISES ABOUT HIS PEOPLE (2:28-3:17)
A. The outpouring of His Spirit upon all flesh. (2:28-32)

1) Messianic. (Acts 2:17-21)
2) Peter said, “This is that which the prophet Joel said”.
3) This would be upon all flesh….both Jew & Gentile.
4) Great signs will be shown at this time.
5) God’s great judgment will come people….Sun, Moon, Stars
6) Deliverance is promised to those who turn to Jehovah.
7) Deliverance will come from Jerusalem. (I Pet. 2:5-6)
B. He will recompense Judah & Jerusalem for sins committed against them. (3:1-8)
1) Heathen had taken them captive & scattered them among the nations.
2) Parted their land up for themselves.
3) Did not favor human life, cast lots for.
4) Used Tyre & Sidon to illustrate his point.
C. God calls upon the nations to do battle with Him. (3:8-17)
1) Get all the men you can….weapons, turn garden tools into spears, etc.
2) God will sit in judgment upon all nations (in Valley of Jehoshaphat). (3:12)
3) Their wickedness is full and ready to be punished.
4) Will know that Jerusalem is holy, the Lord’s dwelling place for His
people….no strangers to pass through.
GREAT BLESSINGS TO COME IN THAT DAY. (3:18-21)
A. Great blessings to come to God’s people and all who seek Him and His refuge.
(3:21) (Rev. 22:17)
B. Uses Egypt & Edom to illustrate God’s punishment to those who would not turn to
Him for refuge.
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
The Prophet gives Hope in midst of great destruction….physically. He also offers hope in
midst of great injustices that have not fully been avenged. Such will be avenged in day of the
judgment of Jehovah. God’s people will be exonerated…held up….exalted…justified. God
would prove who were His true people by dwelling with them!
REVIEW QUESTIONS
True or False
____1. God uses nations to illustrate the good and the bad and the outcome of such.
____2. Hope gives purpose for keeping on living and striving to do right.
____3. Joel’s message was primary to the Northern Kingdom of Israel.
____4. Joel promised the outpouring of God’s Spirit upon “all flesh.”
____5. Joel calls upon the people to fast, weep, and mourn.
____6. God called upon the nations to gather together to do battle with Him.
____7. When God’s destruction came it would leave neither luxuries nor necessities.
____8. The daughter of Jezebel ruled over Judah for a period of time.
____9. Joash was 17 years old when appointed king over Judah.
____10. Joel’s promise of the outpouring of the Spirit was fulfilled when the Spirit came
upon the Apostles in Acts 2 and on Cornelius and his house in Acts 10.
Lesson Three
“A God of Forgiveness”
INTRODUCTION
1. The last outstanding prophet to Israel was Elisha (854-800?)
2. At his death he indicated that Israel would prosper again.
a) Idolatry had been curbed somewhat in Israel.
b) Syria had suffered 3 defeats that gave Israel relief.
1—In 805 BC, Assyria crushed Syria.
2—For some reason Israel & Judah was left alone for 50 years.
a) Assyria was evidently too pre-occupied to be a threat to Israel.
1—To the north….Northern tribes were creeping down within
100 miles of Nineveh.
2—She turned her interest to protect herself.
3. So, both Israel & Judah began to prosper again.
a) Land control & countries ruled over was as large as time of Solomon.
b) The period of prosperity was a time of testing of Israel in particular.
c) For 20-30 years, no prophet is mentioned.
d) Then, Jonah appears on the scene. II Kings 14:23-29
DISCUSSION
I. GOD’S CALLED TO JONAH TO GO TO NINEVEH REJECTED. (1:1-3)
A. Go to Nineveh and cry out against the city.
1) Nineveh was a great city itself for it’s day.
2) And was growing larger in land & countries conquered.
3) The reason for sending Jonah….city was wicked!
a) She had treated nations & cities with great contempt and cruelty.
b) Burned city after city that they conquered.
c) Left piles of mangled bodies when they left.
d) She was hated, despised by all….but feared even more.
B. Jonah’s Rejection.
1) Why would God send a prophet to save a people like this?
2) Jonah’s reaction was quite natural for that time.
a) Nineveh needed to be punished.
b) She needs to fall.
c) Why send someone to save her?
d) If saved….she would only come down & destroy more.
3) Jonah was unable to see reason for God’s plan.
a) Or…maybe he saw too much!
b) May have also realized that God would use this people later in
punishing his own rebellious people.
c) As a prophet…these insights could have been possible.
C. Jonah’s Rebellion & refusal to go.

1) Often many do as Jonah:
a) Can’s see God’s purposes;
b) Or, what they do see, don’t agree with.
2) So, he turned from serving God…left his own people.
a) He found a boat at Joppa going for Tarshish. (Spain)
b) He thought he could flee from God’s presence.
II. GOD’S PERSUASION OF JONAH TO DO HIS BIDDING. (1:4-17)

A. God caused a great wind to arise to threaten the boat.
1) People became desperate.
2) Cast lots to see who was guilty of bringing this terrible thing upon them…..it
fell upon Jonah.
3) Jonah’s statement…Vs. 9
4) “What shall we do with thee?” Vs. 12
5) They were relunctant at first….but finally threw him overboard. Vs. 14-17
B. Jonah swallowed by a large fish prepared by God.
1) This was not unusual….had happened before many times.
2) Story of a man who actually survived such.
3) Jonah was in belly of great fish 3 days & nights.
III. JONAH’S CRY UNTO THE LORD FROM THE FISH’S BELLY. (2:1-10)
A. His affliction caused him to cry out to God.
1) Out of the belly of hell (Sheol).
2) He was alive in the fish’s stomach….can you imagine such?
3) Condition described in Vs. 5-6.
4) Jonah changed His mind about serving God. Vs. 7
B. Jonah brought to repentance.
1) Vs. 8-9
2) God spoke to the fish that it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land.
IV. GOD’S SECOND CALL TO JONAH HEEDED. (3:1-4)

A. Jonah goes to Nineveh.
1) “3 days journey”----To get to city from where God called him a 2nd time.
2) Or, 3 days journey across the city?
B. Jonah’s message.
1) “Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.”
2) It was a message of doom for a nation that deserved it.
V. NINEVEH BROUGHT TO REPENTANCE. (3:5-10)

A. The people believed God’s message of doom.
1) They proclaimed a fast
2) Put on sackcloth from greatest to least.
3) King also clothed in sackcloth & sat in ashes.
4) He made a proclamation. Vs. 7-9
B. God changed his mind about destroying Nineveh.

1) He saw how they turned from their evil way
2) God repented (changed his mind) about destroying them.
VI. JONAH’S DISPLEASURE AT NINEVEH’S REPENTANCE. (4:1-3)

A. The extent of his displeasure….
1) Exceedingly
2) He was very angry.
B. Jonah prays to God about it.
1) Vs. 2
2) Since you are going to save this people…….
3) Then, just take my life from me.
4) “It is better to die, than to live.”
VII. THE LORD JUSTIFIES HIS ACTIONS & REBUKES JONAH. (4:4-11)
A. God helps Jonah to understand.
1) He acknowledged that Jonah was angry.
2) Jonah builds a booth to sit under to wait and see what would happen to the
city. (40 days???)
3) So God prepares a “gourd” (Vine to shade him even better).
4) Jonah was exceeding glad.
5) God caused a worm to destroy the Vine the next day.
6) Then God caused a strong east wind to blow and the sun to beat down upon
Jonah’s head that he fainted.
7) Wished himself dead again.
B. The lesson.
1) Jonah, are you angry for the gourd?
2) Yes
3) “You have pitied the gourd, which came up in a night and perished in a
night.”
4) “Should not I have spare Nineveh that has 120,000 children and much cattle?”
5) And the book ends!!
CONCLUSION
1. How long did the repentance last?
a) It did not stop Assyria from Empire-building for very long.
b) They seem to have changed from their cruelty approach.
2. Why did God send Jonah?
a) To help Nineveh become the chastening hand of God and not the
annihilating hand of God.
b) To show God’s willingness to bless all nations who will repent.
c) His love and mercy can be extended to all peoples.
3. Jonah has no Messianic prophecy, but has an event that Jesus used.
a) Foretold of his resurrection in relation to Jonah’s experience.
b) Matt. 12:40-41
4. The effects of this book is still quite powerful & edifying.
Lesson Four
THE PROPHESIES OF AMOS

INTRODUCTION
1. Background to the Book:
a) The threat of Assyria had lessened for Israel & Judah.
1—She had subdued Syria….which helped Israel.
2—Assyria was busily occupied with other nations.
3—Israel & Judah had a period of expansion, peace, & prosperity.
b) Conditions with Israel:
1—Jeroboam II reigned for about 40 prosperous years.
2—Vigorous building & expansion program.
3—Regained much of what had been lost.
4—Prosperity, wealth, peace…..rule of the day.
c) Socially:
1—Wealth, luxury, self-indulgence, oppression and slavery of the poor.
2—Winter & summer houses of hewn stone.
3—Ivory paneling & couches with rich furnishings.
4—Delicacies & stirring music for feasts & banquets.
5—Ease & extravagance contrasted with misery and suffering of slave
population.
6—Officials were dishonest & corrupt.
7—Usury, extortion, riot, class hatred were common.
8—The rich gained their wealth by injustice & oppression.
d) Religious conditions:
1—Outwardly, very religious.
2—Great numbers made journeys to shrines at Bethel, Gilgal, and Beersheba.
3—Elaborate ceremonies & religious observances in abundance
4—Very pious in their claims to be God’s chosen people.
5—Inwardly---unchanged:
---Immorality was abundant.
---Righteous were hated & oppressed by wicked.
---Much insincerity & superstition & idolatry abounded.
2. Prophets God sent to warn of the coming dangers:
a) He sent 4 succeeding prophets to warn them that fatal days lay ahead if they did not
repent.
b) Amos laid stress on the righteousness of Jehovah.
c) Hosea laid stress on the love of Jehovah for his people and of his willingness to take
them back upon repentance.
d) Isaiah stressed God’s Holinesss & Majesty.
e) Micah stressed the Divine judgments of God.
f) Amos was sent about 40-50 years before Israel’s overthrow by the Assyrians.
1—Amos lived a few miles south of Jerusalem.
2—He was not a prophet, nor the son of a prophet.
3—But God called this rough herdsman to speak for Him to a rich, wealthy,
sophisticated people.
4—They were at the height of greatness---on brink of a golden career.
5—But it was one of building up of their sins to the fullest.
g) Purpose….To show God’s judgment upon Israel for same sins that the Amorites
before them had been guilty of….and had been driven out of the land because of
such.
DISCUSSION
I. GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON NATIONS ABOUT ISRAEL. (1:1-2:3)
A. Nations:
1) 3 unrelated nations:
a) Damascus (Syria) (Northeast of Israel).
b) Gaza (Philistines) (Plans to the South West)
c) Tyrus (Phoenicia) (Plans to the North West)
2) 3 related nations:
a) Edom (Esau’s descendants) (South of Judea)
b) Ammon (Lot’s descendants) (East)
c) Moab (Lot’s descendants) (South East)
B. Reasons for God’s judgment:
1) Their cruelty, breaking of brotherly covenants, selling people into captivity.
2) General miscellaneous wickedness.
II. GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON JUDAH. (2:4-5)

A. Southern Kingdom….(Due South of Israel)
B. Reasons for God’s judgments:
1) Despised the law of the Lord
2) Have not kept his commandments
3) Their lies (Teaching of false prophets) caused them to err.
4) Their fathers walked after this way.
III. GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON ISRAEL. (2:6-4:13)

A. For their Social & Civil Injustices: (3:2)
1) The rich were getting richer off injustices to poor, needy, and the righteous.
2) They were constantly after the poor.
3) They tried to corrupt the meek, to turn him aside.
4) Oppress the poor, crush the needy, and take away the results of their labor.
5) They forced the poor to sell themselves as slaves for silver or even a pair of
shoes.
6) They encouraged bribery.
7) They discouraged just judges….encouraged dishonest ones.
8) They used false balances & weights.
9) Gross immorality.
B. For their Religious sins:
1) They had elaborate worship at Bethel & Gilgal.
a) Sacrifices every morning.
b) Tithes constantly
c) Thanksgiving & freewill offerings.
2) Their worship was corrupted:
a) Wrong places
b) Wrong objects (idols)
c) Wrong attitudes
3) God despised their:
a) Feast days
b) Solemn assemblies not acceptable.
c) Offerings of burnt offering & meat offering…not acceptable.
d) Songs not acceptable.
4) They couldn’t wait for the Sabbath, or New Moon Festival to be over to do
their evil again.
5) They corrupted the Nazarite sent to them.
6) They forbade the prophets to speak.
7) Their religion pleased them, not God.
8) Their worship was abundant, loud, open….But…
a) It was quantity, but not quality.
b) It was from a rebellious heart….self-willed worship.
C. For their material indulgence:
1) The rich were at ease, lulling in luxury, feasting & gluttoning to high-heaven.
2) All the time:
a) Poor were oppressed and wronged.
b) Righteous were beaten & wrongly treated.
c) While the nation rotted from within in its injustices.
D. For their lack of repentance.
1) God had been merciful twice & spared Israel (Locust & Fire)
2) Because of prayer & the few righteous people left.
3) 4:12---“Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel: and because I will do
this unto thee, prepare to meet thy God, O Israel.”
IV. GOD’S LAMENT OVER ISRAEL. (5:1-3)

A. Israel is fallen (past tense)!!
1) She shall no more rise
2) She is forsaken upon her land
3) There is none to raise her up
B. The outcome:
1) Cities that had a 1000 will be left with 100.
2) Cities that had a l00 will be left with 10.
V. THE CALL TO SEEK AFTER GOD AND HIS WAYS. (5:4-20)

A. “Seek me, and ye shall live” (5:4)
1) Seek not after your idols at Bethel, Gilgal, Beersheba.
2) Seek the Lord, who is creator of all things & the Almighty.
B. “Seek good, and not evil, that ye may live.” (5:14)
1) He then will be with you as you now claim.
2) Hate the evil, love the good.

3) Establish judgment in the gate.
C. “Woe unto you that desire the day of the Lord” (5:18)
1) It will not be what you expect.
2) It will be darkness, not light.
VI. GOD’S REJECTION OF THEIR INSINCERE SERVICES. (5:21-27)

A. God hated their Worship.
1) Because they came from an insincere heart.
2) A heart filled with wickedness.
3) His challenge: “But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as
a mighty stream.” (5:24)
4) Rebukes their idolatry.
B. I will cause you to go into captivity.
1) It will be beyond Damascus. (5:27)
2) Obvious that he was talking about Assyria.
VII. ISRAEL’S INDULGENCE CONDEMNED. (6:1-6)

A. “Woe to them that are at ease in Zion”
1) You trust in yourselves.
2) You practice ungodliness.
3) Indulge in luxuries & are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph.
4) 6:5
VIII. GOD’S PROMISE OF PUNISHMENT OF ISRAEL. (6:7-14)
A. These will go into captivity first.
1) He will deliver up the city(Samaria) of all in it.
2) Reason: “for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of
righteousness into hemlock.” (6:12)
3) God promises to raise up a nation against them. (6:14)
4)
IX. THE PROPHET AVERTS WORST PUNISHMENT OF ISRAEL. (7:1-9)
A. God was merciful twice because of the prophet.
1) Locust
2) Fire
B. The plumbline is stretched over Israel.

1) Shows how far off from righteousness she had gone.
2) God will not pass by them a third time.
3) Little hope is held out.
X. AMAZIAH’S INTERFERENCE AND GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON HIM. (7:10-17)

A. His effort.
1) He warns the king (Jeroboam II) of the words of Amos.
a) That the king will die by the sword.
b) Israel will be led away captive out of their own land.
2) He urges Amos to go back to Judah and prophesy there.
3) 7:12-13
B. Amos’ reply to Amaziah. (7:17)

1) Told of his background.
2) How the Lord called him to speak to Israel.
3) Prophecy against Amaziah:
a) Your wife will be a harlot in city.
b) Your children will die by the sword.
c) Your land divided.
d) You will die in a polluted land.
e) And Israel shall surely go into captivity.
XI. THE PUNISHMENT OF ISRAEL VIVIDLY DESCRIBED. (8:1-9:10)

A. Israel’s fall compared to ripe summer fruit! (8:2)
1) She is ripe for destruction.
2) God said he would not pass by them again.
3) Also said He would never forget any of their works.
4) Their fall will be terrible.
5) There will be a famine of the word of the Lord. (8:11)
6) They would be wanderers on the earth. (8:12)
7)
B. But God promises He would not utterly destroy Israel.
1) He will sift the house of Israel among all nations. (9:9)
2) All sinners will die by the sword. (9:10)
3) Can’t hide from God’s Wrath. (9:2-3)
XII. RESTORATION OF TABERNACLE OF DAVID. (9:11-15)

A. Hope is held out to Israel in the future.
1) Believed to be a Messiah hope.
2) Expressed in desirable, physical terms…..but spiritual in nature.
B. A remnant would be raised up to bring glory to God. (9:14)

1) Under new kingdom….
a) All nations would come under His reign.
b) All will be called by name of Jehovah.
c) There will be spiritual fullness to those in the kingdom.
d) Their homeland would be forever (heaven).
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What six peoples did Amos speak against besides Judah & Israel?
2. What proverbial saying does Amos use to show why God could no
longer walk with Israel?
3. Who was the priest that spoke against Amos?

4. What kind of work did Amos do?
5. What kind of famine did God say he would send among the people?
6. How will the Lord sift Israel?

TRUE OR FALSE
____1. Amos prophesied during the reign of Jeroboam II.

____2. Amos offered no condemnation of Judah.
____3. Bethel had an altar for worship located with it.
____4. God named the place of Israel’s captivity.
Lesson Five
THE PROPHESIES OF HOSEA

INTRODUCTION
1. Hosea is a book of:
a) Eloquence, Beauty, Stark & Naked Truth.
b) With great appeal, with pathos, and with love.
c) That has great imagery, vivid illustrations of great concepts.
d) Of great sadness, hopelessness, and rejection.
2. Towards the end of the peaceful reign of Jeroboam II in Israel:
a) Amos was sent to warn them of God’s judgment to come because of their sinful ways.
b) It seems to have been to no avail.
c) God then sent Hosea to deliver one of the most GRAPHIC and TOUCHING
revelations of God’s love up to this time.
d) He pleads, exhorts, and woos in the name of a loving God, while still presenting the
punishment of God.
e) He appeals for repentance on the basis of: (1) Pain to God; and (2) The anger of God.
3. Upon Jeroboam’s death anarchy sets in.
a) Assassination, murder, gross idolatry, general chaos.
b) This last for 20-30 years—until Israel’s overthrow.
c) Six kings followed in succession—each murdering to get to the throne.
4. Hosea tried to appeal to his people, but to no avail.
a) It was a time of decay, death, feuds, broken covenants.
b) Wild adventurers arose at almost any time to seize the throne.
c) Foolish, godless rulers sought their own selfish ends, while a nation suffered and
collapsed.
d) Judges, kings, princes, were corrupt, selfish and arrogant.
5. Assyria came down and subjugated Samaria during the reign of Tiglath-Pileser.
a) In spite of this, the people would not change.
b) The end came in 722-21 B.C., when Sargon II completed the siege and transported the
people elsewhere.
DISCUSSION
I. ABOUT THE PROPHET HOSEA:
A. Not sure where he lived.
B. God encouraged and used his marital experiences to great advantage.
1) He was encouraged by God to marry a young woman of idolatrous
background.
2) Because of yielding to that influence, she became untrue to him.
3) She had 3 children during their time together, BUT HE WAS NOT SURE
THEY WERE HIS.
4) She later went into Whoredom altogether….hiring herself out.
5) As she lost her beauty and charm of youth…she was sold as a slave.
6) Hosea bought her back….out of love for her in spite of what she had done.
C. This condition was used to envision Israel’s bleak, sinful condition.

1) God called her out of Idolatrous background in Egypt.
2) He married her….she became His chosen.
3) He gave her all she needed.
4) But instead of returning His love, she turned back to her former influences
(idolatry).
5) Finally, in her desperation:
a) She turn wholly from God to others.
b) She no longer depended upon God.
c) She gave money to other nations to deliver her.
d) Which nations later turned upon her and sold her.
6) In her sinful, degraded, idolatrous condition….GOD OFFERS TO TAKE
HER BACK!
a) But, there had to be true repentance.
b) The only real hope held out was a Messianic Hope.
7) It is this Messianic Remnant (Spiritual Israel---Church) that God brought back
to himself.
8) Hosea prophesied about 760-725 B.C.
II. ISRAEL’S CONDITION AS PRESENTED BY HOSEA:

A. Religious:
1) Worse than what Amos had said!
2) One word stands out…. “WHOREDOM”
3) It was worse than Adultery….She sold herself for hire.
4) People did not know God…. Ignorant of Him & His Laws.
5) Two systems of false religion:
a) Calf Worship
b) Baal Worship
c) Both apostate!
B. Moral:
1) Guilty of swearing, breaking faith, murder, stealing, committing adultery,
deceit, lying, drunkenness, dishonesty in business, and other crimes.
2) A nation in decay….ready for a fall.
C. Political:
1) If upheaval had not started yet, it would soon.
2) Upon the death of Jeroboam II, his son Zechariah reigned 6 months.
3) Slain by Shallum….And he reigned only one month.
4) He was slain by Menahem….He reigned for 10 years.
5) He paid heavy tribute to Assyria.
6) Pekahiah, his son, succeeded him for 2 years.
7) He was slain by Pekah.
8) It was during Pekah’s reign:
a) Conquest of Northern Israel began.
b) Many were carried away then.
9) Hoshea slew Pekah and reigned.

a) He rebelled against Assyria.
b) Sent to Egypt for help.
10) Samaria fell in 722-21 BC & carried away captive.
CONCLUSION
1. 4 things characterized the nation:
a) Rebellion against all constituted authority….assassination of kings & princes.
b) Dependence upon human defenses & foreign alliances, not the power of God.
c) Corruption of priests in league with false prophets.
d) Corruption of worship (Calf & Baal Worship), which led to immorality &
faithlessness.
2. God’s message:
a) Your sins are great….God has been patient & kind long enough.
b) Your doom as a people must come….it is inevitable.
c) You have broken the covenant that God made with you as a people.
Lesson Six
THE PROPHESIES OF MICAH

INTRODUCTION
1. God’s true prophets spoke in perilous & dangerous times with great courage.
a) They were not backslapping, hale & hearty fellows….as just one of the gang.
b) Neither were they fearful, timid, afraid-of-his-shadow type of fellow.
c) They warned of impending dangers.
d) They advised the king & his counselors what courses to take.
e) They called for deep & true repentance.
f) Drastic changes in the lives of the people.
g) And with seemingly little success. but they did postpone the disaster for a little
longer.
2. Micah was one of 4 prophets sent during this crucial time for both Judah and Israel.
a) Amos & Hosea were primarily sent to speak to Israel.
b) Micah & Isaiah primarily to Judah.
DISCUSSION
I. BACKGROUND:
A. The Prophet:
1) Lived 20-25 miles SW of Jerusalem.
2) Micah spoke to the common people out in the countryside.
3) While Isaiah worked with the rulers in Jerusalem.
4) Micah prophesied from about 740-700 BC.
B. Political Conditions:
1) Kings who reigned: Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah.
2) During time of Uzziah (and Jeroboam II) there was prosperity and enlarging
of land holdings.
3) Jotham was a good king who followed policies of his father.
4) However, Ahaz was wicked and brought on much of the problems religiously.
a) Israel & Syria wanted to rebel against Assyria and called for Judah to
help them. (735 BC).
b) Ahaz refused.
c) Israel & Syria conquered Judah in battle & made her tributary.
d) Ahaz called for Assyrian help against advice of God’s prophet.
e) Assyria came down & conquered Syrians in 732 BC.
f) Most of Israel’s cities fell, except for Samaria.
g) Samaria made to pay a heavy tribute.
h) Further rebellion led to Assyrian overthrow of Samaria in 722-21 BC.
5) In 711 BC, Judah, Ashdod, Edom, Moab & Egypt rebelled against Assyria.
a) Severe punishment was inflicted on all but Jerusalem.
b) 46 cities of Judah were taken.
c) But Hezekiah listened to God and put his trust in God.
d) 185,000 soldiers mysterious slain during night.
e) Judah escaped for time being.
C. Religious Conditions:
1) King Ahaz brought in Idolatry--altars, images, pagan worship from Assyrians.
2) Even the worship of their god, Asshur.
3) These things were later cleansed by King Hezekiah.
4) But the hearts of the people were not in the change.
5) Justice, righteousness, honesty almost forgotten.
6) Immorality was prominent.
7) Made slaves of the people.
8) Stole & robbed the poor.
9) People preferred to follow false prophets.
10) Concept of God was like heathen nations.
II. STUDY OF THE BOOK OF MICAH.

A. God’s judgment is coming upon them. Ch. 1
1) 1:1---Time when he prophesied (740-700)
2) 1:6-7---Fall of Samaria predicted.
3) Important city after city described as having fallen in Judah.
4) Their children will be taken away captive. 1:16
B. Their refusal to listen will bring captivity. Chs. 2-3
1) Injustices:
a) Oppress the poor. 2:2
b) Oppress women & children. 2:9
c) They hate the good & love the evil. 3:2
d) Abhor judgment & pervert all equity. 3:9
e) Build up Zion with blood & Jerusalem with iniquity. 3:10
2) Their leaders:
a) Judge for reward
b) Priests teach for hire
c) Prophets divine for money (2:11)
d) And then have the audacity to say: “Is not the Lord among us? None
evil can come upon us.” 3:11
3) Their punishment to come:
a) God will not hear them. 3:4
b) God will send no message through false prophets. 3:7
c) Zion will be overthrown. 3:12
C. Their restoration and future glory. Chs. 4-5
1) 4:1-8---Messianic promises.
2) Zion will be where the Lord will reign over His people. 4:8
3) 4:9-13---Judah will be taken captive to Babylon, but later return.
4) This Messianic ruler will come out of Bethlehem. 5:2
a) Emphasis upon His Deity.
b) God will give His people up until time of new Kingdom. 5:3
5) Assyria will be punished. 5:6
6) God’s people scattered among Gentiles will be a blessing to them. 5:7-9
7) At that time Jacob will no longer have:

a) Witches, Soothsayers
b) Graven images…worship of such. 5:12-14
D. Sins of the people. Chs. 6-7
1) God calls for his people to tell him why they have forsaken him. 6:2-4
2) What can the people do to be right with God. 6:6-8
3) Sins listed:
a) Treasures gained by wickedness.
b) Wicked balances.
c) Full of violence, lies, tongue is deceitful
d) You walk in the ways of Omni & Ahab. 6:10-11, 16
e) Good men perished from earth….none upright. 7:2
f) Lie in wait for blood to kill their brother. 7:2
g) All leaders are corrupt. 7:3
h) Even the best of them are like a sharp thorn. 7:4
i) Can’t trust in anyone, but God. 7:5-7
4) Just punishment is coming:
a) Make you desolate. 6:13
b) All efforts to reverse punishment are vain. 6:13-15
c) Day of visitation is coming. 7:4
5) The prophets were giving recognition to the just punishment of God upon the
people. 7:8-10
6) The land will be made desolate because of sins of the people. 7:13
7) But God will show marvelous things in future. 7:15
8) Ends with emphasis upon God’s mercy. 7:18-20
Lesson Seven
THE PROPHESIES OF NAHUM

INTRODUCTION
1. At the close of the 8th century:

a) Northern Israel was taken away captive by Assyrians (722-21 BC).
b) Judah stood alone, greatly reduced in size & power.
c) Judah was at the mercy of the nations around her, unless God protected her.
d) God did….185,000 Assyrian soldiers killed.
e) Judah survived for almost a hundred more years.
f) The prophets helped, but could not get out the cancerous idolatry in the people’s
heart.
2. Judah’s overthrow came in three phases:
a) 606 BC….Main leaders taken….Daniel, 3 young men.
b) 597 BC….Main leaders again taken….Ezekiel.
c) 586 BC….Complete destruction of city, Temple, captivity for most of people--few
left.
3. Following are the kings during this hundred years:
a) Hezekiah----721-696----Good king.
b) Manasseh----696-641----Evil king up until last years of life.
c) Amon----641-639----Turned people back to idolatry.
d) Josiah----639-609----Very good king….restoration of Law.
4. The Assyrians: (See page 5 of booklet)
a) 681-669---Esarhaddon made Manasseh tributary.
b) 669-630---Ashurbanipal conquered Thebes, but Empire begins to crumble.
c) 630-620---Ashuretililani overthrown by the Medes.
---Nabopolassar won independence of Assyria in 626.
d) 620-612---Medes overthrew sacred city of Asshur in 614.
---Babylonians & Medes overthrew Nineveh in 612.
e) 612-610---The Assyrian State lingered a while longer because of
Egyptian support.
---Ashur-uballit held out at Harran for 2 years.
---He tried to recapture Harran with aid of Neccho II of
Egypt, but failed.
5. The Prophet Nahum:
a) Dated about 640 B.C.
b) His message was primarily about the complete overthrow of Nineveh.
c) The message moves swiftly and forcefully to its great conclusion…..Nineveh will
utterly fall.
d) Emphasizes the justness of God’s punishment upon Nineveh.
6. Assyrian brutality described:
a) Skinned some prisoners alive.
b) Cut off hands, feet, noses, ears, put out eyes, pull out tongues, made mounds of
human skulls.
c) They continued to subjugate nation after nation.

7. Decades had been spent in fortifying the city.
a) Nimrod founded the city early after flood…famous for centuries.
b) Walls as high as 100 feet in places.
c) 7 ½ miles across city.
d) 3 chariots could drive side by side on walls.
e) Had 1200 defense towers and a moat outside (140 wide and 60 feet deep in places).
f) Seemed almost impossible to overthrow.
g) But, God had decreed its fall….it fell….never to rise again.
1—Pomp, pride, glory of mighty power was brought low.
2—A new world power arose to dominate in its stead.
3—So complete was its destruction that by 331, Alexander the Great didn’t see a
trace of it.
DISCUSSION
I. GOD’S GOODNESS TO THE RIGHTEOUS, BUT JUDGMENT UPON THE
WICKED. (1:1-15)
1) Contrast of God’s goodness & wrath. (Vs. 2-3, 6-7)

2) Nineveh’s overthrow. (Vs. 15)
II. GOD’S VICTORY OVER NINEVEH. (2:1-13)
1) Jacob & Israel’s punishment will be complete. (Vs. 2)

2) Nineveh’s overthrow will be complete. (Vs. 13)
III. THE ULTIMATE RUIN OF NINEVEH BECAUSE OF SIN. (3:1-19)
1) Woe pronounced upon Nineveh. (Vs. 1)

2) The multitude of slain that they have left behind. (Vs. 3)
3) God is against Nineveh. (Vs. 5)
4) Nineveh is laid waste! (Vs. 7)
5) No, in Egypt, fell even though well-fortified…..so will Nineveh, no matter how
well fortified. (Vs. 8-10)
6) You will fall like a ripe fig when shaken. (Vs. 12)
7) There is no healing of your wounds…you will die because of your wickedness.
(Vs. 19)
Lesson Eight
THE PROPHESIES OF HABAKKUK

INTRODUCTION
1. Time of writing:
a) No way to set it with accuracy.
b) Believed to have been just before Babylonians (Chaldeans) overthrew Jerusalem.
c) Dates….625-610 BC.
2. Background of this time:

a) 625---Time of Reforms of Josiah.
---Successful outwardly, but not inwardly with people.
---Still many righteous people, but in minority.
b) 609---Josiah killed in battle against Pharaoh Necho
---One of his sons, Eliakim or Jehoiakim, put on throne by Pharaoh Necho.
c) 612-606---Babylonians, Medes, Scynthians joined together to overthrow Assyria.
d) 606---The subjugation of Jerusalem to Babylonians.
---Princes, Nobles, Leading people taken away.
---Daniel and 3 Hebrew boys taken then.
---Not sure about Ezekiel….now or next carrying away.
e) Conditions during this time in Jerusalem:
1—Strife & contention.
2—Righteous were oppressed.
3—People lived in open sin.
4—God’s law was being openly turned from again.
5—Lack of trust in God’s promises.
3. Reason for writing:

a) He asked the question about God’s actions that have perplexed mankind thru the
centuries.
1—“Why does God allow such terrible devastation to go unchecked?”
2—“Why does God allow the innocent and just to suffer while the ungodly
criminals plunge us deeper into the abyss?”
b) If there is a consistency of God with himself:
1—“How can he permit evil.”
2—“Why doesn’t he exact punishment?”
3—“When will God lift His hand to change the tide and cause justice to be done
on the earth?”
c) The purpose…to show why God would use a wicked nation to punish His people.
d) Also…to show the great value of faith at such a time.
DISCUSSION
I. THE PROPHET’S PROBLEM STATED. (1:1-4)
A. The Questions:
1) “How long will God allow violence & destruction to go unchecked?”
2) “How long will he allow wickedness among his people to continue?”

3) “How long will my prayers go unanswered?”
II. GOD’S ANSWER TO HIS QUESTIONS. (1:5-11)

A. I am not idle, but am busy working out my plans. (Vs. 5-6)
1) God will punish Judah’s sins.
2) But it takes time to develop the right means of punishment within the
framework of man’s free will.
III. THE PROPHET’S SECOND PROBLEM. (1:12-17)

A. But why will God use a more wicked nation to punish Judah? (Vs. 12-13)
1) The prophet knows that evil must be punished.
2) But how can God use such a cruel instrument to punish Judah?
3) How can a righteous and holy God use such a cruel people?
IV. THE PROPHET PATIENTLY WAITS FOR GOD’S ANSWER. (2:1)

A. He waited to see what God would answer.
B. But also for the reproof that he expected to come.
V. GOD’S SECOND REPLY TO HABAKKUK. (2:2-4)

A. Prophet told to write down God’s answer plainly so can be easily read, even by a
runner.
VI. GOD’S WOES ARE PRONOUNCED UPON THE WICKED. (2:5-20)

A. God’s answer:
1) God moves slowly for man….his justice will become evident in the future.
2) Cruelty and pride will be destroyed….righteousness will triumph.
3) But now….Patience is greatly required on man’s part.
4) Chaldeans may prosper in their wickedness for a season….and seem to
triumph…over a people more righteous than they.
5) Yet….they carry within themselves the seed of ruin.
6) They are self-centered, and are therefore doomed.
7) The righteous will survive all of this because of their faith in God.
8) The Righteous are God-centered, and are therefore permanent.
9) The glory of the Lord will be magnify on the earth through them. V. 14
10) God’s will will be done in the earth…believe in it…rest in it.
11) Stand in awe of God as he carries out his majesty plans for his people. V. 20
VII. THE PROPHET’S PRAYER, PRAISE, AND FAITH IN GOD. (3:1-19)

A. His realization….God is not dead, but living.
1) He is working his plan, and wicked will be punished.
2) Problems and events are now seen within the sovereignty of God/
3) His soul is at peace in midst of a world of turmoil.
B. His prayer.
1) V. 2
2) Descriptive praises of God’s work in time’s past. (Vs. 3, 6, 10-13)
3) Reaction of the prophet. (V. 16)

C. His faith in God expressed.
1) He closes his book with one of the greatest declarations of faith to be found in
the Bible.
2) Vs. 18-19
Lesson Nine
THE PROPHESIES OF ZEPHANIAH

INTRODUCTION
1. Three prophets, at least, were prophesying at this time:
a) Jeremiah was called to prophecy about 627 BC to Judah.
b) Nahum was called to prophecy against Nineveh among the people of Judah, possibly
about the same time.
c) Zephaniah also prophesied during the reign of Josiah.
2. Hezekiah’s reign had been basically a good one. (727-698 BC)
a) Judah was saved from total destruction by the assyrians by the hand of God.
b) As long as Judah remained dormant….Assyria did not punish her.
3. Manasseh’s reign basically bad. (698-641 BC)
a) He was 12 years old when he began to reign.
b) Ezar-Haddon, King of Assyria, came against Jerusalem.
1—He took Manasseh captive to Nineveh.
2—Manasseh repents, humbles himself, prays for forgiveness.
3—He was allowed to return to Jerusalem.
4—He tried to undo all his evil.
d) Before this, his evil was terrible.
1—Built high places, altars to: Baal, Asherah, Host of Heaven.
2—Brought them into house of God.
3—Made his son to pass thru fire to Molech.
4—Practiced Augury, Enchantment.
5—Sought after familiar spirits, wizardry.
6—Turned a deaf ear to God’s true prophets.
7—Seduced people to become more wicked than nations they had been driven
out.
8—Shed much innocent blood.
e) His effort to undo wasn’t very effective.
4. Amon’s Reign was bad. (641-639 BC)
a) 22 years old when he began to reign.
b) Tried to undo his father’s reforms.
c) Became ridiculous in his extremes.
d) His servants killed him after 2 years.
5. Josiah’s reign was very good. (639-609 BC)
a) Only 8 when he began to reign.
b) He had spiritually-minded men to help him.
c) About 621 BC, he set about to restore the true worship of God.
d) We don’t know how much effect these prophets had on Josiah.
e) Certainly they could have encouraged him & backed him up.
f) He was killed in battle against Egyptians in 609 BC.
6. Purpose of book of Zephaniah.
a) Manasseh’s evil work had been done well.
b) Even his attempts to undo his evil in his later years did not avail in the hearts and
lives of the people.
c) His son merely opened the door again to practice them openly.
d) The reforms of Josiah show clearly that Manasseh had very little effect at reforming
the people’s hearts.
e) Zephaniah is speaking to a calloused, unteachable people.
f) Their courts were without mercy.
g) Their prophets were treated like traitors.
h) Their priests were profane.
i) His job was to warn Judah and Jerusalem of their coming judgment and to urge them
to speedily repent.
DISCUSSION
I. THE LORD’S WARNING THAT HE WILL CUT OFF ALL THINGS. (1:1-6)
1. V. 2
II. THE DAY OF THE LORD’S JUDGMENT IS AT HAND. (1:7-13)
1. V. 7
2. They didn’t believe Lord would do good or evil. (v. 12)
III. THE DAY OF THE LORD IS VERY NEAR. (1:14-18)
1. V. 14
2. Adjectives used. (v. 15-16)
IV. CALL TO RIGHTEOUSNESS THAT THEY MIGHT HAVE HOPE IN THAT DAY.
(2:1-3)
1. v. 3
V. GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON NATIONS ABOUT JUDAH. (2:4-15)
1. v. 4-5, etc.
2. Moab. (v. 8-10)
3. Nineveh. (v. 13)
VI. GOD’S JUDGMENTS AND HOPES FOR ISRAEL. (3:1-7)
1. Reasons for Judgment. (v. 2-4)
VII. GOD’S INTENTIONS OF DESTROYING ALL NATIONS ABOUT JUDAH. (3:8)
1. v. 8
ISRAEL’S HOPE IN MIDST OF THIS. (3:9-13)
1. v. 12 (Messianic???)
IX. ISRAEL’S RETURN AND TIME FOR JOY. (3:14-20)
1. v. 14
2. Assurance of return. (v. 20)
Lesson Ten
THE PROPHESIES OF OBADIAH

INTRODUCTION
1. Dating of Obadiah is not sure.
a) Some place this prophet as early as 700-650 BC.
b) Others after the Fall of Jerusalem….580 BC.
2. We will be looking at possibility of the 2nd dating.
a) Jerusalem fell in 3 stages at the end:
1—606---Captives (Daniel, 3 young men), etc.
2—597---Captives (Jehoiachin, Ezekiel)
3—586---Final….destruction of temple, city, wealth, people.
b) It was richly deserved because of sin.
3. Two prophets were sent to pronounce woes upon other nations:
a) Habakkuk to speak against Babylon.
b) Obadiah to speak against Edom.
4. Purpose of Obadiah---To show that Edom’s actions toward Judah will be punished, but Judah
will be again glorified.
DISCUSSION
I. GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON EDOM. (Vs. 1-9)
A. Edom must fall. (1-4)
1) Different nations and people will be aroused against Edom.
2) Cause her to be despised in eyes of others…own friends.
3) Her pride and arrogance will be her downfall.
a) Edom was located south of dead sea.
b) 100 miles long….20 miles wide.
c) Mostly mountainous range…plenty of natural protection.
d) Plenty of water and pasture.
e) Capital city dwelt high overlooking beautiful valley.
f) Thought couldn’t be taken.
g) Had exalted herself like soaring eagle.
h) Lord said, “Yet will I bring thee down.”
B. Destruction will be complete. (5)
1) Thieves steal only what they need, leave some remnant.
2) Grape-gatherers leave some in field.
3) When God gets through…nothing left in Edom.
C. As she was treacherous, so shall she be treated. (6-7)
1) Had hiding places for treasures.
2) Go out on raiding expeditions, retreat to their impregnable strongholds.
3) But it will not be Edom’s enemies, but whom she thought were friends that
shall overthrow her.
D. In that day, all past strength & wisdom will fail. (8-9)
1) Counselors will not know which way to turn.
2) Confusion…even strong men will fall-- Will be cut off by slaughter.
II. REASONS FOR THIS JUDGMENT. (1:10-14)

A. Because of the violence against Jacob.
1) Had always been enmity between Jacob & Esau’s descendants.
2) Edom refused Israel passage when coming to Canaan. Num. 20:14-21
3) Always ready to aid an attacking army against Judah.
4) Also, four times Edom help do violence against Judah in 200 years.
5) Time was coming when Edom would be cut off forever.
B. Because of indifference to Judah’s condition.
1) They watched with no feeling of brotherly concern.
2) Arrogantly gloated and spoke against Judah in her captivity & destruction.
C. Because you took of her spoils.
1) Like vultures to the spoil and loot.
2) Did very little in hard fighting, but took advantage at the end.
D. Because you cut off the escape of the remnant.
III. GOD’S JUDGMENT UPON NATIONS IS SURE. (1:15-16)

A. As they have conquered, so shall they be conquered.
B. As they have celebrated over their conquest…so will be be over them too.
C. No longer remains nations: Assyria, Babylon, Edom.
IV. JUDAH’S RESTORATION TO COME. (1:17-21)

A. Shall possess their possessions again.
B. Judah shall remain, Edom will be destroyed.
C. Others will possess Edom.
D. Judah’s repossession of her lands.
CONCLUSION
1. Edom’s final destruction came.
a) Jerusalem fell finally in 586 to Babylonians.
b) Edom fell in 582…left desolate-- Nabathaeans took over Edom.
c) In 126 B.C.:
1—The few left in area were subdued by John Hyrcanus.
2—He compelled them to be circumcised.
3—They were absorbed into the Jewish state.
2. Lessons:
a) God brings about rise and fall of nations.
b) Pride will bring its fall…trust in self, wisdom, power, possessions, but not in
God…will bring your fall.
c) Not to be indifferent of wrong done to neighbor.
d) Not to rejoice at another’s calamity.
Lesson Eleven
THE PROPHESIES OF HAGGAI

INTRODUCTION
1. Time of this Prophet….520-519 BC.
2. Background:
a) 586---Jerusalem fell and destroyed.
Most of people either killed or carried away captive.
Small remnant fled to Egypt.
God decreed captivity would last 70 years. Isa. 44:21-45:4; Jere. 25:8-11
Ezekiel, Daniel, and Jeremiah prophesied during this time.
Offered hope to the captives.
b) 539---Cyrus & Darius overthrow the city of Babylon.
c) 538---Decree went out from Cyrus for Jews to return. Ezra. 1:1-4
d) 536---First group return….about 50,000.
Big Job---Houses, lands, cities, temple.
Zerubbabel & Joshua leading them.
In 7th month….repaired altar, offered sacrifices.
In 2nd month of 2nd year….foundation of temple laid…..Great rejoicing.
….Great tears when compared with former temple.
Neighbors offered to help.
Jews refused…angered them…hindered them. Ezra. 4:1-6
They successfully discouraged the people.
Even got Artaxerxes (Smerdis) to order halt of building.Ezra 4:7-24
Nothing done until 2nd year of Darius.
e) 520---Two prophets sent (Haggai, Zechariah).
Encouraged people to finish temple.
Tatnai, Governor heard and went down to see about it.
Jews encouraged him to seek in house of records where Cyrus had
commanded this to be done.
Darius had it checked, found the decree.
Sent a decree of his own to strengthen their efforts.
Let no one hinder…punishable by death.
Financial help given again.
3. The prophet:
a) Very little known about him:
1—Devoted to God and to His people.
2—A person that God could use to inspire his people to get busy again.
3—Within 4 weeks…people started building again.
4—Did not fear men, kings, or governors.
b) He began prophesying in hard times…food scarce…troubles.
c) He received 4 messages at different times.
DISCUSSION
I. IT IS TIME TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE. (1:1-15)
A. Given to him in 2nd year, 6th month, lst day of month.
1) When people say…”It is not time to build”. (1-2)
2) God’s prophet says…”It is time.” (3-11)
3) The people began to build. (12)
4) God’s blessings upon them. (13-15)
II. ENCOURAGEMENT & ASSURANCE GIVEN TO DO THE WORK. (2:1-9)

A. 2nd Message given: 7th month, 21st day.
1) Speak to the people. (v. 2)
2) Who is old enough to compare? (v. 3)
3) Cheer up, be strong, greater glory to come (Messianic)? Vs. 13-15)
III. REASONS FOR CALAMITIES UP TO NOW, BUT PROMISE OF BLESSINGS TO

COME IMMEDIATELY. (2:10-19)
A. 3rd Message: 9th month, 24th day.
1) Illustrations of uncleanness. (11-13)
2) God’s promise of blessings. (14-19)
IV. BLESSINGS TO ZERUBBABEL. (2:20-23)

A. 4th Message: 9th month, 24th day.
1) Encouragement to Zerubbabel.
Lesson Twelve
THE PROPHESIES OF ZECHARIAH

INTRODUCTION
1. Both Haggai & Zechariah began their work about 520-519 BC.
a) Haggai prophesied for about 3 months, 24 days.
b) Zechariah prophesied for about 3 years.
c) Haggai began his work, and then Zechariah joined in with him.
2. Zechariah is the longest and most obscure of the Minor Prophets.
a) Possibly the most difficult to understand.
b) Must be approached with humility, realizing our limitations.
c) It is strongly Messianic.
d) The Messiah is presented as: The branch or sprout of David, The Servant of Jehovah,
Shepherd, King & Priest.
3. The book is divided into 4 sections.
a) 3 separate times are given.
b) Chs. 9-14 seems to be a separate time, but no date given.
DISCUSSION
I. THE PROPHET’S CALL TO REPENTANCE. (1:1-6)
A. 1st vision: 520 BC, 8th month.
1) Haggai has already begun speaking to people himself about 2 months earlier.
2) The people had already begun to rebuild temple.
3) Zechariah reminded them not to be like their fathers who rejected God’s
prophets and what happened. (v. 4)
II. VISIONS TO EMPHASIZE THE REBUILDING OF JERUSALEM AND THE

TEMPLE. (1:7-6:15)
A. Introductory. (1:7-17)
1) Rider & horsemen among myrtle trees.
2) God’s displeasure with heathen.
3) His plan to exalt Jerusalem again.
B. God’s judgment upon nations that scattered Judah. (1:18-21)
1) 4 horns & 4 carpenters (Smiths).
2) Horns…powers who scattered Jews.
3) Carpenters (Smiths)….those who cast out horns…powers.
C. Israel’s great growth. (2:1-13)
1) Man with measuring line.
2) Jerusalem will be greatly inhabited again.
3) God will protect her.
4) Calls for his people to return to Jerusalem.
5) Lord will dwell in midst of Zion again.
D. Cleansing of the priesthood. (3:1-10)

1) Trial & acquittal of high priest, Joshua.
2) Satan rebuked.
3) Joshua, in filthy clothes, is cleansed and given clean clothes.
4) Now people can approach unto God thru High priest.
5) Messiah….as our High Priest…will cleanse all in one day.
E. Zerubbabel’s rebuilding of the Temple. (4:1-14)
1) Golden Lampstand & 2 olive trees.
2) Assurance to Zerubbabel of God’s power with him.
3) He started temple…he will finish it.
4) 7 lamps…eyes of God to and fro in earth.
5) 2 olive trees…2 anointed of God who stand by the Lord of the whole earth.
(King & priest of people).
F. Divine Judgments & removal of sin. (5:1-11)
1) Flying roll (10-20 cubits). (1-4)
2) Woman in ephod. (5-11)
3) Curse that goes forth over earth against those who steal and curse.
4) Woman represented wickedness.
5) Being carried away from Jerusalem…wickedness removed from land.
G. God’s messengers that do his bidding. (6:1-8)
1) 4 chariots between 2 mountains.
2) 4 spirits of Lord that go forth from his presence.
3) They go to North and South.
4) They quiet God’s spirit concerning the north country.
H. Restoration under the Messiah. (6:9-15)
1) Symbolic crowning of the high priest.
2) Make crowns of silver & gold and place on Joshua (both king and priest).
3) He is symbolic of the Messiah (the Branch) to come…crowned king and
Priest).
III. INQUIRY ABOUT FASTING. (7:1-8:23)

A. 3rd Vision: 518, 9th month, 4th day.
1) God rebuked them that their fasting was self-centered, and not to honor Him.
2) It is not fasting that God wants.
3) He wants true judgment, mercy, compassion.
4) God’s jealousy and desire to return to Jerusalem:
a) City to be called a “city of truth”.
b) To be happy and joyous again.
c) God will bring his people back to bless them.
5) Fasting to be changed into rejoicing.
IV. RESTORTION OF ISRAEL AND THE MESSIAH. (9:1-14:21)

A. World powers and the Kingdom of God.
1) Most of this has reference to church, Messianic age…kingdom of God.
2) The terminology is in physical terms, but its explanation has to be figurative
or spiritual in application.
3) Several quotations from Zechariah are to be found in the N.T. with reference
to the Messianic age.
a) 9:9-10
b) 11:12-13
c) 12:10
d) 13:7; 14:8-9; 16:12-13
4) Possibly some of this depicts God’s final overthrow of the Jews as a special
people.
5) The New People of God will be made up of all nations.
Lesson Thirteen
THE PROPHESIES OF MALACHI

INTRODUCTION
1. Malachi is believed to have been the last book of prophesy of O.T.
a) God did not speak through prophets again until the time of Jesus that we know of.
b) Approximate date of writing: 445-432 BC.
2. Historical background to book:
a) Important dates:
1—536---1st return of Jews from Babylon under Zerubbabel
and Joshua.
2—520---Two prophets sent to encourage them to finish the
Temple (Haggai, Zechariah).
3—516---Temple completed sufficiently to be used.
4—485-480---Queen Esther save Jews from annihilation.
5—457---2nd return of Jews from Babylon with Ezra leading.
6—444---Nehemiah comes to help rebuild walls around city.
b) Conditions discussed in Malachi seem to be same as during time of Ezra and
Nehemiah.
3. Religious conditions:
a) Temple rebuilt, worship started…..things looked good at first.
b) People & Priests became discouraged over a period of time.
c) Reforms attempted among people by Ezra & Nehemiah.
d) Malachi sent to help encourage these reforms.
e) A revival was needed among them.
DISCUSSION
I. LOVE OF GOD FOR ISRAEL IS EXONERATED. (1:1-5)
A. Their comparison to Edom.
1) God reminds them that He chose Jacob over Esau.
2) The reason is apparent in looking back why He did so.
3) Edom had been carried away….not return.
B. Judah has returned!
1) Proof of God’s love.
2) Promise. 1:5
II. ISRAEL HAS DESPISED GOD’S NAME. (1:6-14)

A. He illustrates the people’s ingratitude to God.
1) They were not acting like righteous sons to a Father.
2) Nor a righteous servant to his master.
B. Priests were a primary problem in misleading people, or allowing conditions to

deteriorate.
1) Despised God’s name by offering polluted bread on His Altar.
2) By offering sick, blind, lame, torn sacrifices.
3) They were saying by such… “Table of Lord is contemptible.”

4) God refused to accept what even their governor would not.
5) V. 8
C. Contrasts of offerings by Gentiles vs. Jews.
1) Gentiles will offer a pure offering.
2) V. 11
3) Jews looked upon worship as a weariness, meaningless, worthless service.
a) Made a mockery and a scandal of their responsibility.
b) It was burden to people and priests.
c) Instead of joy to serve God for all he had done, found it a boresome
chore.
d) Would vow a vow, offer blemished animals.
e) God reminds them who He is. (1:14)
III. THE CORRUPTION OF THE PRIEST.(2:1-10)

A. Because priest derelict in duty, they are cursed of God.
1) They had insulted name of Jehovah and brought it into disrepute.
2) They must now give glory to it or suffer consequence.
3) They will be treated as dung…not fit to serve God in His temple, if they do
not.
4) They will lose respect of people, rather than esteem & honor.
5) God’s peace will not be upon them…they have broken His Law.
IV. PROBLEM OF INTER-MARRIAGE & DIVORCE. (2:11-16)

A. Wrong spiritual marriages.
1) Judah has committed abomination.
2) She has profaned the holiness of God.
3) Has married the daughter of a strange god.
4) God’s rejection of them and their offerings.
B. Wrong physical marriages.
1) Have put away wife of youth.
2) Broken covenant. (2:14)
V. PROBLEM OF SKEPTICISM. (2:17-3:6)

A. He rebukes them for such.
1) They expected God to bless them in their disobedience.
2) They believed that God was blessing their enemies & cursing them.
B. God’s messenger would come in Judgment upon the wicked.
1) Messianic concept as well. (3:1)
2) When God comes in judgment, who can abide it?
3) 3:4 (Hope).
4) 3:5 (Who He will judge)
5) 3:6 (God hates all evil and will punish).
VI. BECAUSE OF SIN, HE CALLS FOR REPENTANCE. (3:7-4:3)

A. God accuses them of robbing Him.
1) They had turned away from Him, His ordinances.

2) 3:7
3) You have robbed me--whole nation by tithes & offerings not being brought in.
a) Giving to God is an acknowledgment of His Ownership & man’s
stewardship.
b) Saying, God is supreme, I owe allegiance.
c) Blessings had been withheld, because they rejected God’s law.
d) Calls upon them to bring ALL of the tithe, not part of it.
e) Blessings of God would be poured out.
f) V. 12
B. Contrast between faithful few and impious.
1) Impious:
a) Spoke stout words against God.
b) Vain to serve God.
c) No profit to keep ordinances.
d) No point to go mournfully before Lord.
e) For proud are happy ones, wicked are uplifted, they that tempt God are
delivered.
f) HAD WRONGFULLY JUDGED GOD & HIS ACTIONS.
2) Faithful:
a) Feared the Lord
b) Spake often to one another.
c) God heard and hearkened.
d) Put in book of remembrance for them.
e) They shall be God’s Jewels in day of deliverance.
f) Then will be obvious who righteous are.
3) Wicked to be punished.
a) Will burn as an oven.
b) No root or branch left.
4) Those who fear Jehovah:
a) Will be with the “Sun of Righteousness”.
b) Grow up as special ones of His.
c) Tread down the wicked.
VII. MESSIANIC PROMISE---ELIJAH TO COME. (4:4-6)

A. The prophet Elijah is to come:
1) He is to come before the great and dreadful day of the Lord.
2) Come in the “Spirit of Elijah”….not Him personally.
3) To turn people back to God and His law.
4) Restore right relationship between parents & children.
5) They were to hear this messenger or would destroy them.
a) John the Baptist was Elijah. Matt. 11:12-14
b) Destroyed nation in AD 70.
CONCLUSION
1. Service to God must come from the heart, willing, according to His Law.
2. Not to do so is to despise name of God & His Law.
3. Our doubting of God is destructive & leads only to eternal death.
a) Give God time, His way will be obvious.
b) Faith in Him will be exonerated.

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Life-

Lessons Century Prophets Pages

2 Ninth Joel 5-7

3 Eighth Jonah 8-11

4 Eighth Amos 12-17

5 Eighth Hosea 18-20

6 Eighth Micah 21-23

7 Seventh Nahum 24-25

8 Seventh Habakkuk 26-28

9 Seventh Zephaniah 29-31

10 Sixth Obadiah 32-33

11 Sixth Haggai 34-35

12 Sixth Zechariah 36-38

13 Fifth Malachi 39-42

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE

II. THE PROPHET & HIS MESSAGE:

B. The Mission of these men:

DATES & SCRIPTURE BACKGROUND

1. Joel (830 B.C.)------------------------------------------II Kings 10-13

2. Jonah (780 B.C.)-------------------------------------------II Kings 14

3. Amos (770 B.C.)-------------------------------------------II Kings 15

4. Hosea (760-725 B.C.)-------------------------------------II Kings 16

5. Micah (740 B.C.)------------------------------------------II Kings 16

6. Nahum (640 B.C.)-------------------------------------II Kings 21-22

7. Habakkuk (625-600 B.C.)----------------------------II Kings 23-25

8. Zephaniah (630 B.C.)---------------------------------II Kings 23-25

9. Obadiah (580 B.C.)----------------------------------------II Kings 25

10. Haggai (519 B.C.)---------------------------------------------Ezra 1-5

11. Zechariah (519 B.C.)-----------------------------------------Ezra 1-5

12. Malachi (440-400 B.C.)----------------Ezra 6-10; Nehemiah 1-13

CHRONOLOGY OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY BOOKS

Genesis Exodus I & II I Kings----------II Kings Ezra Neh

BOOKS OF MINOR PROPHETS

Shalmaneser III ***………………859-823 He defeated 12 kings at Qarqar

Adadnirari III ***………………..810-781 Took Syria (took pressure of of

Tiglathpileser III ***……………745-726 Meneham paid tribute to keep

Sargon II ***……………………..721-705 Overthrew Samaria

Sennacherib ***…………………. 705-681 Took many cities of Judah

Ashurbanipal…………………….. 669-630 Conquered Thebes—Empire

Sinshariskun………………………620-612 Overthrown again by Medes &

***Mentioned in Scripture by name

Nabopolassar………………626-606-------Fall of Nineveh (612)

Nebuchadressar……………606-562-------Judah made tributary (606)

• Daniel lived during reign of all of the above kings.

KINGS OF THE MEDO-PERSIANS

Darius, The Mede……………538-536------------Beginning of Medo-

Darius I (Hystaspis)…………521-486-------------Temple restarted (520)

Artaxerxes I (Longimanus)…465-423-------------Ezra returns with a

Artaxerxes III (Ochos)……..359-338

Darius III (Codomannus)…..336-331--------------Greeks conquered the

GOD’S WARNING OF DESTRUCTION! (1:1-2:11)

A. A terrible destruction is threatened. (1:2-3)

B. The extent of the destruction. (1:4-12, 16-20

GOD CALLS FOR REPENTANCE (1:13-2:27)

A. In spite of destruction to come, it is not too late to repent. (1:13-14; 2:12-14)

FUTURE PROMISES ABOUT HIS PEOPLE (2:28-3:17)

A. The outpouring of His Spirit upon all flesh. (2:28-32)

GREAT BLESSINGS TO COME IN THAT DAY. (3:18-21)

C. Jonah’s Rebellion & refusal to go.