MODULE 2 - WEEK 3 PAGE 1 OF ????

BIOLOGY OF CELLS
Cells-basic units the
of structure and
function of living things
smallest unitthatcan the process of life
-

carry out

RobertHooke -

160OS
-

British scientist

-one of the scientists

earliest to
study "life"under a microscope
units cells resembledcells
-named the because they in a

monastery

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek -

made his own micros

-his microscope is as
stronge
lenses
as the modern
lightmicoscope
-

1stto observe human cells and bacteria

Theodor Schwann German scientists

-

Matthias Jakob Schleiden -

proposed
thatcells is the basic building blocks of
all
living things

Rudolf Virchow 1850

-

German doctor
-

saw cells divide andform new cells

-proposedthatliving cells arise

only from other
living
cells

Cell
Theory from the ideas of Schwann, Schleiden, andVirchow
-

· ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE

OF ONE OR MORE
C ELLS

· ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS OF ORGANISNS OCCUR CELLS

WITHIN

· ALL CELLS COMES FROM PREEXISTING CELLS

Electron Microscope invented In 1950s

-

-uses beams of electrons insteadof light

Structures shared Plasma Membrane · DNA

by all cells Ribosome

cytoplasm
· ·
MODULE 2 - WEEK 3 PAGE 2 OF ????

BIOLOGY OF CELLS
COMMON PARTS EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Plasma Membrane has organelle
bound
·
membrane
-

-outer
covering -"eukaryotic"means "true nucleus"
-separates the internal and
"organelle"means organs little

external environments ↳ have specializedcellular

Cytoplasm functions
·

-jelly-like region where other

cellular components are found

·
DNA CELL SIZE
-

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
·

Eukaryotic Cells

-genetic material of the cell ↳

10-100mm in diameter
Ribosomes
Procaryotic Cells
· ·

diameter
-particles that
synthesize ↳0.1-5.Oum in

protein its size allow the to absorb

organism
-

nutrients andrelease waste fast

and effectively
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
-simple, single-celledorganism note:cell size is limitedbecause

-lacks membrane much

nucleus andother volume increases faster
-

boundorganelles than cell surface area

-DNA can be foundcentral partof

the cell, in the nucleoidregion

attach to surfaces

extra protection

shape dehydration

locomotion

pili ->
reproduction [conjunction)
MODULE 2 - WEEK 3 PAGE 3 OF ????

BIOLOGY OF CELLS
PLASMA MEMBRANE CYTOSKELETON
-made of phospholipidbilayer with
⑤°⑤@
up -the network of protein fibers
actin filaments
imbedded
proteins separates the
that
-types:microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
internal and exteral parts. andmicrotubules

regulates the passage of substances:

-

thinnest

molecule
organic
·

thickest

·
ions

water
·

⑰_π⑦@④⑦@*I*
maintain internal condition
-

Flagella and Cilia

flagella (s:flagellum)
-

long, hair-like structure thatextends

from the
plasma membrane

used for locomotion

"usually just1o r a few

ex:Sperm, Erglena
Phospholipid
·

a lipidmolecule with 2
fatty acid cila (s:cilium (
-

chain ↳
short, hair-like structure
·

Glycerol backbone ↳usedfor locomotion of cells or

·
Phosphate group to move substances along the outer
·
Microvilli JS:microvillus ( surface of the cell

-specializedin absorption "ex:paramecium, lining of the

-appearance:foldedinto finger- fallopian tube

like projections

CYTOPLASM
-covers the larges amountof a cell

made of organelles suspendedin

-

like substance
up
gel

cytosol, cytoskeleton, andvarious chem.

semi-solid
consistency
-

-can find:glucose, simple sugar, amino, fatty,

nucleic acid
Plasma Membrane made of phospholipid
-

up
imbedded
bilayer
proteins separates
that

the internal and external

parts
-

regulates the passage of substances:

molecule
organic
·

·
ions

water
·

maintain internal condition

Phospholipid -

a lipidmolecule with 2
fatty acidchain

Glycerol backbone
·
Phosphate group

Microvilli Cs:microvillus (

-specializedin absorption
-appearance:foldedinto finger-
like projections

CYTOPLASM -covers the larges amount of a cell

-

made
up of
organelles suspendedin aggy, cytoskeleton, and

various chemicals

semi-solid
consistency
-

find:glucose, simple sugar, amino, fatty, nucleic acid

-

can

CYTOSKELETON -the network

actin
of
filaments
protein fibers
-types:microfilaments, intermediate filaments, andmicrotubules

thinnest

thickest
 Flagella (s:flagellum)

long, hair-like structure thatextends from the

plasma membrane

used for locomotion

usually just1o r a few

ex:Sperm, Erglend

cila (s:cilium (
↳
short, hair-like structure

↳usedfor locomotion of cells or to more substances along the outer

surface of the cell

"ex:paramecium, lining of the fallopian tube

Endomembrane System