Lecture-2. Introduction To JAVA Part-1

Object Oriented Programming
WHAT IS JAVA ?
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?
• Instruction to computer/device to perform task.
• Computer understands only 0 and 1. Nothing else.
• So, we need to send the instruction in the form of 0, 1
• Do you write program with just 0 and 1?
CLASSIFICATION/EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING
Machine level programming High level programming

Send instruction in binary format Code is close to English Language
Need Compiler to convert to binary
Assembly Programming 3 types –
Send code instead of binary code. Non structured
Need assembler to convert to binary Structured/Procedural
Object Oriented Programming
CLASSIFICATION/EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING
Non structured Object Oriented Programming

Generate spaghetti code Object-oriented programming (OOP)
Sequential and has GoTo is a programming language model
COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN organized around objects rather than
"actions" and data rather than logic.
Structured/Procedural
Use Subroutine/Function Historically, a program has been
Improving the clarity, quality, and viewed as a logical procedure that
development time takes input data, processes it, and
C, PASCAL produces output data.
Java, C++, C#
Introduction to JAVA
• A computer programming language that is used to build
software.
• Also an application, development, and deployment

environment.
• Help us visualize the program in real-life terms.
• Syntax of Java is similar to C and C++ based language.

History of JAVA:
Father of the Java

programming
language
History of JAVA:
• In 1990, Sun Microsystems began a research project named Green to develop
the C and C++ based language.
• James Gosling, a network software designer was assigned to this project.
• Gosling’s solution to the problems of C++ was a new language called Oak
after an oak tree.
• In May 1995, Sun Microsystems formally announced Java (Oak was re-
named Java) .
• Finally, in 1996, Java arrived in the market as a programming language.

According to Sun, 3 billion devices run java. There are many
devices where Java is currently used. Some of them are as follows:
 Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,

antivirus etc.
 Web Applications
 Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
 Mobile
 Embedded System
 Smart Card
 Robotics
 Games etc.
There are 4 platforms or editions of Java:
 1) Java SE (Java Standard Edition)

 2) Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)
 3) Java ME (Java Micro Edition)
 4) Java Fx ( It is used to develop rich internet applications. It uses
light-weight user interface API)
 The key considerations were summed up by the Java team
in the following list of buzzwords:
❖ Simple
❖ Secure
❖ Portable
❖ Object-oriented
❖ Robust
❖ Multithreaded
❖ Architecture-neutral
❖ Interpreted
❖ High performance
❖ Distributed
❖ Dynamic
 Java is platform independent because it is different from other
languages like C, C++ etc. which are compiled into platform
specific machines while Java is a write once, run anywhere
language.
 A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a

program runs.
 There are two types of platforms software-based and

hardware-based. Java provides software-based platform.
 Java code can be run on multiple platforms e.g. Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris,
Mac/OS etc. Java code is compiled by the compiler and converted into
Bytecode. This Bytecode is a platform-independent code because it can be run
on multiple platforms i.e. Write Once and Run Anywhere(WORA).
 Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by

the Java run-time system, which is called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
 This code can be executed on any system that implements the Java Virtual
Machine
 The execution of Bytecode by the JVM is the easiest way to create truly
portable programs.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
• A Java virtual machine is a software that is capable of
executing Java byte code.
• Code for the JVM is stored in .class or .jar
• Each of file contains at most one public class.
• JVM enables the Java application to be platform independent.

JAVA – THE PLATFORM
Java has a large API (application programming interface) covering a wide range of
areas. The following list of Java APIs and applications from Sun show the range of
applications of Java .
For reference http://java.sun.com/products/index.html
Java Foundation Classes (JFC) – GUI
JDBC Database Access
Java Web Server
Embedded Java - Java on embedded devices
 Creating, Compiling, Debugging and Execution for these four steps JDK is not user friendly.
IDE is provided for that.
 A list of IDEs are:
Eclipse.
Netbeans
IntelliJ IDEA
Using JDK you can compile and run java program from command line.
# c:> javac HelloWorld. Java

Compiling here and it will produce HelloWorld.class i.e. bytecode.
# c:>java HelloWorld
It runs java byte code on native machine
public class HelloWorldExample
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}

Lecture-2. Introduction To JAVA Part-1

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Lecture-2. Introduction To JAVA Part-1

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Object Oriented Programming

Machine level programming High level programming

Non structured Object Oriented Programming

• Also an application, development, and deployment

• Help us visualize the program in real-life terms.

• Syntax of Java is similar to C and C++ based language.

Father of the Java

• James Gosling, a network software designer was assigned to this project.

• Finally, in 1996, Java arrived in the market as a programming language.

 Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,

 1) Java SE (Java Standard Edition)

 A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a

 There are two types of platforms software-based and

 Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by

• Code for the JVM is stored in .class or .jar

• Each of file contains at most one public class.

• JVM enables the Java application to be platform independent.

# c:> javac HelloWorld. Java

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