Pneumonia Detection Using X-Rays by Deep Learning

11 V May 2023
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52166
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
Pneumonia Detection Using X-Rays by Deep

Learning
Pranay Bharadwaj D1, Mrs. K. M Sai Kiruthika2
1
Computer science and Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and technology, Tamilnadu, India
2
M.E, Lecturer, Computer Science and Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract: Pneumonia is one of the serious diseases that is caused by a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs and has the
potential to result in severe consequences within a short period. Therefore, early diagnosis is a key factor in terms of the
successful treatment process. Thus, there is a need for an intelligent and automatic system that has the capability of diagnosing
chest X-rays and to simplify the pneumonia detection process for experts as well as for novices. This study aims to develop a
model that will help with the classification of chest x-ray medical images into normal(healthy) vs abnormal(sick).
Keyword: web application, Pneumonia Detection
I. INTRODUCTION
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is one of the most infectious causes of death worldwide, it affects
children and families everywhere and causes 50 thousand deaths each year. Recently, the Situation Report - 150 from WHO about
COVID-19 presented the number of infected active cases is up to 8, 2 million, the number of deaths is 445, 535. The patients can get
pneumonia as a complication of viral infections such as COVID-19 or the common flu. Besides, the bacteria, fungi, and other
microorganisms can also be the primary infectious agents of pneumonia, causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and
difficulty breathing. Pneumonia is the infection of one or both lungs and filled up with fluid and pus. Based on , up to 60% of the
cases are related to respiratory virus infections. The study in indicated the difference between viral and bacterial pneumonia in
children is based on the serum C reactive protein (CRP) but the sensitivity is not enough for use in clinical practice.
A. Working Principle
Detecting the traces of pneumonia through the X-ray Images using Deep Learning Techniques. X-ray Images are extracted using the
dicomutils.py with patient information from DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). End-to-End Machine
learning is done in the Jupyter Notebook with relevant Markdown in the notebook itself and the pipeline code is executed in Spyder
application
II. SYSTEM DESIGN

A. Usecase Diagram
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B. System Architecture
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

We have analyzed the various work done on medical image detection in the previous section. The experiments were performed
based on available datasets. It has been observed that the machine learning models effectively detects medical images when the
model is fed with a larger quantity of data. The use of ML algorithms has been proven effective in detection while compared to the
traditional procedures mentioned in the literature review.
ML models need a higher volume of data for effective training capable of achieving higher accuracy in detection
IV. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

A. Data Collection
The chest x-ray image dataset is available at . It was the Chest X-Ray images which include normal chest X-Ray and Pneumonia
chest X-Ray. Here, we have taken 5,856 sample images of the dataset to use later on for recognition and classification of
pneumonia.1,583 of which are normal X-Ray lung images, and 4,273 of which are X-Ray lung images with Pneumonia from
patients.
B. Data processing
The most important part of machine learning is data and data must be clean for models to process it.
When it comes to image data, there are some preparation methods. Various types of pre- processing tasks such as dimension
reduction, image resize, and image cropping is applied.
C. Image Convolution
Age classifications is CNN nowadays because it’s able to extract image features efficiently with the utilization of Image
convolution. A that an image’s features can be extracted by an image filter with image convolution. Different image filters can
extract different image features.
D. Image Pooling
Image Pooling is a popular approach in CNN for data dimension reduction. It is responsible for reducing processing time by down
sampling the data it receives from the preceding convolutional layers to decrease the feature map’s dimension_x0002_ality and
sharpen the identified features.
V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Running The Code
B. Browse The Local Host
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we offered a model for detecting and classifying pneumonia from chest X-ray images using machine learning methods
based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) .In particular, comparing all seven models based on test accuracy score, F-score
and ROC curve, it appears that CNN outperforms all other models by a small margin with test accuracy score 98.46%. Random
forest performs surprisingly well with test its long running and waiting time.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Roser, H. Ritchie, and B. Dadonaite, “Child & infant mortality,” Our World in Data, 2013.
[2] C. Turkington and B. Ashby, The encyclopedia of infectious diseases. Infobase Publishing, 2007.
[3] R. T. Sousa, O. Marques, F. A. A. Soares, I. I. Sene Jr, L. L. de Oliveira, and E. S. Spoto, “Comparative performance analysis of machine learning classifiers in
detection of childhood pneumonia using chest radiographs,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 18, pp. 2579–2582, 2013.
[4] step to healthy, “Symptoms of pneumonia and remedies,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://steptohealth.com/symptoms-of-pneumoniacomplementary-natural-
remedies/
[5] W. H. Organization et al., “Standardization of interpretation of chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children,” World Health Organization, Tech.
Rep., 2001

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11 V May 2023

Pneumonia Detection Using X-Rays by Deep

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

IV. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

B. Browse The Local Host

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