Grammar

Grammar
Royal House Language Schools
The Present Simple Tense
Form :
He + (s)
She v or (es)
It or (ies)
* In case of a singular subject, we add (s) to the verb.
e.g.: It rains She visits Ahmad sells Sally buys
* If the verb ends in (ss , ch , sh , x , o) , we add (es).
e.g.: He passes She catches Ahmed brushes Sally goes
* If the verb ends in (vowel + y), we add (s).
e.g.: play He plays say She says stay She stays
* If the verb ends in (consonant + y), we replace the (y) with (ies).
e.g.: cry  cries carry carries hurry hurries
* In case of a plural subject, we don't add (s) or (es) to the verb.
e.g.: Cats run. They play football. Girls hate football.
2
Negative Form: don't/doesn't + inf.

e.g.: 1- They don't stay up late.
2- The cat doesn't like swimming.
Question Form:
1) Wh- Question: Ques. word + do \ does (auxiliary v.) + sub. +

inf. …………?
e.g.: 1-What do you have for breakfast?
2-When does the train arrive?
2) Yes / No Question: Do/ Does + subject + inf ……………?
e.g.: Do you go to school by bus?

Does your father work in a factory?
Usage:
1.Daily routines and habits.

e.g.: Khaled brushes his teeth twice a day.
2.General truths and laws of nature.
e.g.: The sun sets in the west.
Hens lay eggs.
3.Time tables / programmes (fixed arrangement).
e.g.:The next train to Alex. leaves in half an hour.
Time expressions with the present simple tense:
every – in the morning – three times a day – once a week – on

Mondays – at the weekend – in June - never - sometimes - often
- usually – always – once – twice a (day / month ……… etc.)
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Exercise Exercises
A) Do as shown between brackets:
1. The Earth ………………………… (go) round the sun. (Correct the verb)
2. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. In Britain, most of the shops …………………………… (close) at 5:30 p.m.

(Correct the verb)
4. I ………………………… (work) in a bank. Barry …………………………… (work) in a

shop. (Correct the verbs)
5. Hana sleeps at 9:00 every day. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mom fries potatoes for dinner. (Change into negative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Tom usually ………………………………………… (play) tennis twice a week.

(Correct the verb)
8. Where …………………… your grandparents …………………… (live)?

(Correct the verb)
9. I ………………………………………… (not / smoke). (Correct the verb)
10.She watches T.V at night. (Change into negative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11. Harry ………………………………………… (not / go) to the cinema every day.
(Correct the verb)
B) Read the following paragraph and find out the mistakes and
correct them:
My mom work at a bakery. She always get up very early. She
start work at four o’clock every morning. Tom is my mom’s best
friend. He live in madried. He work there as a typist. He wants to
change his career. He’ll come to help mom in the bakery
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C) Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verbs in the list:
(wake up – sing – go – buy – go – meet – drink – have – to be –

play – work)
Chris lee ……………………… a musician. Every morning, he always
……………………… quite late. He ……………………… his friends at the recording
studio where they ……………………… at 11 o’clock. He usually ………………………
there by scooter when it’s sunny and cool but he takes the bus when
it’s cold and windy. He doesn’t usually ……………………… breakfast. He

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sometimes ……………………… a cup of coffee at a café near the studio. At
the studio, he ……………………… and ……………………… the guitar with his
friends until 2 o’clock. On their free time, they ……………………… shopping.
They ……………………… food, clothes or some musical instruments.
D) Analyze the following sentences:
1- My father always works hard.
2-Nurses work in clinics and hospitals.
3-She always forgets her purse.
4-My daughter does the laundry every Friday.
Verbs Nouns Prepositions Keywords
1- ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
2-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
3-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
4-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
5-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
E) Write (Yes) or (No), then correct the mistakes:
6
1- Bob never tell lies to his friends. ( )

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- When you get up? ( )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- What does he likes? ( )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Yes, he fries potatoes. ( )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- She worrys too much about the exam. ( )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- When does you visit your friends. ( )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
F) Complete the dialogue:
A: ………………………………………………………………………………?
B: I’m from England.
A: …………………… you ……………………?
B: Yes, I do. I walk to school every day.
A: ………………………………………………………………………………?
B: I do gymnastics at school.
A: ………………………………………………………………………………?
B: I always play tennis.
A: ………………………………………………………………………………?
B: I swim at the weekend.
The Present Continuous Tense

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Form:
verb to be + verb + ing.
* If the verb ends in "e", drop it then add (ing).
e.g.: write writing
come coming
* If the verb ends in a vowel followed by a consonant, we double
the last letter then add (ing).
e.g.: hit hitting

stop stopping
* If the verb ends with “ie”, drop them and put “y” then add (ing).
e.g.: die dying
lie lying
Negative Form: am not / isn't / aren't + v. + ing

e.g.: 1- I am not going out tonight.
2-The dog isn't running fast.
3-The students aren't writing the lesson.
Question Form: Ques. word + v. to be + sub. + v. + ing?
e.g.: 1- Where are the boys hiding?
2-When is Rania coming?

3-Who are you talking to?
Usage:
1. Actions taking place now.

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e.g.: Right now, Gamal is having coffee.
Time expressions with the present continuous tense:
now, at the/this moment, at present, nowadays, these days, Look!

, Listen! , Watch out!, Be careful!, Be quiet!, Hush!, Stop!, Hurry!.
This (week , month, ………etc), today.
Exercise xxExercises
A) Do as shown between brackets:
1. Please be quiet. I ………………………………………… (try) to concentrate.

(Correct the verb)
2. Look! It ………………………………………… (snow). (Correct the verb)
3. They are shouting at each other. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Let’s go out now. It …………………………… (not/rain) any more.
(Correct the verb)
5. My mother is cooking dinner now. (Form a question)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They are preparing the lesson. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I am having dinner right now. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. At this moment, she ……………………………… (mend) her car.
(Correct the verb)
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9. Be careful! You …………………………… (run) without looking under your

feet. (Correct the verb)
10. Ahmed is writing a composition. (Form a question)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. She is combing her hair. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. The boys …………………………… (put) up a tent at present.
(Correct the verb)
13. Look! The sun ……………………………… (shine). (Correct the verb)
14. Excuse me, you ……………………………… (use) my pen now.
(Correct the verb)
15. My girls ………………………………… (play) in the garden now.
(Correct the verb)
B) Fill in the gaps in the following dialogue using the correct form
of the verbs in the list:
(How long – study – live – v. to be – for – fly – visit)

Jessica: Welcome Ali to the university.
Ali: Thanks Jessica.
Jessica: Where …………………………… you from?
Ali: I am from Egypt.
Jessica: What …………………………… you …………………………… here?
Ali: I’m studying business.
Jessica: Have you …………………………… to New York before?
Ali: Yes, I have. I’ve lived in New York before.
Jessica: …………………………… have you been. …………………………… in
New York?
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Ali: …………………………… two years.

Jessica: Ok. We …………………………… a party for new comers this evening.
Please come!
Ali: Sure.
C) Choose the correct verb and put it in the right form:
(eat – go – drink – sleep – watch – listen – dance – fly - wash –

help – swim – rain – study)
1- You can’t talk to Tom now. He …………………………… in his bedroom.
2- Look at the weather! It …………………………… . Take your umbrella with
you.
3- The children …………………………… a cartoon on TV now.
4- She …………………………… to music and …………………………… in her room at
the moment.
5- Oh Mary! Where ……………………………? To school or to the library?
6- Jack and Peter …………………………… burgers and …………………………… pepsi
in the school cafeteria now.
7- My mother …………………………… the dishes and my sister
…………………………… her in the kitchen at the moment.
8- I’m …………………………… in the lake now. The water is warm and nice.
9- I’m …………………………… for my university exam this year.
10- We …………………………… to Paris on Tuesday evening.
D) Analyze the following sentences:

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1- Ali is studying Japanese this year.
2- We have been playing the guitar for 3 years.
3- Mom cooks pasta with white sauce every Friday.
4- Be quiet! The headmistress is coming now.
5- I haven’t done my homework yet.
subjects Nouns objects Keywords
………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
E) Choose the correct answer :
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1- Maria (is cooking – cooks – cooked) dinner now.
2- Lily (read – reads – is reading) a book at the moment.
3- Look! John and Suzan (are working – worked – work).
4- These days my father (drives – drive – is driving) a new car.
5- Peter and Judy (writes – are writing – wrote) on the whiteboard
now.
6- The teacher (writes – wrote – is writing) in his notebook at the
moment.
7- Watch out! The bus (comes – come – is coming).
8- Anna (is washing – washed – washes) the dishes now.
9- The cats (is not jumping – are not jumping – jumping) over the
fence now.
10- Listen! The girls (are singing – singing – is singing) a new song.
The Past Simple Tense

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(1) We add (ed) to most of verbs:

Form e.g.: - wish  wished
- cook  cooked
(2) If the verb ends with (e), we add (d) only:

e.g.: - live  lived
- believe  believed
- like  liked
(3) If the verb ends in (a consonant + y), we cross the

(y) and add (ied):
e.g.: - study  studied - cry  cried
- try  tried - carry  carried
Notes * If the verb ends in (a vowel + y), we add (ed)

e.g.: - play  played
- stay  stayed
* If the verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single
consonant, we double the consonant and add (ed).
e.g.: - fit  fitted
- stop  stopped
- hop  hopped
Irregular verbs:
e.g.: - go  went - take  took
- write  wrote - run  ran
Usage
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We use it to describe:
1- actions that started and finished in the past

e.g.: I met my friends yesterday.
2- stories that happened in the past

e.g.: Cinderella was a beautiful girl.
3- actions that were repeated or were habits in the past,

(actions which we usually did in the past but don’t do now)
e.g.: They went swimming when they were young.
4- actions which happened one after the other in the past

(successive)
e.g.: I got dressed, had breakfast and went to school.
5- When we talk about someone who is no longer alive

e.g.: Alexander the Great conquered the world.
We use didn’t + infinitive:

e.g.: You worked hard last Saturday.
Negative Form 15
Negative: You didn’t work hard last Saturday.
e.g.: I went to the zoo yesterday.
We use question word + auxiliary verb (did) + subject

Question Form + infinitive?
e.g.: I travelled to London last year.
Question: Where did you travel last year?
Time expressions with the past simple tense
yesterday – ago – in the past – last –

once upon a time – when I was young
ExercisesxxExercise
s
A) Correct the verbs between brackets:

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1- My elder brother ………………………………………… (protect) me from a
dangerous dog last week.
2- When I was young, cartoon movies ………………………………………… (inspire)
me to draw pictures.
3- They (identify) ………………………… every word in the booklet in the
past.
4- The boy ………………………………………… (damage) the TV. yesterday.
5- Tom’s father ………………………………………… (teach) him how to drive when
he was seventeen.
6- Don ………………………………………… (fall) down the stairs this morning and
………………………………………… (break) his leg.
7- I was hungry, so I ………………………………………… (buy) something to eat.
8- Jim ………………………………………… (throw) the ball to Sue who
………………………………………… (catch) it.
9-………………………………… you ………………………………… (go) out last night, Ann?
10- When ……………………………… Mr Edward …………………………………… (die)?
B) Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verbs in the list :
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(put – buy – be – say – turn – look at – find – get into – go – search
– be – forget – look for)
Last Monday, I (1) ……………………… a lottery ticket at a shopping mall.
I (2) ……………………… it in my pocket, and (3) ……………………… home. I went
to bed and (4) ……………………… about the ticket.
Next Tuesday morning, I (5) ……………………… my car and drove to work.
On the way to work a man on the radio (6) ……………………… my lottery
ticket number. I (7) ……………………… for my ticket in my pocket.
Oh no! The ticket wasn’t in my pocket!
I (8) ……………………… back home and (9) ……………………… the ticket.
I (10) ……………………… the it. It (11) ……………………… on the table.
Finally, I (12) ……………………… the ticket. Oh no! It (13) ……………………… the
wrong number!
C) Choose the correct answer:
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1- The boy (go – went – goes) to Alex last year.
2- When I was young, I (travels – travel – travelled) to U.S.A. with
my family.
3- What (do – does – did) you (studied – study – studying) last year?
4- The kids (didn’t – don’t – doesn’t) visit the funfair yesterday.
5- They didn’t (ate – eat – eating) the candy an hour ago.
D) Complete the following dialogue:
Aya: What ……………………… you ……………………… yesterday?
Hadeer: Nothing much. I just ……………………… at home and ………………………
the house.
Aya: How boring!
Hadeer: Yeah, it ……………………… . And you? What did you do?
Aya: I ……………………… to the mountains and ……………………… hiking.
Hadeer: That sounds fun!
Aya: It was. I ……………………… a great time.
E) Analyze the following sentences:
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1- They wrote three letters yesterday.
2- The children played football an hour ago.
3- Last year, I traveled to Japan.
4- He didn’t wash his car yesterday.
5- Tara didn’t call me.
Verbs Subject Objects Keywords
………………… ………………… ………………… ……………………
… … …
………………… ………………… ………………… ……………………
… … …
………………… ………………… ………………… ……………………
… … …
………………… ………………… ………………… ……………………
… … …
………………… ………………… ………………… ……………………
… … …
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F) Put () for the right sentence and () for the wrong ones:
1)
a- Did you had dinner last night? ( )
b- The rain stopped an hour ago. ( )
c- He buyed a new house last month. ( )
2)
a- George came home very late last night. ( )
b- I don’t go to Spain last year. ( )
c- We drank Pepsi every day ( )
3)
a- Tom didn’t felt sad yesterday. ( )
b- I have heard a terrible explosion last night. ( )
c- Did he live in this house last year? ( )
4)
a- I met my wife in 1983. ( )
b- Mummy is cooking a delicious meal yesterday. ( )
c- The weather didn’t be sunny yesterday. ( )

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Miscellaneous
A)Do as shown between brackets:
1. I went to work yesterday because I was very well.

(Change into negative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I played basketball at the weekend. (Ask a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why don’t you call me last night? (Correct the mistake)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I stay in this hotel every year. (Use: last)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The teacher found the lost money. (Ask a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The children went to the national park yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The hunters hunt a lot of tigers in 1895. (Correct the mistake)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Marwan fell asleep in the living room. (Ask a question)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The students ………………………………… (write) on the board every day.
(Correct the verb)
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10. My brother ………………………………… (be) naughty. He needs some advice.

(Correct the verb)
11. Sawsan and her sister have three toys. (Ask a question)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Mona and her brother ………………………………… (not / like) burger, but
they always eat pasta. (Correct the verbs)
13. The teacher ………………………………… (not /usually / give) us much
homework. (Correct the verb)
14. The audience didn’t be happy last night. (Find the mistake)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He was sad because he lost his mobile. (Ask a question)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. We have been playing the guitar for three years.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. My mom does the washing up every day. (Change into negative)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. My exam results hasn’t appear yet. (Find the mistake)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Sandra is travelling to Luxor next week. (Ask a question)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Maher had a red car. (Change into negative)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. They have already moved to California. (Ask a question)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. We …………………… (play) the match since two O’clock.
(Correct the verb)
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B) Correct the verbs between brackets:
1. A: Where is Sally?
B: She ……………………………… (speak) to Paul right now.
2. What time ……………………………… ……………………………… (you / go) to school?
3. Steve is in the bathroom. He ……………………………… (have) a shower

right now.
4. Grandpa always ……………………………… (plant) parsley in his garden.
5. You can turn off the television. I ………………………………………………………

(not / watch) it now.
6. She ……………………………… (like) listening to music. She (have)

……………………………… a lot of CDs.
7. I have a bike but I ……………………………… (not / usually / ride) it to

work.
8. ……………………………… you ……………………………… (stay) with us this week?
9. Please, be quiet. The baby ……………………………… (sleep).
10.Drive carefully. It ……………………………… (rain) now.
11. We ……………………………… (not/eat) anything yesterday because we

……………………………… (not/be) hungry.
12.………………………… you …………………………… (be) to a music festival before?

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13.We ……………………………… (try) to put the car’s wheel for an hour.
The Present Perfect Simple Tense
We use the present perfect simple to say what we have done in

our life up till now.
e.g.: I have played tennis before.
Form
have
+ past participle (p.p.) of the verb
has
e.g.: I have already ridden my bike.
He has just climbed up the hill.
Negative Form
haven’t
+ (p.p.)
hasn’t
e.g.: We haven’t seen a bear.
Tommy hasn’t flown his kite
To change a sentence into negative we change just/already to yet.

e.g.: 1. I have just finished my homework.
2. I haven’t finished my homework yet.
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Question word + have + subject + p.p.?

Question Form has
1. What have you played?
Wh questions 2. Why has she written the letter?
Yes / No questions 1. Have you finished your homework yet?

2. Has Ali done the shopping yet?
Key words just / already / yet / before / never / ever /

lately – recently – almost – so far – up till now
- already  It’s used with affirmative sentences. It’s placed
between the aux. verb and the p.p. of the main verb.
e.g.: 1. They have already sold twelve bottles.
2. Rahma has already gone back home.
- just  It’s used with affirmative sentences. It’s placed

between the aux. verb and the p.p. of the main verb.
e.g.: 1. The train has just left.
2. She has just got married.
- yet  It’s used with negative and questions. We cancel (already –
just) and put (yet) at the end of the sentence.
e.g.: 1. I haven’t finished my lessons yet.

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2. Have you heard the news yet?
- before  It’s used with questions and statements. It’s placed at

the end of the questions or the sentence.
e.g.: 1. We’ve watched this movie before.
2. Has he visited this museum before?
- ever  It’s used with questions and statements. It’s placed

between the aux. verb and the p.p.
e.g.: 1. Have you ever eaten Chinese food?
2. This is the best film I have ever seen.
- never  It’s used with negative meaning. It’s placed between the
aux. v. and the p.p.
e.g.: 1. I have never been to Hawaii.
2. We’ve never climbed a mountain.
Note:
Have been to Have gone to
e.g.: He has been to Japan. e.g.: They have gone to the
- This means that he has visited theatre.
Japan, he is not there now. He - This means that they have not
has come back. come back yet. They are still at
- I have been to Morocco. I the theatre.
visited it twice. - Where are Mary and Meg?
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They have gone to the club.
Exercises xxExercis
es
(A) Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- Mom ……………………………… (just / cook) many kinds of food.
2- Harry ……………………………… (already / read) a lot of books about
extinct animals.
3- My father ……………………………… (not / learn) German at school before.
4- I ……………………………… (not / play) football before.
5- ……………………………… you ……………………………… (arrive) at school yet?
6- ……………………………… Emmy ……………………………… (finish) her work yet?
7- Hana ……………………………… (not / eat) her lunch yet.
8- Hudson ……………………………… (already / be) to America.
9- Julia ……………………………… (never / take) her book.
10- I ……………………………… (not / sleep) yet.

(B) Change into negative:
1- My brother has just chosen the red shirt.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- I have already grown some plants.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3- Sherry has just written the letter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- The boys have just played football.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Rana has just eaten her sandwich.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(C) Form questions:
1- Yes, they have gone to school.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- No, Ramy hasn’t done his homework.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- I have studied English at school.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Dad has worked in many companies.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Andy has played tennis at Zamalek Club.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(D) Complete the dialogue:
Amr: Hi Rola!
Rola: Hi Amr!
Amr: Have you ever been to China?
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Rola: …………………………………………………… . ()

Amr: Have you …………………… the Chinese food?
Rola: Yes, ………………………………………… .
Amr: What …………………… you visited there?
Rola: ………………………………………… The Great Wall.
(E) Choose the correct answer:
1- Children, you need to line up! The bell (has rung just – rings – has
just rung).
2- Tom has (was – been – goes) to London twice.
3- They (never lived – lives – have never lived) in a big city.
4- Have you (never – always – ever) read a book?
5- Have you finished answering all the questions (ever – never – yet)?
6- My father has (been – gone – is) to work. He hasn’t come yet.
7- I have (been – gone – went) to New York twice this year. I am
going to travel again next year.
8- She has a car, so she (have drive – has driven – has drove) there
many times.
9- My family and I (have flown – has flown – flown) to many different
countries around the world.
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(F) Analyze the following sentences:
1- Peter has already finished his writing tasks.
2- Tom and Peter took prizes yesterday.
3- Yahia writes his homework every night.
Subject Verb Object Keyword

1- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
2- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
3- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
(G) Tick right for the correct sentences and correct the wrong
ones:
1- The lady has finished almost all her papers to travel abroad. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- We haven’t met our new teacher yet. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- The doctor has checked my blood pressure an hour ago. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- I don’t eat cinnamon buns before. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(H) Do as shown between brackets:
1- The teacher taught us this lesson yesterday.
(Rewrite using already)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Rola has already answered all the questions. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- I have read a lot of comic books. (Ask a questions)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Have you ever eaten a snake? (Give full answer)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- No, I have …………………………… visited the USA. (Complete)
6- He (has – is – was) gone to the supermarket. (Choose)
32
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We use this tense to say that we have started doing something in
the past and we are still doing it now.
Form have
+ been + v. +ing
has
e.g.: 1- I’ve been studying English for seven years.
2- We’ve been playing football since noon.
Negative Form haven’t

+ been + v. +ing
hasn’t
e.g.: 1- She hasn’t been cooking since last night.
2- I haven’t been learning in Sydney for two years.
Yes / No questions:
Question Form Have
+ subject + been + v. +ing
Has
e.g.: 1- Have you been watching TV. for two hours?
2- Has Mona33been sleeping since 9 o’clock?

Question word + have + subject + been + v. +ing

has
(Wh)Question Form
e.g.: 1- What have you been doing since 5 o’clock?
2- Where has Tom been playing football?
Key words for / since / How long
- since  It’s used with the time when the action started
(point of time).
 since June – since we met – since he was seven – since 2010
e.g.: 1. I haven’t seen Dan since Friday.
3. She has been playing the guitar since 2 o’clock.
- for  It’s used with a period of time (duration).
 for a few days – for half an hour - for two years
e.g.: 1. I have studied English for ten years.
3. I have been listening to the radio for an hour.
- How long ………? : It is used to ask about duration.
e.g.: 1. How long have you been playing tennis?
2. How long has Julie been painting this picture?
34
Exercises xxExercis
es
(A) Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- I …………………………………………………… (eat) a mango for ten minutes.
2- I ………………………………………… (wait) for you for more than an hour.
3- I …………………………………………………… (study) in this school since 2007.
4- Todd …………………………………………………… (play) tennis since last year.
5- The teacher …………………………………………………… (watch) your behavior
for half an hour.
6- Suzan …………………………………………………… (rewrite) the letter since she
arrived.
7- The policeman …………………………………………………… (threaten) the thief
since last night.
8- The children …………………………………………………… (fly) their kites for
two hours.
9- She …………………………………………………… (ride) her bike since 4 o’clock.
10- We ……………………………………………… (watch) the new movie for an hour.
35
(B) Change into negative:
1- I have been playing since 5 o’clock.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Sue has been studying for an hour.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- Dad has been working hard since last week.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Mom has been cooking since last night.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- We have been drawing for an hour.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- I have been making a cake for 30 minutes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- The guests have been arriving.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8- Everyone has been learning the basic of the first aid.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9- The baby has been exploring his new toys.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10- I have been talking to Jimmy for an hour.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(C) Form questions:
1. Yes, it has been raining.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36
2. Yes, I have been running for an hour.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. No, she hasn’t been sleeping for too long.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They have been playing at the club all morning.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Sam has been studying English for three hours.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mom has been cooking fish and rice for an hour.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Dad has been buying fruits and vegetables since this morning.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I have been learning English for six years.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Magda has been driving her car since two o’clock.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(D) Answer the following questions:
1- How long have they been waiting? (6 o’clock)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
37
2- How long have you been learning English? (20 years)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- How long has she been living here? (June)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- How long has he been working on this project? (few months)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- How long have you been driving? (2019)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(E) Complete the following dialogue:
Racel: I heard that Kate plans to quit her job next month.
Peter: Really? …………………………………………………………………… ?
Rachel: She has been working there for 5 years.
Peter: That’s a very long time! ……………………………………… .
Rachel: She wants to quit because she can’t stand her new manager.
38
(F) Choose the correct answer:
1- I ……………………… English for two hours. I am very tired.
a) have studying c) have been studying
b) am been studying d) studied
2- How long ……………………… this watch?
a) have you been wearing c) have you wear
b) are you wearing d) did you wore
3- The roads are closed because it ……………………… since yesterday.
a) was snowing c) has been snowing
b) has been snowed d) snows
4- It is 7 p.m. and Alfred ……………………… yet. He ……………………… in the
field since morning.
a) hasn’t been returning / has been working
b) hasn’t been returning / has worked
c) hasn’t returned / has been working
d) hasn’t returned / has worked
5- You ……………………… the piano for years but you still can’t play a single
song.
a) have been learning b) learned
39
c) have learnt d) have been learnt
6- She ……………………… out through the window since she heard the bad
news.
a) have been looking c) looks
b) has been looking d) has looked
7- What a talkative man! He ……………………… since morning.
a) has been talking c) is talked
b) has talked d) talks
8- The bus hasn’t come yet. We ………………………for an hour.
a) are waiting c) have been waited
b) have waited d) have been waiting
40
(G) Analyze the following sentences:
1) You have been working here for two hours.
2) She has been working at the that company for three years.
3) James has been teaching at university since June.
4) Ali has already painted the room.
5) Tom has never caught a fish.
Verb Subject Object Keyword
1- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
2- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
3- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
4- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
5- ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
41
(H) Write () or () then correct the wrong sentences:
1)
a- Have you ever saw a ghost ? ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- You’ve been painting your house since Monday . ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c- You’ve been talk to your friend on the phone for two hours. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2)
a- It has been raining for two days. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- How long has Patty studying? ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c- I’m not playing the guitar since 2005. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3)
a- Laura’s children have being playing computer games all day.
( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- Has he yet had breakfast? ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c- I haven’t seen him before. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
42
4)
a- It has been snowing for two o’clock. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- His wife has been working here for three years. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c- She is been sleeping for nine hours. ( )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
43
Miscellaneous
 Do as shown between brackets:
1. I have just fed the pets. (Change into negative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The zookeeper ………………………………………… (protect) lot of endangered
animals for a long time. (Correct the verb)
3. We ………………………… (already / swim) in the pool. (Correct the verb)
4. Harry ………………………… (speak) to his friend since 3 o’clock.
(Correct the verb)
5. Yes, I have been doing my homework for an hour. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Sam (has been studying – has studied – have studied) English for
seven years. (Choose)
7. He playing ping pong since 2000. (Fix this fragment)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Mr Abbot has been working at the local hospital for over twenty
years. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
44
9. I have had a pet. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.Omar ………………………… (just/buy) a black car. (Correct the verb)
11. They ……………………………… (just / come) to the party.
(Correct the verb)
12.She has already (ran – run – runs) to school (Choose)
13.I never seen anything made of marble. (Fix this fragment)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14.I have been waited here since three o’clock. (Correct the mistake)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.Ramy …………………………………………… (never / do) his job accurately.
(Correct the verb)
16.Sue has been shopping for 3 hours. (Change into negative)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17.They have been writing poems since 2010. (Form a question)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. We have never (travel – traveled - traveling) to Spain before.
(Choose)
19.Luke …………………………………………………… (choose) this game before.
(Correct the verb)
45
20. I …………………………………………………… (not / eat) my sandwiches yet.
(Correct the verb)
21.Mr Otis …………………………………………………… (just / leave) the house.
(Correct the verb)
22. A: ………………………… she ………………………… (ever / see) a tortoise?
B: No, she ………………………… (never / see) a tortoise.
(Correct the verb)
23. ………………………… you ………………………… (work) here before?
(Correct the verb)
24. The teacher has already helped us to write the composition.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. The artist has been painting this picture for six years. (Use: since)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. She …………………………… (cook) since morning. (Correct the verb)
27. We just eat breakfast. (Correct the mistake)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Have you ever eaten a frog? (Answer)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
46
The Future Form

Usage of The Future Simple:
 We use verbs in the future to talk about future events,
plans, or prediction.
Form: will + verb in the infinitive
e.g.: Cars will fly in the future.

The short form of : I will  I’ll
e.g.: She’ll buy a new dress soon.
Negative Form: will not  won’t
e.g.: Hady won’t attend the party.
Question Form: Question word + will + sub. + inf.?
e.g.: What will farmers do if the rain decreases?
 We use {will + verb in the infinitive} for:

(1) Facts in the future.
e.g.: The sun will rise at 6:05 tomorrow.
(2) Predictions (without evidence).
e.g.: Wheels will always be a central part of life.
(3) With verb (think).
e.g.: I think he will leave tomorrow.
Time expressions with the future tense: tomorrow – next – soon – in

2050 – in the future – in a (week , month, year …….. etc.
47
Exercise xxExercise
s
A)Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- It ……………………………… (rain) tomorrow.
2- I think my mother ……………………………… (like) this CD.
3- Phillip ……………………………… (be) twenty years old next Sunday.
4- In 2050, people ……………………………… (buy) more modern cars.
5- There ……………………………… (be) a cure for cancer in the future.
6- I think our team ……………………………… (win) the match.
7- There ……………………………… (be) hotels on the moon within the next
fifty years.
8- I think he ……………………………… (regret) his choice.
9- The bus ……………………………… (not / wait) for us tomorrow.
10- Ramy ………………………… (finish) his study next year.
11- In the future, students ……………………………… (go) to school by rockets.
12- Ali is an excellent student. I think he ………………………………… (get) the
full mark in the exam.
13- People ………………………………… (live) on Mars in the future.
14- Cars ………………………………… (have) wings in the future.
15- Robots ………………………………… (control) the world in 2100.
48
 The “Be going to” Form:
( am, is, are) + going to + verb in the infinitive

form
 We use {be going to + verb in the infinitive} for:
(1) Future plans.
e.g.: I’m going to visit my uncle next week.
(2) Predictions about what you see or know, especially when there
is evidence.
e.g.: Look at those big, black clouds! It’s going to rain.
Negative Form:
am, is, are + not + going to + verb
e.g.: He isn’t going to visit us.
Question Form:
Question word + (am, is, are) + subject + going to + verb?
e.g.: When are you going to visit your grandma?
49
Exercise
xxExercis
es
A)Correct the verbs between brackets:
1- I ……………………………… (visit) my aunt in Scotland soon. I’ve booked the
tickets.
2-They have already got most of the votes. They ………………………………
(win) the elections.
3-Dad ……………………………… (travel) to Spain on a mission. He has
bought the ticket.
4-I don’t like the color of the new jacket. I …………………………………
(change) it tomorrow.
5-The traffic is terrible. We ……………………………… (miss) our flight.
6-The coffee is too hot. It ……………………………… (burn) your tongue.
7-What ……………………………… (you / do) in the summer holiday?
8-Sara ……………………………… (spend) a long time in hospital
because she is having a surgery.
9-Justin is carrying a hammer. He ……………………………… (put) up some
pictures.
10- They ……………………………… (move) to London next year. They bought a
new house there.
11- My birthday is next week. I ………………………………… (have) a party.

50
B) Write “Yes” or “No” and correct the mistakes:
1- The sky is cloudy. It will rain. ( )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- I’ll think my father is going to buy a new car. ( )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- I’m going to visit my aunt next weekend. ( )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Next year, I’ll be ten years old. ( )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- “Tomorrow” is a keyword for the past simple. ( )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C)Choose the correct answer:
1- What are you going to (wore – wear – wears) this evening?
2- I think Sara (will – is going to - does) love this song.
3- I wake up early so I (will – won’t – am going) be late for school.
4- Marvin is going to the party (next week – yesterday – ago).
5- Eman (will – is going to – won’t) go the cinema. She has won a ticket
for the movie.
51
D)Find the mistake:
1- I think my mother is going to leave her job.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Look! The car is coming very fast. It will hit the child on the road.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- Philipp will be 15 last Wednesday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Rebecca is going to has a baby next month.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- I don’t think that she is going to win the match.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C)Reread the sentences and rewrite them in the future form

using (will - be going to):
1- Yesterday, it was very hot.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- I visit my grandpa every week.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- Last year, I was nine years old.
52
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- My brother is playing tennis these days.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
F)Read the following sentences and write why we use (be

going to + inf) or (will + inf):
1- It will rain tomorrow. (……………………………………)
2-Our team is going to win the match. The players are playing very
well. (……………………………………)
3-I think he will travel next year. (……………………………………)
4-People will live on Mars in 3030. (……………………………………)
5-I’m going to attend the party next Friday. (……………………………………)
6-My brother will be six years old next month. (……………………………………)
53
Miscellaneous
 Do as shown between brackets:
1- He is driving fast. He ……………………………… (have) an accident.
(Correct the verb)
2-It rained heavily last week. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3-I don’t think they ……………………………… (spend) their holiday by the sea
again. (Correct the verb)
4-I have already decided. I ……………………………… (buy) a new car.
(Correct the verb)
5-The sun is going to shine tomorrow. (Correct the mistake)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6-I think our team ……………………………… (win) the championship.
(Correct the verb)
7-She is going to paint her room tomorrow. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8-Soha is going to visit us tomorrow. (Form a question)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9-It ……………………………… (be) cold tomorrow. (Correct the verb)

54
10- The boys will travel to London tomorrow. (Change into negative)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11- What time ……………………………… you ……………………………… (have) your lunch
tomorrow? (Correct the verb)
12- Yes, I will help you. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13- I can see heavy clouds. It will rain. (Correct the mistake)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14- Be careful or you ………………………… (fall). (Correct the verb)
15- She is listening to the radio at the moment. (Form a question)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16- No, they are not going to read the story. (Form a question)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
55
Reported Speech
 Reporting Statements
 Direct Speech: is the exact words someone said. We use
quotation marks (“”) in direct speech.
 Reported Speech: is the exact meaning of what someone
said, but not the exact words.
 To form a reported speech:
1- change (said to) into (told)
2- we remove the quotation marks and join using (that)
3- we change the pronouns and possessive adjectives according
to the speakers
4- we change the tense one step back
5- some place and time expressions change according to the
meaning of the sentence
e.g.:
 “I’m very tired,” Mary said.
- Mary said (that) she was very tired.
 Ali said to John, “I’m writing a letter now.”
- Ali told John (that) he was writing a letter then.
Verb Tenses Changes

56
Direct Speech Reported Speech

Present Simple Simple Past
Julia said, “I want to be a teacher.” Julia said (that) she wanted to
be a teacher.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
(am/is/are + ing) (was/were + ing)
“I am going to the doctor,” Julia Julia said (that) she was going
said. to the doctor.
Past simple (ed / irregular v) Past simple
Julia said, “I worked as a cook in a Julia said (that) she worked
hotel.” as a cook in a hotel.
Present Perfect (has/have + p.p.) Past Perfect (had + p.p.)
Jack said, “John has given up his Jack said (that) John had
job.” given up his job.
Future Simple (will + infinitive) Would + infinitive
“I will travel next week,” Ahmad Ahmad said that he would
said. travel the following week.
Model verbs (can/shall + infinitive) Could\should+ infinitive
“I can work alone,” Ahmed said. Ahmed said that he could work
alone.
now then
today / tonight that day /that night
tomorrow the next day / the following day
yesterday the day before / the previous day
this (morning) that (morning , month, …………)
57
last (week, month, year ….) the (week before / the previous
(day, year, ……)

next (week / month / year) the following (week / month / year)
at the moment at that moment
A week ago The week before
Place Changes
here there
this that
these those
Exercises xxExercis
(A) Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1- “Dad is coming late tonight,” Mom said to me.

………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
2- “Tom will participate in the competition,” the teacher said to us.
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
3- “Lily can go shopping today,” Dad said to Rio.
…..………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
58
4- “Dan can’t drive,” I said to dad.

………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
5- “The weather is nice today,” she said to me.
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
6- “The number of homeless people increases,” the minister said.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(B) Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1- “You have a science test today, ” the teacher said to us.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- “We finished our project, ” they said to the teacher.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- “I did the changes you asked for, ” the designer said to the actress.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- “I will call you tomorrow, ” Katy said to John.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- “I am proud of you, ” my father said to me.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- “My sister will come to visit me next week, ” Dan said to us.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- The teacher said to the children, “I will give you a test tomorrow.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8- Hisham said to Laila, “I think this car is expensive.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9- “We won’t do anything next week, ” they said to us.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
59
10- “You can borrow my pen if you want, ” he said to me.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(C) Choose the correct answer:
1- She told me that she (is coming – will come – would come) the
following day.
2- He told me that she (takes – had taken – has taken) a photo with
Amr Diab.
3- “I will call you tomorrow” Ahmed said to me.
Ahmed told me that he would call (her – me – us) the next day.
4- “I am happy” Linda said.
- Linda (said – says – told) that she (is – was – been) happy.
5- “I have seen this movie.” Ahmed said.
- Ahmed said that (you – he – him) had seen (these – that –
those) movie.
6- He told us that he (works – worked – working) in a bank.
7- Tom told us that he (didn’t meet – hasn’t met – meets) Jack
(yesterday – the day before – today).
8- “She’s living in Paris for a few months. “ She said
60
- She (told – said – says) that she (lived – was living – lives) in
Paris for a few months.
Reported Imperatives (Indirect Imperatives)
 Imperative clauses change into infinitive clauses preceded by

the verb such as told
1- Change “said to” into “told”.
2- Use the word “to” before the verb.
3- Change pronouns as appropriate.
e.g.:
61
 “Be careful !” the teacher said to his student.

- The teacher told his student to be careful.
 Negative imperatives (Don’t…) - “not” goes before the
infinitive.
e.g.:
 “Don’t make silly mistakes in the exam,” the teacher said to his
student.
- The teacher told his students not to make silly mistakes in the
exam.
Reported Request
 Reported requests when you are asking someone to do
something for you.
We use ask/beg + subject + to inf to report requests.

(not) to inf
Usually, the direct sentence contains the word “please”.
62
e.g.:
 “Please don’t tell my dad,” she said.
She asked them not to tell her dad.
A)Change into reported speech:
1. She said to Sama, “Please, help me carry this.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Dad said to her, “Please, come early.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He said to Menna, “Please, open the window.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. My brother said to me, ‘’Pass the salt, please.’’

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. He said to him, “Tell me the time, please.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Dad said to me, “Don’t smoke.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Dad said to me, “Don’t be late.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Mom said to me, “Go to bed.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mom said to her son, “Eat your dinner.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Mom said to her baby “Don’t make a mess.”

63
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B) Change into reported speech:
1. He said to me “Pass my suitcase, please.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Turn on the radio, please.” he said to his friend.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. “Help me to set the table, please.” Suzan said to me.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Give me a lift, please, Dad.” Nina asked her dad.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Ben said to Joe, “Please, don’t move the car.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “Prepare your presentation.” The man asked the employee.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “Don’t go near the road.” Tom said to Rob.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “Do as your mom says.” Adam said to his brother.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(C) Change into reported speech:
When my mother entered the house she said to us:

64
1- I’m very tired today.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- I’ve made lots of things.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- I went to the market.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- I bought these things.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Clean your rooms.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(D) Choose the correct verb and put it in the right form:
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(give – find – train – play – lose)
1- The teacher told us that he would …………………………… us a test the
next day.
2- My sister said she was …………………………… tennis then.
3- My father told us that he …………………………… his keys the day before.
4- Sue said she …………………………… that note under the sofa.
5- The football player said he had …………………………… very hard.
(E) Choose the correct answer:
1- “Clean up your room, please.”
- Mom (asked – told – said to) me (to – not to – that) clean up my
room.
2- “Don’t drop litter.” The gardener said to the boys.
- The gardener (told – asked – says) the boys (to – not to – that)
drop litter.
3- “Take you medicine now.” Mom said to Ali.
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- Mom told Ali to take (my – your – his) medicine (now – then –
next).
4- “Don’t speak Arabic in the English sessions.” The teacher said to us.
- The teacher told us (to – not to – that) speak Arabic in the
English sessions.
5- “Put on make your masks.” The teacher said to her students.
- The teacher told her students to put on (your – their – our)
masks.
(F) Read the following sentences and write whether they are:
(Statement , Imperative or Request)

1- The teacher said to us “You’ll have an exam next week.”
(…………………………………)
2- “Please, Leave your bags at front of the room.”
(…………………………………)
3- “Don’t talk during the exam.” (…………………………………)
4- “Write your names.” (…………………………………)
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5- “Raise your hand when you want to speak.” (…………………………………)
List of Irregular Verbs

Verb Past Past Verb Past Past
infinitive Simple Participle infinitive Simple Participle
Group (1): The same family Group (4): Change “-d” / “-l” / to “-t”
bet bet bet bend bent bent
cost cost cost build built built
cut cut cut lend lent lent
hit hit hit send sent sent
hurt hurt hurt spend spent spent
let let let smell smelt smelt
put put put spell spelt spelt
quit quit quit Group (5): “lose a vowel”
read read read bleed bled bled
set set set feed fed fed
spread spread Spread meet met met
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Group (2): “-aught” or “-aught” shoot shot shot

catch caught caught lead led led
teach taught taught Group (6): lose a vowel and add “t”
fight fought fought feel felt felt
seek sought sought keep kept kept
think thought thought sleep slept slept
bring brought brought sweep swept swept
buy bought bought weep wept wept
Group (3): add “-t” or “-d” Group (7): Change “i” to “u”
deal dealt dealt dig dug dug
dream dreamt dreamt stick stuck stuck
learn learnt learnt spin spun spun
mean meant meant sting stung stung
burn burnt burnt swing swung swung
hear heard heard
Group (8): change “-ell” to “-old” Group (12): same present and participle
sell sold sold come came come
tell told told run ran run
Group (9): change “-ay” to “-aid” Group (13): “-ew” to “-own” / “-awn”
lay laid laid know knew known
pay paid paid grow grew grown
say said said throw threw thrown
Group (10): change “-and” to “-ood” blow blew blown
stand stood stood fly flew flown
understand understood understoo draw drew drawn
d
Group (11): same past and participle Group (14): past in “o” and participle “en”
find found found rise rose risen
have had had drive drove driven
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hang hung hung take took taken

hold held held shake shook shaken
leave left left awake awoke awoken
lose lost lost wake woke woken
light lit lit break broke broken
make made made speak spoke spoken
shine shone shone steal stole stolen
sit sat sat write wrote written
slide slid slid choose chose chosen
sting stung stung freeze froze frozen
win won won ride rode ridden
get got got/gotten
forget forgot forgotten

Group (15): change “i" - into “a” – “u” Group (17): “-orn” family
begin began begun swear swore sworn
drink drank drunk tear tore torn
ring rang rung wear wore worn
sing sang sung Group (18): without group
sink sank sunk be was/were been
swim swam swum do did done
Group (16): “-en” fall fell fallen
beat beat beaten go went gone
eat ate eaten lie lay lain
give gave given see saw seen
forgive forgave forgiven show showed shown
bite bit bitten swell swelled swollen
hide hid hidden
forbid forbade forbidden
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Grammar

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Grammar

Uploaded by

Grammar

Royal House Language Schools

The Present Simple Tense

e.g.: It rains She visits Ahmad sells Sally buys

* If the verb ends in (ss , ch , sh , x , o) , we add (es).

e.g.: He passes She catches Ahmed brushes Sally goes

* If the verb ends in (vowel + y), we add (s).

e.g.: play He plays say She says stay She stays

e.g.: cry  cries carry carries hurry hurries

* In case of a plural subject, we don't add (s) or (es) to the verb.

e.g.: Cats run. They play football. Girls hate football.

Negative Form: don't/doesn't + inf.

2- The cat doesn't like swimming.

1) Wh- Question: Ques. word + do \ does (auxiliary v.) + sub. +

e.g.: 1-What do you have for breakfast?

2-When does the train arrive?

2) Yes / No Question: Do/ Does + subject + inf ……………?

e.g.: Do you go to school by bus?

1.Daily routines and habits.

Time expressions with the present simple tense:

every – in the morning – three times a day – once a week – on

A) Do as shown between brackets:

2. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. (Form a question)

3. In Britain, most of the shops …………………………… (close) at 5:30 p.m.

4. I ………………………… (work) in a bank. Barry …………………………… (work) in a

5. Hana sleeps at 9:00 every day. (Form a question)

6. Mom fries potatoes for dinner. (Change into negative)

7. Tom usually ………………………………………… (play) tennis twice a week.

8. Where …………………… your grandparents …………………… (live)?

9. I ………………………………………… (not / smoke). (Correct the verb)

10.She watches T.V at night. (Change into negative)

11. Harry ………………………………………… (not / go) to the cinema every day.

(Correct the verb)

My mom work at a bakery. She always get up very early. She

start work at four o’clock every morning. Tom is my mom’s best

friend. He live in madried. He work there as a typist. He wants to

change his career. He’ll come to help mom in the bakery

(wake up – sing – go – buy – go – meet – drink – have – to be –

Chris lee ……………………… a musician. Every morning, he always

……………………… quite late. He ……………………… his friends at the recording

studio where they ……………………… at 11 o’clock. He usually ………………………

it’s cold and windy. He doesn’t usually ……………………… breakfast. He

sometimes ……………………… a cup of coffee at a café near the studio. At

the studio, he ……………………… and ……………………… the guitar with his

friends until 2 o’clock. On their free time, they ……………………… shopping.

They ……………………… food, clothes or some musical instruments.

D) Analyze the following sentences:

1- My father always works hard.

2-Nurses work in clinics and hospitals.

3-She always forgets her purse.

4-My daughter does the laundry every Friday.

Verbs Nouns Prepositions Keywords

1- ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

2-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

3-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

4-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

5-……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

E) Write (Yes) or (No), then correct the mistakes:

1- Bob never tell lies to his friends. ( )

The Present Continuous Tense

* If the verb ends in a vowel followed by a consonant, we double

the last letter then add (ing).

e.g.: hit hitting

Negative Form: am not / isn't / aren't + v. + ing

Question Form: Ques. word + v. to be + sub. + v. + ing?

e.g.: 1- Where are the boys hiding?

2-When is Rania coming?

1. Actions taking place now.

e.g.: Right now, Gamal is having coffee.

Time expressions with the present continuous tense:

now, at the/this moment, at present, nowadays, these days, Look!

This (week , month, ………etc), today.

A) Do as shown between brackets:

1. Please be quiet. I ………………………………………… (try) to concentrate.

9. Be careful! You …………………………… (run) without looking under your

(How long – study – live – v. to be – for – fly – visit)