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Additional Exercise - Test of Independence

Marie Claire conducted a survey that found 15 male friends liked vanilla ice cream, 3 liked chocolate, and 7 liked strawberry. She performed a chi-squared test and found the p-value was 0.00615, lower than 0.05, so she concluded that favourite ice cream flavor was not independent of gender. Akiko surveyed friends about favorite car colors and found more males liked red and more females liked white. Her chi-squared test gave a p-value of 0.00253, below 0.05, so she concluded favorite car color was not independent of gender. Noah recorded tennis serves of left and right-handed players. His chi-squared test gave a p-value of

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Keisha Samantha Wijaya
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188 views3 pages

Additional Exercise - Test of Independence

Marie Claire conducted a survey that found 15 male friends liked vanilla ice cream, 3 liked chocolate, and 7 liked strawberry. She performed a chi-squared test and found the p-value was 0.00615, lower than 0.05, so she concluded that favourite ice cream flavor was not independent of gender. Akiko surveyed friends about favorite car colors and found more males liked red and more females liked white. Her chi-squared test gave a p-value of 0.00253, below 0.05, so she concluded favorite car color was not independent of gender. Noah recorded tennis serves of left and right-handed players. His chi-squared test gave a p-value of

Uploaded by

Keisha Samantha Wijaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Additional exercise

8.2 χ2 test for independence

1 Marie Claire asked 50 of her friends which flavour of ice cream (vanilla, chocolate or
strawberry) they preferred. Her results are in the table below.

Ice cream Vanilla Chocolate Strawberry

Male 15 3 7

Female 6 13 6

Marie Claire decided to perform a chi-squared test at the 5% significance level to find out if
favourite flavour was independent of gender or not.

a Write down the null hypothesis.

b Write down the number of degrees of freedom.

c Show that the expected value for a male liking chocolate is 8.

d Find the chi-squared test statistic and the p-value.

e What conclusion does Marie Claire come to?

2 Akiko was interested to find out if there was a relationship between gender and favourite colour
of car. She sent out a survey to her friends and collected the following data.

Colour Black White Red Blue

Male 15 7 21 12

Female 18 19 6 10

She decides to perform a chi-squared test at the 5% significance level to find out if favourite
colour of car was independent of gender.

a Write down the null and alternative hypotheses.

b Write down the degrees of freedom

c Show that the expected value for a female liking red the best is 13.25.

d Find the chi-squared test statistic and the p-value.

e If the critical value is 7.815, write down the conclusion for this test.

© Oxford University Press 2019 1


Additional exercise

3 Noah looked at the games of 30 left-hand tennis players and 30 right-hand tennis players. He
counted the number of times that the first serve was in during the first game. The table shows
his results.

LH 16 8 4 12 5 9 11 10 18 8 16 17 11 10 16

LH 12 11 8 9 17 6 15 15 17 10 11 9 10 7 20

RH 15 12 8 11 19 10 7 15 17 19 20 13 8 9 12

RH 11 10 7 18 17 6 12 10 9 18 4 17 12 16 15

a Find the mean and standard deviation of all the above data.

Noah plans to test if the number of first serves in is independent of whether the player is left-
handed or right-handed. He will use a chi-squared test at the 1% significance level.

b Complete the contingency table, where x is the number of serves in.

x < 10 10 ≤ x < 14 x ≥ 14 Totals

Left-handed

Right-handed

Totals

c Write down the null and alternative hypotheses.

d Show that the expected number of right-handed players who get less than 10 first serves in
is 9.

e Write down the degrees of freedom.

f Find the chi-squared test statistic and the p-value.

The critical value for this test is 9.21

g Comment on your answer.

© Oxford University Press 2019 2


Additional exercise

Answers

1 a The favourite flavour of ice cream is independent of gender.

b 2

25 × 16
c =8
50

d chi-squared value = 10.2 and p-value = 0.00615

e 0.00615 < 0.05 so she will reject the null hypothesis. Favourite flavour of ice cream is not
independent of gender.

2 a H0: Favourite colour of car is independent of gender.

H1: Favourite colour of car is not independent of gender.

b 3 degrees of freedom

53 × 27
c = 13.25
108

d chi-squared value = 14.3 and p-value = 0.00253

e 14.3 > 7.815 so do not accept the null hypothesis. Or 0.00253 < 0.05, so do not accept the
null hypothesis. Favourite colour of car is not independent of gender.

3 a mean = 12.1 and standard deviation = 4.24

3 b x < 10 10 ≤ x < 14 x ≥ 14 Totals

Left-handed 10 10 10 30

Right-handed 8 10 12 30

Totals 18 20 22 60

c H0: the number of first serves in is independent of whether the player is left-handed or
right-handed.

H1: the number of first serves in is not independent of whether the player is left-handed or
right-handed.

30 × 18
d =9
60

e 2 degrees of freedom

f chi-squared value = 0.404 and p-value = 0.817

g 0.404 < 9.21 so you accept the null hypothesis or 0.817 > 0.01 so you accept the null
hypothesis. the number of first serves in is independent of whether the player is left-handed
or right-handed.

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

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