AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHYSICS 1 LAB
Fall 2023-2024

Section: B1, Group: 2

LAB REPORT ON
Determining the acceleration due to gravity through applying linear least square regression method by
using a simple pendulum.

Supervised By
DR. MAHJABIN TASKIN
Submitted By
Name ID Contribution
1. Shafin Ahmed 23-52988-3 Simple pendulum experiments
measured and solve the
equation
2. Md. Abu Siam 23-52991-3 Created the graph and prepare
lab report in MS Word
3. Zihad Bin Rahim 23-52993-3 Note the experimental data and
prepare lab report in MS Word
4. Mohotarim Shah Wasef 23-52984-3 Simple pendulum experiments

5. Md. Shakil Anuar 23-52989-3 Note the experimental data

graph and prepare lab report in
MS Word

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 Date of Submission: October 1, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPICS Page no.

I. Title Page 1

II. Table of Contents 2

1. Theory 3

2. Apparatus 5

3. Procedure 6

4. Experimental Data 7

5. Analysis and Calculation 9

6. Result 10
10
7. Discussion

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Page 3 of 12
1. Theory
The time period of small-angle oscillation of a simple pendulum (a metal bob
attached by a light string and suspended vertically) can be written as

2
4𝜋2
𝑇 =( )𝐿
𝑔
y = mx + c
Here
L = (the length of pendulum) – (the length from point of suspension to the center of the bob)
g = the acceleration due to gravity

m = the slope represented by

Fig: Simple Pendulum

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 Regression Method

Considering x → the independent variable

y → dependent variable
N→ number of the data points

The formula for determining the slope (m) pf the regression line:

The best fit line y = mx + c and intercept c = y − mx

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2. Apparatus

 Metal Bob

 String

 Meter Scale

 Vernier Caliper

 Electronic Timer

 Stop Watch

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 3. Procedure

Attach a light piece of rope to the hook of the metal bob. The length L of the
pendulum should be measured from the point of suspension to the mid-
point of the bb using a meter scale. The pendulum should be given a small
angle (less than 10 degrees). T, the time period, should be determined. To
do so, take the total time for 20 oscillations and divide it by 20. The
operation should be repeated for various lengths, with the results notes in
table -1.

For each set of data, the values of L and T should be utilized to compute the
value of g. The equation should also be used to calculate the mean value of
g and the standard deviation. The Linear Least Squares Regression Method
(LLSRM) should be used to identify the regression line, and g can be

calculated using the equation slope = ( )

In excel, plot the vs. L liner regression line. In each case, the mean value of
g and the acquired by LLSRM should be compared to the reference value
of g by computing the percentage of difference. If there are any variations,
these should be discussed.

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 4. Experimental Data

No. Effective Time for 20 Time

Of Length L Oscillation t period T ( ) ( ) ( )
Obs (cm) (s) = t/20 ( )
. (s)

1 110 41.70 2.085 4.347 12100 478.17 998.993

2 100 40.12 2.006 4.024 10000 402.4 981.073

3 90 37.8 1.89 3.5721 8100 321.489 994.669

4 80 35.6 1.78 3.1684 6400 253.472 996.80

5 70 33.78 1.689 2.852 4900 199.64 968.965

6 60 31.9 1.595 2.544 3600 152.64 931.094

7 50 29.78 1.489 2.217 2500 110.85 890.35

∑ 560 250.68 12.534 22.7245 47600 1918.61 6761.994

Table – 1: Time periods for different lengths of the simple pendulum.

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Graph

Graph of T2 VS L

4.5 4.347
4.024
4 f(x) = 0.0359646428571429 x + 0.369185714285714
3.5721
3.5 3.1684
2.852
Time squared (s2)

3
2.544
2.5 2.217

1.5

0.5

0
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Leanth (cm)

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 5. Analysis and Calculation

Calculations:

(i) The slope of the regression line from the data table:

Intercept,

(ii) The slope of the regression line from the graph:

Slope,

Or,

% difference in g =

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 6. Result

It is suggested that by an error of 12.21% that the experimental value found (g =

1099.68 ) is 12.21% greater than the theoretical value of g = 980

7. Discussion

I. There must be few error while measuring the thread.

II. The realizing of bob might be in wrong position and can cause error
in measuring the value.
III. Exact value might be obtained by the use of wire instead of rope.

References

 Lab Manual Sheet

 Lecture Slide

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