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 DAX Functions List
This DAX functions quick reference guide has been prepared by Matt Allington from
http://exceleratorbi.com.au and contains a list of all current DAX functions in a summarised and easy
to use format. You can print the document and/or use the search features for PDF documents to search
for the function you are looking for.
This document is a supplement and is not intended to replace the more detailed documentation that is
available online.
When looking for online documentation it is best to do a web search from your favourite search engine
by specifying the function name followed by the word DAX i.e. “FunctionName DAX”.
Tip: If you are going to search this document for a function name using search, then type the function
name followed by a space then an open bracket. E.g. instead of searching for VALUES you should
search VALUES (, including the space.

Contents
DAX Functions List ............................................................................................................................... 2
DAX Aggregation Functions (Aggregators) ........................................................................................ 3
DAX Date and Time Functions .......................................................................................................... 4
DAX Filter Functions .......................................................................................................................... 6
DAX Information Functions ................................................................................................................ 9
DAX Logical Functions .................................................................................................................... 11
DAX Math and Trig Functions .......................................................................................................... 12
DAX Other Functions ....................................................................................................................... 16
DAX Other Special Functions (X-Functions).................................................................................... 18
DAX Parent and Child Functions ..................................................................................................... 21
DAX Query Functions ...................................................................................................................... 22
DAX Statistical Functions ................................................................................................................ 23
DAX Text Functions ......................................................................................................................... 25
DAX Time Intelligence Functions ..................................................................................................... 27

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DAX Aggregation Functions (Aggregators)
DAX Aggregation Functions (called aggregators for short) take a column or a table as the argument
and aggregate the values.
Function Notes
AVERAGE (column) Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the numbers in a
column in the current filter context.
AVERAGEA (column) The AVERAGEA function takes a column and averages the
numbers in it, but also handles non-numeric data types
according to the following rules:
Values that evaluates to TRUE count as 1.
Values that evaluate to FALSE count as 0 (zero).
Values that contain non-numeric text count as 0 (zero).
Empty text ("") counts as 0 (zero).
COUNT (column) Counts numbers only in the current filter context.
COUNTA (column) Counts text values as well as numbers in the current filter
context.
COUNTBLANK (column) Counts the number of blank cells in a column in the current filter
context.
COUNTROWS (table) The COUNTROWS function counts the number of rows in the
specified table, or in a table defined by an expression in the
current filter context.
DISTINCTCOUNT (column) Counts each value in a column once and only once in the current
filter context.
MAX (column) Returns the largest numeric value in a column in the current filter
context.
MAXA (column) Like MAX, however also considers Dates and Logical values,
such as TRUE and FALSE. Rows that evaluate to TRUE count
as 1; rows that evaluate to FALSE count as 0 (zero)
MIN (column) Returns the smallest numeric value in a column. Ignores logical
values and text in the current filter context.
MINA (column) Like MIN, however also considers Dates and Logical Values.
PRODUCT (column) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Multiplies all the values in a column together. Why you would
want to? I have no idea.
SUM (column) Adds all the numbers in a column in the current filter context.
TOPN (n_value, table, Returns a table containing the top N rows. Order by expression
is typically a measure that you want to rank on.
orderBy_expression, [order],
[orderBy_expression, [order]] …)

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DAX Date and Time Functions
DAX Date and Time Functions are similar to the Excel date and time functions.
Function Notes
CALENDAR (start date, end date) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.

Returns a table with a single column named “Date” that

contains a contiguous set of dates. The range of dates is
from the specified start date to the specified end date,
inclusive of those two dates.
CALENDARAUTO ([end month of fiscal New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
year])

Returns a table with a single column named “Date” that

contains a contiguous set of dates. The range of dates is
calculated automatically based on data in the model.
DATE (year, month, day) Returns the specified date in datetime format.
DATEDIFF (start date, end date, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
interval) Returns the count of interval boundaries crossed between
two dates.
DATEVALUE (date text) Returns the specified date in datetime format.
DAY (date) Returns the day of the month, a number from 1 to 31.
EDATE (start date, months) Returns a date in datetime format that is a number of
months after the start date.
EOMONTH (start date, months) Returns a date in datetime format that is the last date in the
month after adding x months.
HOUR (datetime value) Returns the hour as a number from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23
(11:00 P.M.).
MINUTE (datetime value) Returns the minute as a number from 0 to 59, given a date
and time value.
MONTH (datetime value) Returns the month as a number from 1 (January) to 12
(December).
NOW () Returns a date in datetime format.
SECOND (datetime value) Returns the seconds of a time value, as a number from 0 to
59.
TIME (hour, minute, second) Converts hours, minutes, and seconds given as numbers to
a time in datetime format.

TIMEVALUE (time text) Converts a time in text format to a time in datetime format.

TODAY () Returns the current date in datetime format.

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Function Notes
WEEKDAY (date, return type) Returns a number from 1 to 7 identifying the day of the week
of a date. By default, return type is 1, and the week begins
on Sunday (1) and ends on Saturday (7).
If return type is 2, the week begins on Monday (1) and ends
on Sunday (7).
If return type is 3, the week begins on Monday (0) and ends
on Sunday (6).
Returns the week number for the given date and year
according to the return_type value. The week number
WEEKNUM (date, return type)
indicates where the week falls numerically within a year.
If return type is 1, week begins on Sunday. Weekdays are
numbered 1 through 7.

If return type is 2, week begins on Monday. Weekdays are

numbered 1 through 7.
YEAR (datetime value) Returns the year of a date as a four-digit integer in the range
1900-9999.
YEARFRAC (start_date, end_date, Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the
basis) number of whole days between two dates. Use the
YEARFRAC worksheet function to identify the proportion of
a whole year's benefits or obligations to assign to a specific
term.

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DAX Filter Functions
DAX Filter Functions are very different to Excel functions. They are used to (typically) return filtered
tables that can be used in your data model. These new “virtual” tables retain lineage with the physical
data model and hence they can “filter” the physical data model on the fly. Lookup functions work by
using tables and relationships between them. Filtering functions let you manipulate data context to
create dynamic calculations.
Function Notes
1. ADDMISSINGITEMS (showAllColumn, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
[showAllColumn] …, table, groupingColumn,
[groupingColumn] …, [filterTable] …) Adds combinations of items from multiple columns
2. ADDMISSINGITEMS(<showAllColumn>[, to a table if they do not already exist. The
<showAllColumn>]…, <table>, determination of which item combinations to add
[ROLLUPISSUBTOTAL(]<groupingColumn>[, is based on referencing source columns which
<isSubtotal_columnName>][, contain all the possible values for the columns.
<groupingColumn>][, To determine the combinations of items from
<isSubtotal_columnName>]…[)], [, filterTable] different columns to evaluate: AutoExist is applied
…) for columns within the same table while CrossJoin
is applied across different tables.
The ADDMISSINGITEMS function will return
BLANK values for the IsSubtotal columns of blank
rows it adds.
ALL (TableOrColumn, [TableOrColumn], …) Returns the table or column with filters removed.
ALLEXCEPT (table, column, [column], …) Returns the table with all filters removed except for
the filters on the specified columns.
ALLNOBLANKROW (table | column) Returns a table, when the passed parameter was
a table, or a column of values, when the passed
parameter was a column.
ALLSELECTED ([tableName | columnName]) Keeps filters on Rows and Columns in a pivot table
while keeping the filters on slicers and other
explicit filters.
CALCULATE (expression, [filter1], [filter2], …) Modifies the filter context prior to calculating the
expression.
CALCULATETABLE (expression, filter1, filter2, Modifies the filter context prior to returning a table
…) of values.
CROSSFILTER (columnName1, columnName2, Allows you to change the filtering direction for a
direction) single measure. Place the CROSSFILTER inside
a CALCULATE
DISTINCT (column) Returns a 1 column table of all the distinct values
in the current filter context. If there are BLANKS
then they will be ignored. If you want to return a
BLANK as well, then use VALUES instead.
EARLIER (column, [number]) Used to access a previous row context when more
than 1 row context exists in the function.
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Function Notes
EARLIEST (column) As above, but returns the absolute first row
context.
FILTER (table, filter) Returns a table containing only the filtered rows.
FILTERS (columnName) Returns a table containing the list of values that
are directly filtered.
HASONEFILTER (columnName) Used to check if there is one and only one filter on
a column in the current filter context.
HASONEVALUE (columnName) Used to check if there is one and only one value
visible in a column in the current filter context.
SELECTEDVALUE(ColumnName) This is new in Power BI Desktop. It can be used
as a substitute for IF(HASONEVALUE()) and will
return a scalar value if there is one and only 1
value selected in the current filter context.
ISCROSSFILTERED (columnName) Used to check if there is an indirect filter on a
column in the current filter context.
ISFILTERED (columnName) Used to check if there the column is filtered at all
in the current filter context.
KEEPFILTERS (expression) CALCULATE will replace a filter on the same
column. If you use KEEPFILTERS, it will add the
new filter to the column rather than replace it.
RELATED (column) Forces a row context to follow the relationship to a
related table and return that value. Can only be
used on the many side of the relationship.
RELATEDTABLE (tableName) Forces a row context to follow the relationship to a
related table and return that value. Can only be
used on the one side of the relationship. Returns
a table of values from the many side of the
relationship.
SUBSTITUTEWITHINDEX (table, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop
indexColumnName, indexColumnsTable, Returns a table which represents a left semijoin of
orderBy_expression, [order], the two tables supplied as arguments. The
[orderBy_expression, [order]] …) semijoin is performed by using common columns,
determined by common column names and
common data type. The columns being joined on
are replaced with a single column in the returned
table which is of type integer and contains an
index. The index is a reference into the right join
table given a specified sort order.
Columns in the right/second table supplied which
do not exist in the left/first table supplied are not
included in the returned table and are not used to
join on.

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Function Notes
The index starts at 0 (0-based) and is incremented
by one for each additional row in the right/second
join table supplied. The index is based on the sort
order specified for the right/second join table.

USERELATIONSHIP (columnName1, You can have more than 1 relationship between 2

tables in DAX, but only 1 can be active at a time.
columnName2)
Use this function inside CALCULATE to use the
inactive relationship instead of the active one.
VALUES (TableNameOrColumnName) Returns a table consisting of a single column of
unique values in the current filter context. If there
are blanks in the list a blank will be returned. If
you want to exclude the blank then use DISTINCT
instead.

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DAX Information Functions
DAX Information Functions provide required information based on the given argument.
Function Notes
CONTAINS (table, columnName, value, Returns TRUE if each specified value is contained in the
corresponding columnName.
[columnName, value] …)
Otherwise, the function returns FALSE.
CUSTOMDATA () Returns the content of the CustomData property in the
connection string.
Returns Blank, if CustomData property was not defined at
connection time.
ISBLANK (value) Returns True if the value is blank.
Otherwise, returns FALSE.
ISEMPTY (table_expression) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns True if the table is empty (has no rows),
Returns False otherwise.
ISERROR (value) Returns True if the value is an Error.
Otherwise, returns FALSE.
ISEVEN (number) Returns TRUE if number is even,
Returns FALSE if number is odd.
If number is nonnumeric, ISEVEN returns the #VALUE!
error value.
ISLOGICAL (value) Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value (TRUE OR
FALSE).
Otherwise, returns FALSE.
ISNONTEXT (value) Returns TRUE if the value is not text or blank
Returns FALSE if the value is text.
An empty string is considered text.
ISNUMBER (value) Returns TRUE if the value is numeric.
Otherwise, returns FALSE.
ISODD (number) Returns TRUE if number is odd.
Returns FALSE if number is even.
If number is nonnumeric, ISODD returns the #VALUE! error
value.
ISONORAFTER (scalar expression, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
scalar expression, [sort order], [scalar This function takes a variable number of triples, the first two
expression, scalar expression, [sort parameters in a triple are the expressions to be compared
order]], …)

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Function Notes
and the third is the sort order - ascending (default) or
descending.
Based on the sort order, the first parameter is compared
with the second parameter.
If the sort order is ascending, the comparison to be done is
first parameter greater than or equal to second parameter.
If the sort order is descending, the comparison to be done
is first parameter less than or equal to second parameter
ISTEXT (value) Returns TRUE if the value is text
Otherwise, returns FALSE.
Empty string is text.
Blank is not text.
LOOKUPVALUE ( The value of result_column at the row where all pairs
of search_column and search_value have a match.
result_columnName,
If only some of the criteria match, a BLANK is returned.
search_columnName, search_value,
[search_columnName, search_value], If multiple rows match the search values and in all
cases result_column values are identical, then that value is
…
returned. Otherwise, an error is returned.
)
USERNAME () Returns the username from the credentials given to the
system at connection time.

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DAX Logical Functions
DAX Logical Functions return values based on the conditional results.
Function Notes
AND (logical_value, logical_value) Checks whether both arguments are TRUE, and returns
TRUE if both arguments are TRUE. Otherwise returns false.
If you have more than two arguments, use && (double
ampersand) as an alternative and you can have as many
“and” as you like.
FALSE () Returns the logical value FALSE.
IF (logical test, value_if_true, Checks if a condition provided as the first argument is met.
[value_if_false]) Returns one value if the condition is TRUE, and returns
another value if the condition is FALSE.
Returns blank, if the condition is FALSE and value_if_false
is omitted.
IFERROR (value, value_if_error) Evaluates an expression and returns a specified value if the
expression returns an error. Otherwise, returns the value of
the expression itself.
NOT (logical_value) Changes FALSE to TRUE, or TRUE to FALSE.
OR (logical_value, logical_value) Checks whether one of the arguments is TRUE to return
TRUE. The function returns FALSE if both arguments are
FALSE.
If you have more than two arguments, use use || (double
pipe) as an alternative and you can have as many “or” as
you like.
SWITCH (Expression, Expression is evaluated and the result is matched with the
given values. If a match is found, the corresponding
value1, expression1,
expression is evaluated.
[value2, expression2], ….
If the result is not matched with any of the given values, and
[else, expression]) else is given, the corresponding expression is evaluated.
All expressions must be of the same data type.
TRUE () Returns the logical value TRUE.

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DAX Math and Trig Functions
DAX Math and Trig Functions are similar to Excel mathematical and trigonometric functions.
Function Notes
ABS (number) Removes the negative sign if it exists.
ACOS (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the arccosine, or inverse cosine, of a number. The
arccosine is the angle whose cosine is number. The returned
angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi.
ACOSH (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. The
number must be greater than or equal to 1. The inverse
hyperbolic cosine is the value whose hyperbolic cosine
is number, so ACOSH(COSH(number)) equals number.
ASIN (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the arcsine, or inverse sine, of a number. The
arcsine is the angle whose sine is number. The returned
angle is given in radians in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.
ASINH (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number. The
inverse hyperbolic sine is the value whose hyperbolic sine
is number, so ASINH(SINH(number)) equals number.
ATAN (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the arctangent, or inverse tangent, of a number.
The arctangent is the angle whose tangent is number. The
returned angle is given in radians in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.
ATANH (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Number must be between -1 and 1 (excluding -1 and 1). The
inverse hyperbolic tangent is the value whose hyperbolic
tangent is number, so ATANH(TANH(number))
equals number.
CEILING (number, significance)
Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest
multiple of significance.
COMBIN (number, number_chosen) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of
items.
Numeric arguments are truncated to integers.
If either argument is nonnumeric, COMBIN returns the
#VALUE! error value.

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Function Notes
If number< 0, number_chosen< 0, or number<
number_chosen, COMBIN returns the #NUM! error value.
COMBINA (number, number_chosen) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the number of combinations (with repetitions) for a
given number of items.
• number must be greater than or equal to 0, and greater
than or equal to number_chosen.
• number_chosen must be greater than or equal to 0.
If the value of either argument is outside of it’s constraints,
COMBINA returns the #NUM! error value.
If either argument is a non-numeric value, COMBINA
returns the #VALUE! error value.
Non-integer values are truncated.
COS (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the cosine of the given angle.
COSH (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
CURRENCY (value) The value of the expression evaluated and returned as a
currency type value.
DEGREES (angle) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Converts radians into degrees.
DIVIDE (numerator, denominator, Safe divide function that gracefully handles a divide by zero
[alternate-result]). error.

Performs division and returns alternate result or BLANK() on

division by 0.
EVEN (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns number rounded up to the nearest even integer.
EXP (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns e raised to the power of a given number. The
constant e equals 2.71828182845904, the base of the
natural logarithm.
FACT (number) Returns the factorial of a number, equal to the series
1*2*3*...* , ending in the given number.
FLOOR (number, significance) Rounds a number down, toward zero, to the nearest multiple
of significance.

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Function Notes
GCD (number1, [number2], ...) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the greatest common divisor of two or more
integers. The greatest common divisor is the largest integer
that divides both number1 and number2 without a
remainder.
INT (number) Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
ISO.CEILING (number, [significance]) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Rounds number up, to the nearest multiple of significance.
Rounds number up, to the nearest integer if significance is
omitted.
LCM (number1, [number2], ...) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.

Returns the least common multiple of integers. The least

common multiple is the smallest positive integer that is a
multiple of all integer arguments number1, number2, and so
on.
LN (number) Natural Log
LOG (number, base) You might receive an error if the value is too large to be
displayed.
LOG10 (number) Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
MOD (number, divisor) If the divisor is 0 (zero), MOD returns an error. You cannot
divide by 0.
MROUND (number, multiple) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.

Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple.

ODD (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns number rounded up to the nearest odd integer.
PERMUT (number, number_chosen) Returns the number of permutations for a given number of
objects that can be selected from number objects.
A permutation is any set or subset of objects or events
where internal order is significant.
PI () New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the value of Pi, 3.14159265358979, accurate to 15
digits.
POWER (number, power) Returns the result of a number raised to a power.

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Function Notes
QUOTIENT (numerator, denominator) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.

Performs division and returns only the integer portion of the

division result. Use this function when you want to discard
the remainder of division.
RADIANS (angle) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Converts degrees to radians.
RAND () Returns a random number greater than or equal to 0 and
less than 1, evenly distributed. The number that is returned
changes each time the cell containing this function is
recalculated.
RANDBETWEEN (bottom, top) Returns a random number in the range between two
numbers you specify.
ROUND (number, num_digits) Rounds a number to the specified number of digits.
ROUNDDOWN (number, num_digits) Rounds a number down, toward zero.
ROUNDUP (number, num_digits) Rounds a number up, away from 0 (zero).
SIGN (number) Determines the sign of a number, the result of a calculation,
or a value in a column. The function returns 1 if the number
is positive, 0 (zero) if the number is zero, or -1 if the number
is negative.
SIN (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the sine of the given angle.
SINH (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
SQRT (number) Returns the square root of a number.
If the number is negative, the SQRT function returns an
error.
SQRTPI(number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the square root of (number * pi).
TAN (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the tangent of the given angle.
TANH (number) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
TRUNC (number, num_digits) Truncates a number to an integer by removing the decimal,
or fractional, part of the number.
num_digits specifies the precision of the truncation; if
omitted, 0 (zero).

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DAX Other Functions
These functions perform unique actions that cannot be defined by any of the categories.
Function Notes
DATATABLE (ColumnName1, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop
DataType1, Returns a table declaring an inline set of values.
ColumnName2, DataType2 ..., Each of the columns is given a name and the data type of
{{Value1, Value2 …}, the column is provided.
{Value1, Value2 …}, Then, the set of values is given –
… {{Row 1 values},
{Value1, Value2 …} {Row 2 values},
} …
) }
EXCEPT (table_expression1, Returns a table that contains the rows of one table minus all
table_expression2) the rows of another table.
GROUPBY (table, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
[groupBy_columnName1], [name, The GROUPBY function is similar to the SUMMARIZE
expression], …) function. However, GROUPBY does not do an implicit
CALCULATE for any extension columns that it adds.
GROUPBY permits a new function, CURRENTGROUP (),
to be used inside aggregation functions in the extension
columns that it adds. GROUPBY attempts to reuse the data
that has been grouped making it highly performant.
The expression used in GroupBy may include any of the “X”
aggregation functions.
INTERSECT (table_expression1, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
table_expression2)

Returns the row intersection of two tables, retaining

duplicates.
NATURALINNERJOIN (leftJoinTable, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
rightJoinTable)

Performs an inner join of a table with another table. The

tables are joined on common columns (by name) in the two
tables. If the two tables have no common column names, an
error is returned.
NATURALLEFTOUTERJOIN New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
(leftJoinTable, rightJoinTable) Performs an inner join of a table with another table. The
tables are joined on common columns (by name) in the two
tables. If the two tables have no common column names, an
error is returned.

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Function Notes
UNION (table_expression1, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
table_expression2) Creates a union (join) table from a pair of tables.
Returns a table that contains all the rows from each of the
two table expressions.
The two tables must have the same number of columns.
Columns are combined by position in their respective tables.
The column names in the return table will match the column
names in table_expression1.
Duplicate rows are retained.
The returned table has lineage where possible. When data
types differ, the resulting data type is determined based on
the rules for data type coercion.
The returned table will not contain columns from related
tables.
GENERATE (table1, table2) Returns a table with the Cartesian product between each
row in table1 and the table that results from
evaluating table2 in the context of the current row
from table1.
GENERATEALL (table1, table2) Returns a table with the Cartesian product between each
row in table1 and the table that results from
evaluating table2 in the context of the current row
from table1.
GENERATESERIES (StartValue, Generates a table of values using the parameters provided
EndValue, [IncrementValue])
VAR VarName = Expression New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Stores the result of an expression as a named variable,
which can then be passed as an argument to other measure
expressions. Once resultant values have been calculated
for a variable expression, those values do not change, even
if the variable is referenced in another expression.
VarName is the name of the variable (identifier).
• Supported character set: a-z, A-Z, 0-9.
• 0-9 are not valid as first character.
• __ (double underscore) is allowed as a prefix. No other
special characters are supported.
• Delimiters are not supported. For example, ‘VarName’ or
[VarName] will result in an error.
• Reserved keywords not allowed.
• Names of existing tables are not allowed.
• Empty spaces are not allowed.

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 Function Notes
Expression is a DAX expression which returns a scalar or
table value.
• Expression can contain another VAR declaration.
When referencing a variable:
• Measures cannot refer to variables defined outside the
measure expression, but can refer to functional scope
variables defined within the expression.
• Variables can refer to measures.
• Variables can refer to previously defined variables.
• Columns in table variables cannot be referenced via
TableName[ColumnName] syntax.

DAX Other Special Functions (X-Functions)

These functions perform specific actions that complement the other DAX functions.
DAX Iterator Functions, called iterators for short, take a column or a table as the argument and
aggregate the values just as aggregation functions—but using a different approach. These are “X-
functions" (i.e., any function that has an X on the end of the name). The iterators given below also
include statistical iterator functions.
DAX also has two financial functions that got added in Excel 2016.
Function Notes
AVERAGEX (table, expression) Calculates the average (arithmetic mean) of a set of
expressions evaluated over a table.
CONCATENATEX (table, expression, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
[delimiter])

Concatenates the result of an expression evaluated for each

row in a table.
COUNTAX (table, expression) The COUNTAX function counts nonblank results when
evaluating the result of an expression over a table.
That is, it works just like the COUNTA function, but is used
to iterate through the rows in a table and count rows where
the specified expressions result in a nonblank result.
COUNTX (table, expression) Counts the number of rows that contain a number or an
expression that evaluates to a number, when evaluating an
expression over a table.
GEOMEANX (table, expression) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the geometric mean of an expression evaluated for
each row in a table.
MAXX (table, expression) Evaluates an expression for each row of a table and returns
the largest numeric value.
MEDIANX (table, expression) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.

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Function Notes
Returns the median of an expression evaluated for each row
in a table.
MINX (table, expression) Returns the smallest numeric value that results from
evaluating an expression for each row of a table.
PERCENTILEX.EXC (table, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
expression, k) Returns the percentile number of an expression evaluated
for each row in a table.
PERCENTILEX.INC (table, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
expression, k) Returns the percentile number of an expression evaluated
for each row in a table.
PRODUCTX (table, expression) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the product of an expression evaluated for each row
in a table.
RANKX (table, expression, [value], Returns the ranking of a number in a list of numbers for each
[order], [ties]) row in the table argument.
STDEVX.P (table, expression) expression is any DAX expression that returns a single
scalar value, where the expression is to be evaluated
multiple times (for each row/context).
SUMX (table, expression) Returns the sum of an expression evaluated for each row in
a table.
VARX.P (table, expression) Returns the variance of the entire population.
VARX.S (table, expression)
Returns the variance of a sample population.

XIRR (table, values, dates, [guess]) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.

Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash
flows that is not necessarily periodic.
XNPV (table, values, dates, rate) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the present value for a schedule of cash flows that
is not necessarily periodic.

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In DAX, there are also some special functions that have a very specific purpose of usability in other
DAX functions only.
Function Notes
IGNORE (expression) IGNORE function does not return a value.
IGNORE can be used as an expression argument to
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS function.
ROLLUPADDISSUBTOTAL ( ROLLUPADDISSUBTOTAL function does not return a
value. It only specifies the set of columns to be
groupBy_columnName,
subtotalled.
isSubtotal_columnName,
ROLLUPADDISSUBTOTAL can be used with
[groupBy_columnName,
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS function.
isSubtotal_columnName] …
)
ROLLUPGROUP (groupBy_columnName, ROLLUPGROUP can only be used as a
groupBy_columnName argument to the
groupBy_columnName)
ROLLUPADDISSUBTOTAL and / or the SUMMARIZE
functions.

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DAX Parent and Child Functions
DAX Parent and Child functions help to manage data that is presented as a parent/child hierarchy in
the data model.
For more information read Understanding Functions for Parent-Child Hierarchies in DAX.

Function Notes
PATH (ID_columnName, Returns a delimited text string with the identifiers of all the
parents of the current identifier, starting with the oldest and
parent_columnName)
continuing until current.
PATHCONTAINS (path, item) Returns TRUE if the specified item exists within the
specified path.
PATHITEM (path, position, [type]) Returns the item at the specified position from a string
resulting from evaluation of a PATH function. Positions are
counted from left to right.
PATHITEMREVERSE (path, position, Returns the item at the specified position from a string
[type]) resulting from evaluation of a PATH function. Positions are
counted backwards from right to left.
PATHLENGTH (path) Returns the number of parents to the specified item in a
given PATH result, including self.

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DAX Query Functions
These DAX functions are helpful in writing queries in DAX. Read about DAX Studio here as a tool to
query your data model. http://exceleratorbi.com.au/getting-started-dax-studio/
Function Notes
ADDCOLUMNS (table, name, Adds calculated columns to the given table or table
expression, expression.
[name, expression]
…
)
CROSSJOIN (table, table, [table] …) Returns a table that contains the Cartesian product of all
rows from all tables in the arguments. The columns in the
new table are all the columns in all the argument tables.
ROW (name, expression, Returns a table with a single row containing values that
[name, expression], result from the expressions given to each column.

…
)
SELECTCOLUMNS (table, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
name, scalar_expression, Adds calculated columns to the given table or table
expression.
[name, scalar_expression],
SELECTCOLUMNS starts with an empty table and that is
…
the only difference between ADDCOLUMNS and
) SELECTCOLUMNS.
SUMMARIZE (table, Returns a table of values for use in a query or inside a
formula that uses a table. If there are relationships between
groupBy_columnName,
tables, always specify the table on the many side of the
[groupBy_columnName] …, relationship as the table parameter. This function is
name, expression, semantically similar to “group by” in SQL.

[name, expression] …)
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS ( New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
groupBy_columnName, Returns a summary table over a set of groups.
[groupBy_columnName] …, A column cannot be specified more than once in the
filterTable, name, expression, groupBy_columnName.
[filterTable], [name, expression], …
)

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DAX Statistical Functions
Following are the DAX Statistical Functions:
Function Notes
BETA.DIST (x, alpha, beta, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
cumulative, [A], [B]) Returns the beta distribution. The beta distribution is
commonly used to study variation in the percentage of
something across samples, such as the fraction of the day
people spend watching television.
BETA.INV (probability, alpha, beta, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
[A], [B] Returns the inverse of the beta cumulative probability density
function (BETA.DIST).
If probability = BETA.DIST(x,...TRUE), then
BETA.INV(probability,...) = x.
CHISQ.INV (probability, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
deg_freedom) Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-
squared distribution.
The chi-squared distribution is commonly used to study
variation in the percentage of something across samples.
CHISQ.INV.RT (probability, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
deg_freedom) Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-
squared distribution.
If probability = CHISQ.DIST.RT(x,...), then
CHISQ.INV.RT(probability,...) = x. Use this function to
compare observed results with expected ones in order to
decide whether your original hypothesis is valid.
CONFIDENCE.NORM (alpha, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
standard_dev, size) The confidence interval is a range of values. Your sample
mean, x, is at the center of this range and the range is x ±
CONFIDENCE.NORM.
CONFIDENCE.T (alpha, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
standard_dev, size) Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a
Student's t distribution.
EXPON.DIST (x, lambda, New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
cumulative) Returns the exponential distribution. Use EXPON.DIST to
model the time between events.
GEOMEAN (column) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the geometric mean of the numbers in a column.
MEDIAN (column) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the median of numbers in a column.

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Function Notes
PERCENTILE.EXC (column, k) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in
the range 0..1, exclusive.
PERCENTILE.INC (column, k) New in Excel 2016/Power BI Desktop.
Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in
the range 0..1, inclusive.
POISSON.DIST (x, mean, Returns the Poisson distribution.
cumulative) A common application of the Poisson distribution is predicting
the number of events over a specific time.
RANK.EQ (value, columnName, Returns the ranking of a number in a list of numbers.
[order])
SAMPLE (n_value, table, Returns a sample of N rows from the specified table.
[orderBy_expression], [order],
[orderBy_expression], [order],
…
)
STDEV.P (ColumnName) Returns the standard deviation of the entire population.
STDEV.S (ColumnName) Returns the standard deviation of a sample population.
VAR.P (columnName) Returns the variance of the entire population.
VAR.S (columnName) Returns the variance of a sample population.

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DAX Text Functions
DAX Text Functions are based on the Excel string functions, but have been modified to work with tables
and columns.
Function Notes
BLANK () Returns a blank.
Blanks are not equivalent to nulls. DAX uses blanks for both
database nulls and for blank cells in Excel.
CODE (text) Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string.
The returned code corresponds to the character set used by
your computer.
CONCATENATE (text1, text2) Joins two text strings into one text string.
If you need to add more than two arguments, use the AND
(&) operator.
EXACT (text1, text2)
Compares two text strings and returns TRUE if they are
exactly the same, FALSE otherwise. EXACT is case-
sensitive but ignores formatting differences.
FIND (find_text, within_text, Returns the starting position of one text string within another
[start_num], [NotFoundValue]) text string. FIND is case-sensitive.
FIXED (number, decimals, Rounds a number to the specified number of decimals and
no_commas) returns the result as text. You can specify that the result be
returned with or without commas.
FORMAT (value, format_string) Converts a value to text according to the specified format.
LEFT (text, num_chars) Returns the specified number of characters from the start of
a text string.
LEN (text) Returns the number of characters in a text string.
LOWER (text) Converts all letters in a text string to lowercase.
MID (text, start_num, num_chars) Returns a string of characters from the middle of a text
string, given a starting position and length.
REPLACE (old_text, start_num, REPLACE replaces part of a text string, based on the
num_chars, new_text) number of characters you specify, with a different text string.
REPT (text, num_times) Repeats text a given number of times. Use REPT to fill a cell
with a number of instances of a text string.
RIGHT (text, num_chars) RIGHT returns the last character or characters in a text
string, based on the number of characters you specify.
SEARCH (find_text, within_text, Returns the number of the character at which a specific
[start_num], [NotFoundValue]) character or text string is first found, reading left to right.
Search function is case insensitive and accent sensitive.
SUBSTITUTE (text, old_text, new_text, Replaces existing text with new text in a text string.
instance_num)

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Function Notes
TRIM (text) Removes all spaces from text except for single spaces
between words.
UPPER (text) Converts a text string to all uppercase letters
VALUE (text) You need not use the VALUE function in a formula because
Power Pivot implicitly converts text to numbers.
The argument text can be a constant or in one of the formats
- number, date or time format. Otherwise, an error is
returned.
You can use a column reference as argument to VALUE
function. E.g., if you have a column that contains mixed
number types, VALUE can be used to convert all values to
a single numeric data type. However, if you use the VALUE
function with a column that contains mixed numbers and
text, the entire column is flagged with an error, because not
all values in all rows can be converted to numbers.

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DAX Time Intelligence Functions
DAX Time Intelligence Functions support the needs of Business Intelligence analysis by enabling you
to manipulate data using time periods, including days, months, quarters and years, and then build and
compare calculations over those periods.
Function Notes
CLOSINGBALANCEMONTH Evaluates the expression at the last date of the month in the
(expression, dates, [filter]) current context.
CLOSINGBALANCEQUARTER Evaluates the expression at the last date of the quarter in
(expression, dates, [filter]) the current context.
CLOSINGBALANCEYEAR Evaluates the expression at the last date of the year in the
(expression, dates, [filter], current context.
[year_end_date])
DATEADD (dates,
number_of_intervals, interval) Returns a table that contains a column of dates, shifted
either forward or backward in time by the specified number
of intervals from the dates in the current context.
DATESBETWEEN (dates, start_date,
end_date) Returns a table that contains a column of dates that begins
with the start_date and continues until the end_date.
DATESINPERIOD (dates, start_date,
number_of_intervals, interval) Returns a table that contains a column of dates that begins
with the start_date and continues for the
specified number_of_intervals.
DATESMTD (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of the dates for the
month to date, in the current context.
DATESQTD (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of the dates for the
quarter to date, in the current context.
DATESYTD (dates, [year_end_date])
Returns a table that contains a column of the dates for the
year to date, in the current context.
ENDOFMONTH (dates)
Returns the last date of the month in the current context for
the specified column of dates.
ENDOFQUARTER (dates)
Returns the last date of the quarter in the current context for
the specified column of dates.
ENDOFYEAR (dates, [year_end_date]) Returns the last date of the year in the current context for
the specified column of dates.

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Function Notes
FIRSTDATE (dates)
Returns the first date in the current context for the specified
column of dates.
FIRSTNONBLANK (column,
expression) Returns the first value in the column, column, filtered by the
current context, where the expression is not blank.
LASTDATE (dates)
Returns the last date in the current context for the specified
column of dates.
LASTNONBLANK (column, expression)
Returns the last value in the column, column, filtered by the
current context, where the expression is not blank.
NEXTDAY (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of all dates from the
next day, based on the first date specified in
the dates column in the current context.
NEXTMONTH (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of all dates from the
next month, based on the first date in the dates column in the
current context.
NEXTQUARTER (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of all dates in the
next quarter, based on the first date specified in
the dates column, in the current context.
NEXTYEAR (dates, [year_end_date])
Returns a table that contains a column of all dates in the
next year, based on the first date in the dates column, in the
current context.
OPENINGBALANCEMONTH Evaluates the expression at the first date of the month in the
(expression, dates, [filter]) current context.
OPENINGBALANCEQUARTER Evaluates the expression at the first date of the quarter in
(expression, dates, [filter]) the current context.
OPENINGBALANCEYEAR Evaluates the expression at the first date of the year in the
(expression, dates, [filter], current context.
[year_end_date])
PARALLELPERIOD (dates,
number_of_intervals, interval) Returns a table that contains a column of dates that
represents a period parallel to the dates in the
specified dates column, in the current context, with the dates

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Function Notes
shifted a number of intervals either forward in time or back
in time.
PREVIOUSDAY (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of all dates
representing the day that is previous to the first date in
the dates column, in the current context.
PREVIOUSMONTH (dates) Returns a table that contains a column of all dates from the
previous month, based on the first date in the dates column,
in the current context.
PREVIOUSQUARTER (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of all dates from the
previous quarter, based on the first date in the dates column,
in the current context.
PREVIOUSYEAR (dates, Returns a table that contains a column of all dates from the
[year_end_date]) previous year, given the last date in the dates column, in the
current context.
SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR (dates)
Returns a table that contains a column of dates shifted one
year back in time from the dates in the
specified dates column, in the current context.
STARTOFMONTH (dates)
Returns the first date of the month in the current context for
the specified column of dates.
STARTOFQUARTER (dates)
Returns the first date of the quarter in the current context for
the specified column of dates.
STARTOFYEAR (dates)
Returns the first date of the year in the current context for
the specified column of dates.
TOTALMTD (expression, dates, [filter]) Evaluates the value of the expression for the month to date,
in the current context.
TOTALQTD (expression, dates, [filter]) Evaluates the value of the expression for the quarter to date,
in the current context.
TOTALYTD (expression, dates, [filter], Evaluates the value of the expression for the year to date,
[year_end_date]) in the current context.

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