Matlab Record

S V UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, TIRUPATI.
____________________________________________________
1.(a). BASIC OPERATIONS ON MATRICES
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program on basic operations of matrices
APPARATUS:
PC loaded with MATLAB 2019
FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

clc clears all input and output from command
clc window display giving a clear screen
Display prompt can be any MATLAB

expression which is evaluated using variable in
input(‘prompt’) current workspace
Display an array without printing the array

disp(x) name. If x is a string, it is displayed
det(A) The function returns the determinant of

square matrix A
inv(A) The function returns the inverse of square

matrix of A. A warning is given if A is a singular
matrix
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a=input('enter matrix a');
Page | 1
____________________________________________________
b=input('enter matrix b');
disp('....');
disp('addition of matrices');
c=a+b
disp('subtraction of matrices:');
d=a-b
disp('multiplication of matrices ');
e=a*b
disp('transpose of matrix b :');
f=b'
disp (' transpose of matrix a:');
g=a'
disp('determinent of matrix a :');
h=det(a)
disp('determinent of matrix b :');
i=det(b)
disp ('inverse of a ');
j=inv(a)
disp('inverse of b')
k=inv(b)
disp('....');
OUTPUT:
enter matrix a[1 2; 3 1]

enter matrix b[3 4;3 2]
....
addition of matrices
c= 4 6
6 3
Page | 2
____________________________________________________
subtraction of matrices:
d = -2 -2
0 -1
multiplication of matrices
e= 9 8
12 14
transpose of matrix b:
f= 3 3
4 2
transpose of matrix a:
g= 1 3
2 1
determinant of matrix a:
h = -5
determinant of matrix b :
i = -6
inverse of a
j = -0.2000 0.4000
0.6000 -0.2000
inverse of b
k = -0.3333 0.6667
0.5000 -0.5000
RESULT:
Thus, the matrix operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose,
determinant and inverse of matrices are successfully executed.
1.(b). FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER

Page | 3
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To find factorial of a given umber using MATLAB
APPARATUS:

It clears the variables in MATLAB
clear all expression, which is in current work space
It clears the diagrams and pictures in the

close all current work space
Factorial(n) for a scalar n is the product of

factorial(n) integer from 1 to n
It is the factorial for a scalar ‘n’ is the

prod(1:a) product of integers from 1 to n
if(condition) This provides a means for structure for

statement 1 choosing one group of commands out of
else two possible
statement 2 groups of execution
Page | 4
____________________________________________________
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
disp('factorial of a given number');
disp('----');
a=input('enter a number');
if(a>=0)
disp('factorial of a given number is:');
disp(prod(1:a));
else
disp('factorial is not possible');
end;
OUTPUT:
enter a number6
factorial of a given number is:
720
RESULT:
Thus, the factorial of the given number is successfully executed.
1.(c). MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES OF A NUMBER
Page | 5
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To find maximum and minimum values in a given set of numbers using MATLAB
APPARATUS:

min(A) Displays the minimum value of ‘a’
max(A) Displays the maximum value of ‘a’
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a = input('enter the values');
c=min(a);
disp('the minimum value of a ');c
d=max(a);
disp('the maximum value of a ');d
OUTPUT:
enter the values [12 13 14]
the minimum value of A is

c = 12
the maximum value of a is

Page | 6
____________________________________________________
d = 14
RESULT:
Thus, a program to find maximum and minimum values of a number is
successfully executed.
1.(d). ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER, SORTTNG OF

GIVEN NUMBER
AIM:
To find the ascending and descending order of a given number
Page | 7
____________________________________________________
APPARATUS:

Arranges the values either in
sort(x) ascending order or descending order
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
a=input('enter the values ');
disp('ascending order of values of a');
z=sort(a)
disp('descending order of values of a');
y=sort(a,'descend')
OUTPUT:
enter the values [5 78 65 43 15]
ascending order of values of a
z = 5 15 43 65 78
descending order of values of a
Page | 8
____________________________________________________
y = 78 65 43 15 5
RESULT:
Thus, to find the ascending and descending order of given numbers was
2.(a). GENERATION OF SIGNALS
AIM:
To generate various signals such as unit step, unit impulse, square , saw tooth,
triangular, sinusoidal and ramp sine function
Page | 9
____________________________________________________
APPARATUS:

subplot(m,n,p) Divides current plane into rectangular
plane an output to current plane on
axis in pth plane of figure divided into
m by n matrix
plot(x,y) It is used to plot x value and y value in

graph
Xlabel(string) Each axis graphics objects can have

one label
For x,y axis, the label appears beneath

Ylabel(string) its respective axis in 2.O plot
title(‘string’) Add title to the axis
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
tmin=-5;dt=0.1;tmax=5;
t=tmin:dt:tmax;
Page | 10
____________________________________________________
x1=1;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(t==0)+x2.*(t~=0);
subplot(3,3,1);plot(t,x);xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
title('unit impulse signal');
x1=1;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(t>=0)+x2.*(t<0);
title('unit step signal');
a=2;
x1=1-abs(t)/a;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(abs(t)<=a)+x2.*(abs(t)>a);
title('triangular signal');
T=5;
f=1/T;
x=sin(2*pi*f*t);
title('sinusoidal signal');
x1=t;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(t>=0)+x2.*(t<0);
title('unit ramp signal');
x=sinc(t);
title('sinc signal');
fs=1000;
t=0:1/fs:1.5;
x=sawtooth(2*pi*100*t);
Page | 11
____________________________________________________
axis([0,0.1,-1,1]);title('sawtooth signal');
t=(0:0.01:1);
sq.wave=square(4*pi*t);
subplot(3,3,8);plot(t,sq.wave);xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
title('square signal');
OUTPUT:
Page | 12
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, the program to generate various signals such as unit step, unit impulse,
square, saw tooth, triangular, sinusoidal, ramp and sinc function is successfully
executed.
2.(b). GENERATION OF SEQUENCES
Page | 13
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To generate various sequence such as unit step, unit impulse, square, triangular,
saw tooth, sinusoidal, ramp and sinc function
APPARATUS:

stem(x,y) Used to plot x,y value graph in
discrete signal
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
nmin=-5;dn=0.5;nmax=5;
n=nmin:dn:nmax;
x1=1;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(n==0)+x2.*(n~=0);
subplot(3,3,1);stem(n,x);xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
title('unit impulse sequence');
x1=1;x2=0;
x=x1.*(n>=0)+x2.*(n<0);
title('unit step sequence');
a=2;
x1=1-abs(n)/a;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(abs(n)<=a)+x2.*(abs(n)>a);
Page | 14
____________________________________________________
title('triangular sequence');
T=5;
f=1/T;
x=sin(2*pi*f*n);
title('sinusoidal sequence');
x1=n;
x2=0;
x=x1.*(n>=0)+x2.*(n<0);
title('unit ramp sequene');
x=sinc(n);
title('sinc sequence');
n=(0:0.1:1);
sq.wave=square(2*pi*2*n);
subplot(3,3,7);stem(n,sq.wave);xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
title('square sequence');
fs=1000;
n=0:1/fs:1.5;
x=sawtooth(2*pi*100*n);
axis([0,0.1,-1,1]);
title('sawtooth sequence');
OUTPUT:
Page | 15
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, the program to generate various sequence such as unit step, unit
impulse, square, triangular, saw tooth, sinusoidal, ramp, sinc function is
Page | 16
____________________________________________________
3.(a). EVEN AND ODD PARTS OF A SIGNAL AND REAL AND
IMAGINARY PARTS SIGNAL IN CONTINUOUS TIME
AIM:
To find even and odd parts of a signal , real and imaginary parts of a signal in
continuous time
APPARATUS:

img(a) It represents the imaginary part of the
signal a
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
tmin=-3;dt=0.1;tmax=3;
t=tmin:dt:tmax;
x1=exp(2*t);
x2=exp(-2*t);
if(x2==x1)
disp('the given signal is even');
elseif(x2==(-x1))
disp('given signal is odd');
else
disp('the given signal is neither even nor odd ');
Page | 17
____________________________________________________
end
xe=(x1+x2)/2;
xo=(x1-x2)/2;
y=xe+xo;
ymin=min([min(x1),min(x2),min(xe),min(xo)]);
ymax=max([max(x1),max(x2),max(xe),max(xo)]);
subplot(3,3,1);
plot(t,x1);
axis([tmin tmax ymin ymax]);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('x1(t)');
title('signalx(t)');
subplot(3,3,2);
plot(t,x2);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('x2(t)');
subplot(3,3,3);
plot(t,xe);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('xe(t)');
subplot(3,3,4);
plot(t,xo);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('xo(t)');
subplot(3,3,5);
plot(t,y);
Page | 18
____________________________________________________
xlabel('t');
ylabel('y(t)');
title('sum of even and odd');
subplot(3,3,6);
plot(t,real(x1));
xlabel('t');
ylabel('real(x1)');
title('real part of x1(t)');
subplot(3,3,7);
plot(t,imag(x1));
xlabel('t');
ylabel('imag(x1)');
title('imaginary part of x1(t)');
Page | 19
____________________________________________________
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, even and odd parts of a signal, real and imaginary parts of signal in
continuous time is successfully executed.
3.(b). EVEN AND ODD PARTS OF A SIGNAL AND REAL AND

IMAGINARY PARTS OF A SIGNAL IN DISCRTE TIME
Page | 20
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To find even and odd parts of a signal, real and imaginary parts of signal in
discrete time
APPARATUS:

end It terminates block of code
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
nmin=-3;nmax=3;dn=0.5;
n=nmin:dn:nmax;
x1=exp(2*n);
x2=exp(-2*n);
if(x2==x1)
disp('even');
else if(x2==(-x1))
disp('odd');
else
disp('neither even nor odd');
end
end
xe=(x1+x2)/2;
xo=(x1-x2)/2;
y=xe+xo;
Page | 21
____________________________________________________
ymin=min([min(x1),min(x2),min(xe),min(xo)]);
ymax=max([max(x1),max(x2),max(xe),max(xo)]);
subplot(3,3,1);
stem(n,x1);
axis([nmin nmax ymin ymax]);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x1(n)');
title('signal x(n)');
subplot(3,3,2);
stem(n,x2);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x2(n)');
title('signal x(-n)');
subplot(3,3,3);
stem(n,xe);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('xe(n)');
title('even part of x(n)');
subplot(3,3,4);
stem(n,xo);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('xo(n)');
title('odd part of x(n)');

subplot(3,3,5);
stem(n,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('sum of even and odd');
subplot(3,3,6);
Page | 22
____________________________________________________
stem(n,real(x1));
xlabel('n');
ylabel('real(x1)');
title('real part of x1(n)');
subplot(3,3,7);
stem(n,imag(x1));
xlabel('n');
ylabel('imag(x1)');
title('imaginary part of x1(n)');
OUTPUT:
Page | 23
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, even and odd parts of signal, real and imaginary parts of signal is
executed successfully.
4. OPERATIONS ON SIGNALS AND SEQUENCES
AIM:
Page | 24
____________________________________________________
To write a MATLAB program to generate operations on signals and sequence
APPARATUS:

stem(x,y) Used to plot x, y value graph in
discrete signal
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
% continous signal
t=0:pi/100:2*pi;
x1=sin(t);
subplot(4,4,1);
plot(t,x1);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('sin(t)');
title('plot the sine function');
x2=cos(t);
subplot(4,4,2);
plot(t,x2);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('cos(t)');
title('plot the cosine function');
Page | 25
____________________________________________________
x=x1+x2;
subplot(4,4,3);
plot(t,x);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('additon of signals');
title('plot the additon of signals ');
x3=x1.*x2;
subplot(4,4,4);
plot(t,x3);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('multiplication of signals');
title('plot the multiplication of signals ');
x4=4*x1;
subplot(4,4,5);
plot(t,x4);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('scaling of signal');
title('plot the scaling of signal');
subplot(4,4,6);
plot(t-2,x1);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('time shifting of signal');

title('plot the time shifting of signal');
x5=-x1;
subplot(4,4,7);
plot(-t,x5);
grid on
xlabel('t');
Page | 26
____________________________________________________
ylabel('time folding of signal');
title('plot the time folding of signal');
x6=x1.^2;
x7=trapz(x6);
subplot(4,4,8);
plot(t,x6);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('energy');
title('plot the energy of signal');
x8=x7%t;
subplot(4,4,9);
plot(t,x8);
grid on
xlabel('t');
ylabel('power');
title('plot the power of signal');
% discrete signal
a1=0:2:10;b1=[0,1,2,3,4,5];
subplot(4,4,10);
stem(b1);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('plot the discrete signal');
b2=[0,1,2,3,4,5];
subplot(4,4,11);
stem(b2);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('plot the discrete signal');
Page | 27
____________________________________________________
b3=b1+b2;
subplot(4,4,12);
stem(b3);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('addition');
title('plot the addition of discrete signal');
b4=b1.*b2;
subplot(4,4,13);
stem(b4);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('multiplication');
title('plot the multiplication of discrete signal');
b5=2*b1;
subplot(4,4,14);
stem(b5);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('scaling');
title('plot the scaling of discrete signal');
subplot(4,4,15);
stem(a1-1,b1);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('shifting');
title('plot the shifting of discrete signal');
b6=-b1;
subplot(4,4,16);
stem(b6);
grid on
xlabel('n');
ylabel('folding');
title('plot the folding of discrete signal');
Page | 28
____________________________________________________
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, a program to generate operations on signals and sequence is executed
successfully.
5.FINDING FOURIER TRANSFORM OF SIGNAL AND PLOT ITS
MAGNITUDE AND PHASE RESPONSE
AIM:
Page | 29
____________________________________________________
To write a MATLAB program to find the Fourier transform for a signal and plot
its magnitude and signal
APPARATUS:

It gives the fourier transform for the
fourier(x) given signal x(t)
It indicates magnitude spectrum and

abs(x) & atan (img(y)/real of (y)) phase response of fourier transform
of signal x(t)
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
Xn=[1 1 1];
N=50;
Xk=fft(Xn,N);
magXk=abs(Xk);
angXk=angle(Xk);
k=0:N-1;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(k,magXk);
xlabel('k');
ylabel('|X(k)|');
Page | 30
____________________________________________________
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(k,angXk);
xlabel('k');
ylabel('arg(X(k))');
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, a MATLAB program for Fourier transform of a signal and its magnitude
and phase response is executed successfully.
6.(a).TO VERIFY LINEARITY PROPERTY OF A SYSTEM

(DISCRETE SEQUENCE)
AIM:
Page | 31
____________________________________________________
To write a MATLAB program to verify the given systems is linear or non linear
system
APPARATUS:

conv(h) It indicates the convolution between
the two signals x and h
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
x1=input('type the samples of x1');
x2=input('type the samples of x2');
if(length(x1)~=length(x2))
disp('error=length of x1 and x2 are different');
return;
end;
h=input('type the samples of h[n]');
w=length(x1)+length(h)-1;
disp('length of output signal will be');
disp(w);
a1=input('the scale factor a1 is');

a2=input('the scale factor a2 is');
x=a1*x1+a2*x2;
y01=conv(x,h);
y1=conv(x1,h);
%scaled response of x1
Page | 32
____________________________________________________
y13=a1*y1;
y2=conv(x2,h);
%scaled response of x2
y23=a2*y2;
y2=conv(x2,h);
y02=y13+y23;
disp('output sequence y01 is');
disp(y01);
disp('output sequence y02 is');
disp(y02);
if(y01==y02)
disp('the system is linear');
else
disp('the system is non linear');
end;
OUTPUT:
type the samples of x1 [5 3 7]
type the samples of x2[2 1 8]
type the samples of h[n] [8 6]
length of output signal will be
4
the scale factor a1 is2

the scale factor a2 is 3
output sequence y01 is
128 168 358 228
output sequence y02 is

128 168 358 228
the system is linear

Page | 33
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, a program to find the MATLAB program to verify linearity property of a
system is executed successfully.
6.(b).TO VERIFY TIME INVARIANCE PROPERTY OF A SYSTEM
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to verify the system is time invariant or time
variant.
APPARATUS:
Page | 34
____________________________________________________
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter the sequence x[n]');
h=input('enter the sequence h[n]');
d=input ('enter the positive number for delay d=');
xdn=[zeros(1,d),x];
yn=conv(xdn,h);
y=conv(x,h);
ydn=[zeros(1,d),y];
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(0:length(x)-1,x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('the sequence of x[n]');
subplot(2,1,2);stem(0:length(xdn)-1,xdn);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('the delayed sequence of x[n]');figure;
subplot(2,1,1);stem(0:length(yn)-1,yn);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('the response of the system to the delayed sequence of x[n]');
figure;
subplot(2,1,2);stem(0:length(ydn)-1,ydn);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('the delayed output sequence is')
Page | 35
____________________________________________________
if(yn==ydn)
disp ('the given system is a time invariant system');
else
disp('the given system is a time variant system');
end;
OUTPUT:
enter the sequence x[n][1 2 3]

enter the sequence h[n] [2 2 1]
enter the positive number for delay d=2
the given system is a time invariant system
Page | 36
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, the MATLAB program to verify the time invariant property of a system is
Page | 37
____________________________________________________
7.COMPUTATION OF UNIT STEP SAMPLE, UNIT STEP RESPONSE
AND SINUSOIDAL RESPONSE OF GIVEN SYSTEM
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program for computation of unit sample, unit step
response and sinusoidal responses of the given LTI system and verify its physical
realizability and stability properties.
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
b=[1 1 1];
a=[1 -1 0.9];
n=0:5:30;
x1=(n==0);
h1=filter(b,a,x1);
subplot(3,1,1);stem(n,h1);xlabel('n');ylabel('h(n)');title('impulse response');
x2=(n>0);
s=filter(b,a,x2);
subplot(3,1,2);stem(n,s);xlabel('n');ylabel('s(n)');title('step response');
t=0:0.5:3*pi;
x3=cos(t);
h=filter(b,a,x3);
subplot(3,1,3);stem(x3,h);xlabel('n');ylabel('n(s)');title('sinusoidal response');
figure;
zplane(b,a);
Page | 38
____________________________________________________
OUTPUT:
Page | 39
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, the MATLAB program for computation of unit sample, unit step and
sinusoidal response of a given system is successfully executed.
8.(a). CONVOLUTION BETWEEN SEQUENCES

Page | 40
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to find convolution between sequences:
APPARATUS:

conv(x,y) It is the convolution of two signals or
sequences
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter input sequence');
h=input('enter impulse response');
y=conv(x,h);
subplot(3,1,1);stem(x);xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)');title('input sequence');
subplot(3,1,2);stem(h);xlabel('n');ylabel('h(n)');title('impulse response');
subplot(3,1,3);stem(y);xlabel('n');ylabel('y(n)');title('covolution');
INPUT:
enter input sequence[1 1 1]

enter impulse response[6 6 6]
OUTPUT:
Page | 41
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
The MATLAB program for convolution between sequence is successfully
executed.
8.(b). CONVOLUTION BETWEEN SIGNALS
Page | 42
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to find the convolution between the signals
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
t=0:0.1:10;
x1=exp(-t);
h1=exp(2*t);
y1=conv(x1,h1);
figure;
subplot(3,1,1);plot(t,x1);xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');title('input signal');
subplot(3,1,2);plot(t,h1);xlabel('t');ylabel('h(t)');title('impulse signal');
subplot(3,1,3);plot(y1);xlabel('t');ylabel('y(t)');title('convolution');
OUTPUT:
Page | 43
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
The MATLAB program for convolution between signals is executed successfully.
9.(a). AUTO AND CROSS CORRELATION BETWEEN SEQUENCE
Page | 44
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program on auto correction and cross relation between
sequences
APPARATUS:

corr(x,y) It is the correlation of two signals and
sequences i.e x and y
corr(x,x) It is the auto correlation of the same
two signals and sequences
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
x=input('enter input sequence');
h=input('enter impulse response');
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('input sequence');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(h);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('input response');
Page | 45
____________________________________________________
y=xcorr(x,h);
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('cross correlation of sequences');
z=xcorr(x,x);
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(z);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('z(n)');
title('auto correlation of sequences');
INPUT:
enter input sequence[3 3 3]

enter impulse response[6 6 6]
OUTPUT:
Page | 46
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, the MATLAB program to find cross and auto correlation of sequences is
9.(b). AUTO AND CROSS CORRELATION OF SIGNALS
AIM:
Page | 47
____________________________________________________
To write a MATLAB program to find the cross correlation and auto correlation
of signals
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
t=0:0.2:10;
x1=exp(+t);
h1=exp(2*t);
subplot(3,2,1);
plot(t,x1);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)');
title('input signal');
subplot(3,2,2);
plot(t,h1);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('h(t)');
title('impulse response');
y=xcorr(x1,h1);
subplot(3,2,3);
plot(y);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('y(t)');
title('cross correlation of signals');
z=xcorr(x1,x1);
subplot(3,2,4);
plot(z);
xlabel('t');
Page | 48
____________________________________________________
ylabel('z(t)');
title('auto correlation of signals');
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
The program to find the cross relation and auto correlation of signal is
10.(a). LOCATION OF POLES AND ZEROES ON S-PLANE
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to find the poles and zeroes of s plane
Page | 49
____________________________________________________
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
num=input('enter the numerator coefficients');
den=input('enter the denominator coefficients');
H=tf(num,den);
poles=roots(den)
zeros=roots(num)
sgrid
pzmap(H)
grid on
title('pole/zero of complex poles and zeros in s plane');
INPUT:
enter the numerator coefficiens[1 1 1]

enter the denominator coefficients[1 17 16 12]
H = s^2 + s + 1
------------------------
s^3 + 17 s^2 + 16 s + 12
Continuous-time transfer function
poles = -16.0497 + 0.0000i

-0.4752 + 0.7224i
Page | 50
____________________________________________________
-0.4752 - 0.7224i
zeros = -0.5000 + 0.8660i

-0.5000 - 0.8660i
RESULT:
The program to find the poles and zeroes in s plane is successfully executed.
10.(b). LOCATION OF POLES AND ZEROES IN Z-PLANE
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to find the poles and zeroes in z plane
Page | 51
____________________________________________________
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
num=input('enter the numerator coefficients');
den=input('enter the denominator coefficients');
p=roots(den)
z=roots(num)
zplane(z,p);
title('pole/zero plot for complex poles and zeros in zplane')
INPUT:
enter the numerator coefficients[1 2 5]

enter the denominator coefficients[1 6 11 6]
p=
-3.0000
-2.0000
-1.0000
z=
-1.0000 + 2.0000i
-1.0000 - 2.0000i
OUTPUT:
Page | 52
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
The program to find the poles and zeroes in z plane is successfully executed.
Page | 53
____________________________________________________
11.SAMPLING A BAND LIMITED CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNAL
AIM:
To write a program to sample a band limited continuous time signal
(a) Nyquist rate
(b)Twice the Nyquist rate
(c)Half the Nyquist rate and fixed effect in each others
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
t=0:0.001:0.1;
fm=input('enter input frequency');
y=2*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
fs=input('enter sampling frequency');
ts=(1/fs);
tx=0:ts:0.1;
ys=2*cos(2*pi*fm*tx);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('t-->');
ylabel('amp-->');
title('input signal');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(tx,ys);
xlabel('t-->');
Page | 54
____________________________________________________
ylabel('amp-->');
title('sampled signal');
x=abs(fft(y,100));
subplot(2,2,3);
k=0:length(y)-1;
stem(x)
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel('amp-->');
title('spectrum of input signal');
p=abs(fft(ys,100));
k1=0:length(ys)-1;
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(p);
xlabel('freq-->');
ylabel('amp-->');
title('spectrum of sampled signal');
OUTPUT:
Enter input frequency 100

Enter sampling frequency 0.1
Page | 55
____________________________________________________
Page | 56
____________________________________________________
Page | 57
____________________________________________________
RESULT:
Thus, the band signal is sample at different Nyquist rates
Page | 58
____________________________________________________
12.(a). LOW PASS FILTER
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to plot magnitude and the phase plots of
butterworth low pass and high pass filters
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
%LPF
clc;
clear all;
close all;
rp=0.2;
rs=20;
fp=200;
fs=600;
f=2000;
wp=2*(fp/f);
ws=2*(fs/f);
[n,wn]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
[h,w]=freqz(b,a);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(w/pi,20*log(abs(h)));
grid;
xlabel('nf');
ylabel('mag');
title('mag response');
Page | 59
____________________________________________________
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w/pi,angle(h));
grid;
xlabel('nf');
ylabel('angle');
title('phase response');
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, magnitude and phase plots of butterworth low pass filters are plotted
successfully using MATLAB program.
12.(b). HIGH PASS FILTER
Page | 60
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to plot magnitude and phase plots of butterworth
high pass filter
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
%HPF
clc;
clear all;
close all;
rp=0.2;
rs=20;
fp=200;
fs=600;
f=2000;
wp=2*(fp/f);
ws=2*(fs/f);
[n,wn]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high');
[h,w]=freqz(b,a);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(w/pi,20*log(abs(h)));
grid;
xlabel('nf');
ylabel('mag');
title('mag response');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w/pi,angle(h));
grid;
Page | 61
____________________________________________________
xlabel('nf');
ylabel('angle');
title('phase response');
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, magnitude and phase plots of butterworth high pass filter are plotted
successfully.
13.ESTIMATION OF PSD
Page | 62
____________________________________________________
AIM:
To write a MATLAB code to find the estimation of Power spectral density
APPARATUS:
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
t=0:0.001:0.6;
x=sin(2*pi*50*t)+sin(2*pi*120*t);
y=x+2*randn(size(t));
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(1000*t(1:50),y(1:50));
title('signal corrupted with zero mean random noise');
y=fft(y,512);
pyy=y.*conj( y)/512;
f=1000*(0:256)/512;
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f,pyy(1:257));
title('frequency constent of y');
INPUT:
Enter filter coefficients:[3 4 5]

Enter the input sequence:[4 5 6]
Enter decimation factor:[2]
Coefficient of decimation analysis filter is:
6.6667+0.0000i , -3.3333+5.7735i
Page | 63
____________________________________________________
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, a program for estimation of power spectral density is successfully

executed.
Page | 64

Matlab Record

Uploaded by

Matlab Record

Uploaded by

S V UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, TIRUPATI.

To write a MATLAB program on basic operations of matrices

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

Display prompt can be any MATLAB

Display an array without printing the array

det(A) The function returns the determinant of

inv(A) The function returns the inverse of square

enter matrix a[1 2; 3 1]

1.(b). FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER

To find factorial of a given umber using MATLAB

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

It clears the diagrams and pictures in the

Factorial(n) for a scalar n is the product of

It is the factorial for a scalar ‘n’ is the

if(condition) This provides a means for structure for

disp('factorial of a given number');

1.(c). MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES OF A NUMBER

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

max(A) Displays the maximum value of ‘a’

enter the values [12 13 14]

the minimum value of A is

the maximum value of a is

1.(d). ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER, SORTTNG OF

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

enter the values [5 78 65 43 15]

ascending order of values of a

descending order of values of a

2.(a). GENERATION OF SIGNALS

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

plot(x,y) It is used to plot x value and y value in

Xlabel(string) Each axis graphics objects can have

For x,y axis, the label appears beneath

title(‘string’) Add title to the axis

2.(b). GENERATION OF SEQUENCES

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

disp('the given signal is neither even nor odd ');

3.(b). EVEN AND ODD PARTS OF A SIGNAL AND REAL AND

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

title('odd part of x(n)');

4. OPERATIONS ON SIGNALS AND SEQUENCES

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

ylabel('time shifting of signal');

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

It indicates magnitude spectrum and

6.(a).TO VERIFY LINEARITY PROPERTY OF A SYSTEM

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

a1=input('the scale factor a1 is');

the scale factor a1 is2

output sequence y02 is

the system is linear

6.(b).TO VERIFY TIME INVARIANCE PROPERTY OF A SYSTEM

enter the sequence x[n][1 2 3]

the given system is a time invariant system

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

8.(a). CONVOLUTION BETWEEN SEQUENCES

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

enter input sequence[1 1 1]

8.(b). CONVOLUTION BETWEEN SIGNALS

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

9.(a). AUTO AND CROSS CORRELATION BETWEEN SEQUENCE

PC loaded with MATLAB 2019

FUNCTION AND SYNTAX DESCRIPTION

enter input sequence[3 3 3]