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This document contains a lab manual for computer graphics with 9 practical assignments on various graphics algorithms. Each practical contains the program code in C to implement an algorithm like DDA line drawing, Bresenham's line algorithm, midpoint circle algorithm, and transformations like translation, rotation, scaling and reflection on shapes. The programs take input coordinates, parameters and output the graphics results.

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86 views27 pages

PDF Computer Graphics Practical Manualdocx

This document contains a lab manual for computer graphics with 9 practical assignments on various graphics algorithms. Each practical contains the program code in C to implement an algorithm like DDA line drawing, Bresenham's line algorithm, midpoint circle algorithm, and transformations like translation, rotation, scaling and reflection on shapes. The programs take input coordinates, parameters and output the graphics results.

Uploaded by

Gaurav Dhawas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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COMPUTER

GRAPHICS
Lab Manual

By-

Raj Ankur

Singh
S.No. Practical Date
PRACTICAL 1
Write a program in C to implement DDA Algorithm.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,length;
int gm,gd=DETECT,i;
printf("enter the value of x1:\t");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("enter the value of y1:\t");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("enter the value of x2:\t");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("enter the value of y2:\t");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx>=dy)
{
length=dx;
}
else
{
length=dy;
}
dx=(x2-x1)/length;
dy=(y2-y1)/length;
x=x1+0.5;
y=y1+0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=length)
{
putpixel(x,y,15);
x=x+dx;
y=y+dy;
i=i+1;
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 2
Write a program in C to implement Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm.

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
clrscr();
float x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,p;
int gm,gd=DETECT,i=1;
printf("Enter The Value of x1:");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("Enter The Value of y1: ");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("Enter The Value of x2: ");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("Enter The Value of y2: ");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
p=((2*dy)-dx);
while(i<=dx)
{
putpixel(x1,x2,15);
if(p<0)
{
++x1;
p=p+(2*dy);
}
else
{
++x1;
++y1;
p=p+(2*dy)-(2*dx);
}

i=i+1;
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 3
Write a program in C to implement Mid-Point Circle Algorithm.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{ float x,y,r,p;
int gm,gd=DETECT;
printf("Enter the radius: ");
scanf("%f",&r);
x=0;
y=r;
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
p=1-r;
do
{
putpixel(200+x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200+y,200+x,15);
putpixel(200+x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200+y,200-x,15);
putpixel(200-x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200-y,200-x,15);
putpixel(200-x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200-y,200+x,15);

if(p<0)
{
++x;
p=p+(2*x)+1;
}
else
{
++x;
--y;
p=p+(2*x)-(2*y)+1;
}
delay(100);
}while(x<y);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 4

Write a program in C to implement Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm to


rasterize the line.

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
clrscr();
float x1,y1,x2,y2,x,y,dx,dy,e;
int gm,gd=DETECT,i=1;
printf("Enter The Value of x1:");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("Enter The Value of y1: ");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("Enter The Value of x2: ");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("Enter The Value of y2: ");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
e=((2*dy)-dx);
x=x1;
y=y1;
while(i<=dx)
{
putpixel(x,y,15);
while(e>=0)
{
++y;
e=e-(2*dx);
}
++x;
e=e+(2*dy);
i=i+1;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 5

Write a program in C to implement Mid-Point Ellipse Algorithm.


#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{ int gm,gd=DETECT;
int Rx,Ry,P10,x,y,a,b,P20;
printf("Enter Value of Rx and Ry: ");
scanf("%d %d",&Rx,&Ry);
x=0;
y=Ry;
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
P10=(Ry*Ry)-(Rx*Rx)-(Rx*Rx*Ry)+(0.25*Rx*Rx);
do
{
putpixel(200+x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200+x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200-y,15);
a=(2*Ry*Ry*x)+(2*Ry*Ry);
b=(2*Rx*Rx*y)+(2*Rx*Rx);
if(P10<0)
{
x++; P10=P10+a+
(Ry*Ry);
}
else
{
x++;
y--;
P10=P10+a+(Ry*Ry)-b;
}
delay(100);
}while(a>b);
P20=((Ry*Ry)*((x+0.5)*(x+0.5)))+((Rx*Rx)*((y-1)*(y-1)))-((Rx*Rx)*(Ry*Ry));
a=(2*Ry*Ry*x)+(2*Ry*Ry);
b=(2*Rx*Rx*y)+(2*Rx*Rx);
do
{
putpixel(200+x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200+x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200-y,15);
a=(2*Ry*Ry*x)+(2*Ry*Ry);
b=(2*Rx*Rx*y)+(2*Rx*Rx);
if(P20>0)
{
y--;
P20=P20-b+(Rx*Rx);
}
else
{
x++;
y--;
P20=P20-b+a+(Rx*Rx);
}
delay(100);
}while(y>0);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 6
Write a program in C to perform translation on a triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm,ch;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,tx,ty;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: "); scanf("%d%d%d%d%d
%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the translation factors: ");
scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
x1=x1+tx;
y1=y1+ty;
x2=x2+tx;
y2=y2+ty;
x3=x3+tx;
y3=y3+ty;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getche();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the translation factors: 45 78


PRACTICAL 7
Write a program in C to perform rotation on a triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{ int gd=DETECT, gm,ch;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,tx,ty;
float rangle;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: "); scanf("%d%d%d%d%d
%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the rotation angle:");
scanf("%f",&rangle);
rangle=(rangle*3.14)/180;
x1=x1*cos(rangle)-y1*sin(rangle);
y1=x1*sin(rangle)+y1*cos(rangle);
x2=x2*cos(rangle)-y2*sin(rangle);
y2=x2*sin(rangle)+y2*cos(rangle);
x3=x3*cos(rangle)-y3*sin(rangle);
y3=x3*sin(rangle)+y3*cos(rangle);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getche();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the rotation angle: 10


PRACTICAL 8
Write a program in C to perform scaling on a triangle.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,sx,sy;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: ");
scanf("%d %d %d %d %d %d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the scaling factors: ");
scanf("%d %d",&sx,&sy);
x1=x1*sx;
y1=y1*sy;
x2=x2*sx;
y2=y2*sy;
x3=x3*sx;
y3=y3*sy;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the scaling factors: 2 2


PRACTICAL 9
Write a program in C to perform Reflection on a triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm,ch;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,x11,x22,x33,y11,y22,y33;
float angle;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: "); scanf("%d%d%d%d%d
%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the axis of reflection: ");
printf("\n1:about x-axis"); printf("\
n2:about y-axis\n"); scanf("%d",&ch);
cleardevice();
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
if(ch==1)
{
x11=x1;
y11=180-y1;
x22=x2;
y22=180-y2;
x33=x3;
y33=180-y3;
}
if(ch==2)
{
x11=180-x1;
y11=y1;
x22=180-x2;
y22=y2;
x33=180-x3;
y33=y3;
}
gotoxy(1,24);
line(x11,y11,x22,y22);
line(x22,y22,x33,y33);
line(x33,y33,x11,y11);
getche();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the axis of reflection:


1: about x-axis
2: about y-axis
1
Enter the axis of reflection:
1: about x-axis
2: about y-axis
2

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