OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS

TYPES

Himnish Sharma

03/09/2022
—
Operating system & its types
—
Roopal Agarwal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special

thanks of gratitude to my teacher
Ms Roopal Agarwal as well as our
principal Ms Kriti Tandon who
gave me the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the
topic ‘operating system & its
types’, which also helped me in
doing a lot of research and I came
to know about so many new things
I am thankful to them.

I am making this project not only

for marks but to also increase my
knowledge.

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 2

 Table of contents

1. Operating system………………………………………………….. 4
-What is an operating system?
-Why need an operating system?

2. Types of operating systems………………………………………. 5

- Real-time operating system
- Single user, Single task operating system
- Multiprocessing operating system
- Single-user, Multitasking operating system
- Time-sharing operating system

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 3

 OPERATING SYSTEM

WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

All PCs, laptops, tablets, e-book readers, DVRs, smartphones, and

servers require an operating system (OS). The operating system is the
most important program that runs on your computer. The operating
system is the first thing loaded onto the computer. Operating systems
perform all sorts of tasks from basic to complex, such as recognizing
input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping
track of files and directories on the storage drives, preparing the
foundation of an application program and controlling peripheral
devices, such as printers.

WHY NEED AN OPERATING SYSTEM?

An operating system is a program clicking at the objects that appear

that is loaded by the boot program on the screen.
into the computer. OS manages
all the other programs in a All I want to say with this is that
computer. It is an interaction the operating system connects all
between the hardware the connected devices and
components and the user. The instructs them on how to operate
operating system manages all and interact.
hardware resources such as input,
output, network, and storage
devices. A user can interact with
the operating system through a
set of commands. For example, in
DOS operating system, users have
to type commands for performing
some action. While in a graphical
user interface, the user has to give
commands by pointing and

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 4

 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Now that we know what an operating system is, it’s worth knowing its
types too.

REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for

real-time applications that process data and events that have critically
defined time constraints. A RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing
operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system
resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in
a multitasking or multiprogramming environment. Processing time
requirements need to be fully understood and bound rather than just
kept to a minimum. All processing must occur within the defined
constraints. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and
preemptive, meaning the OS is capable of monitoring the relevant
priority of competing tasks and making changes to the task priority.
Event-driven systems switch between tasks based on their priorities,
while time-sharing systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.
An RTOS has an advanced algorithm for scheduling. Scheduler
flexibility enables a wider, computer-system orchestration of process
priorities, but a real-time OS is more frequently dedicated to a narrow
set of applications. Key factors in a real-time OS are minimal
interrupt latency and minimal thread switching latency; a real-time
OS is valued more for how quickly or how predictably it can respond
than for the amount of work it can perform in a given period.

SINGLE USER, SINGLE TASK OPERATING SYSTEM

A single-user operating system is a type of operating system

developed and intended for use on a computer or similar machine
that will only have a single user at any given time. This type of OS is
typically used on devices like wireless phones and two-way messaging
devices.

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 5

The operating system is responsible for handling many different tasks
and is typically one of the most important programs used on a
computer. It manages memory usage and other resources, hardware
connectivity and the proper execution of other applications.

MULTIPROCESSOR OPERATING SYSTEM

In operating systems, to improve the performance of more than one

CPU can be used within one computer system called Multiprocessor
operating system.

Multiple CPUs are interconnected so that a job can be divided among

them for faster execution. When a job finishes, results from all CPUs
are collected and compiled to give the final output. Jobs needed to
share main memory and they may also share other system resources
among themselves. Multiple CPUs can also be used to run multiple
jobs simultaneously.

For Example, the UNIX Operating system is one of the most widely
used multiprocessing systems.

SINGLE-USER, MULTI-TASKING OPERATING SYSTEM

A single-user multitasking operating system is an operating system

that allows a single user to simultaneously run multiple applications
on a computer. This type of operating system is found in personal
desktop and laptop computers. The most popular single-user
multitasking operating systems include Microsoft Windows and
Macintosh

Computer multitasking is a method by which multiple tasks or

processes share common processing resources such as the central
processing unit. Multitasking can be pre-emptive or cooperative. In
pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system shares the central
processing time by dedicating a single slot to each of the programs.
Cooperative multitasking is attained by relying on each process to
give time to other processes in a defined manner.

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 6

TIME-SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM
Time-Sharing Operating Systems is one of the important types of the
operating system.
Time-sharing enables many people, located at various terminals, to
use a particular computer system at the same time. Multitasking or
Time-Sharing Systems is a logical extension of multiprogramming. A
processor’s time shared among multiple users simultaneously is
termed time-sharing.

The main difference between Time-Sharing Systems and Multi

programmed Batch Systems is that in the case of Multi programmed
batch systems, the objective is to maximize processor use, whereas, in
Time-Sharing Systems, the objective is to minimize response time.

Multiple jobs are implemented by the CPU by switching between

them, but the switches occur so frequently. So, the user can receive an
immediate response. For example, in transaction processing, the
processor executes each user program in a short burst or quantum of
computation, i.e.; if n users are present, then each user can get a time
quantum. Whenever the user submits the command, the response
time is in a few seconds at most.

An operating system uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to

provide each user with a small portion of the time. Computer systems
which were designed primarily as batch systems have been modified
into time-sharing systems.

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 7

THANKS FOR
READING

OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES PAGE 8