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C++ has several fundamental data types that determine the type and size of variables: 1. int stores integers and is usually 4 bytes. float and double store decimals and are 4 and 8 bytes respectively. 2. char stores characters and is 1 byte. wchar_t is similar but 2 bytes for non-English characters. 3. bool has two values: true or false. void indicates no data type. Data types can be modified with signed, unsigned, short, and long to change their ranges and sizes.

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16 views

Assignment

C++ has several fundamental data types that determine the type and size of variables: 1. int stores integers and is usually 4 bytes. float and double store decimals and are 4 and 8 bytes respectively. 2. char stores characters and is 1 byte. wchar_t is similar but 2 bytes for non-English characters. 3. bool has two values: true or false. void indicates no data type. Data types can be modified with signed, unsigned, short, and long to change their ranges and sizes.

Uploaded by

missunique52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Macasing, John Rey G.

Block: CHS – 2B

C++ Data Types


In C++, data types are declarations for variables. This determines the type
and size of data associated with variables. For example,

int age = 13;

Here, age is a variable of type int . Meaning, the variable can only store
integers of either 2 or 4 bytes.

C++ Fundamental Data Types

The table below shows the fundamental data types, their meaning, and their
sizes (in bytes):

Data Type Meaning Size ( in Bytes )


int Integer 2 or 4
float Floating-point 4

double Double Floating-point 8


char Character 1

wchar_t Wide Character 2


bool Boolean 1

void Empty 0
1. C++ int.
 The int keyword is used to indicate integers.
 Its size is usually 4 bytes. Meaning, it can store values from -2147483648 to
2147483647.
 For example,

 int salary = 85000;

2. C++ float and double


 float and double are used to store floating-point numbers (decimals and
exponentials).
 The size of float is 4 bytes and the size of double is 8 bytes.
Hence, double has two times the precision of float. To learn more, visit C++
float and double.
 For example,

 float area = 64.74;


 double volume = 134.64534;

As mentioned above, these two data types are also used for exponentials. For
example,

double distance = 45E12 // 45E12 is equal to 45*10^12

3. C++ char
 Keyword char is used for characters.
 Its size is 1 byte.

 Characters in C++ are enclosed inside single quotes ' '.


 For example,

 char test = 'h';

Note: In C++, an integer value is stored in a char variable rather than the
character itself.

4. C++ wchar_t
 Wide character wchar_t is similar to the char data type, except its size is 2
bytes instead of 1.
 It is used to represent characters that require more memory to represent them
than a single char .

 For example,

wchar_t test = L'‫'ם‬ // storing Hebrew character;

Notice the letter L before the quotation marks.

Note: There are also two other fixed-size character


types char16_t and char32_t introduced in C++11.

5. C++ bool
 The bool data type has one of two possible values: true or false .

 Booleans are used in conditional statements and loops (which we will learn in
later chapters).

 For example,

bool cond = false;


6. C++ void
 The void keyword indicates an absence of data. It means "nothing" or "no
value".
 We will use void when we learn about functions and pointers.

Note: We cannot declare variables of the void type.

C++ Type Modifiers


We can further modify some of the fundamental data types by using type
modifiers. There are 4 type modifiers in C++. They are:

1. signed
2. unsigned
3. short
4. long
We can modify the following data types with the above modifiers:

 int
 double
 char
C++ Modified Data Types List
Data Type Size (in Bytes) Meaning

signed int 4 used for integers (equivalent to int)

signed int 4 can only store positive integers

short 2 used for small integers (range -32768


to 32767)

unsigned short 2 used for small positive integers (range


0 to 65,535)

long at least 4 used for large integers (equivalent to


long int)

unsigned long 4 used for large positive integers or 0


(equivalent to unsigned long int)

long long 8 used for very large integers


(equivalent to long long int).

unsigned long long 8 used for very large positive integers or


0 (equivalent to unsigned long
long int)

long double 12 used for large floating-point numbers

signed char 1 used for characters (guaranteed


range -127 to 127)

unsigned char 1 used for characters (range 0 to 255)


Let's see a few examples.

long b = 4523232;
long int c = 2345342;
long double d = 233434.56343;
short d = 3434233; // Error! out of range
unsigned int a = -5; // Error! can only store positive
numbers or 0

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