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Oracle SHUTDOWN

This document discusses how to use the Oracle SHUTDOWN statement to shut down an Oracle database. It describes the different shutdown options - SHUTDOWN ABORT, SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE, SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL, and SHUTDOWN NORMAL. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE is recommended as the most common way to shut down the database, as it disconnects all sessions and rolls back transactions without waiting for sessions to disconnect or transactions to complete. The document provides an example of using the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE statement in SQL*Plus to shut down an Oracle database.

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Isaac Frankenstien Nchito
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26 views

Oracle SHUTDOWN

This document discusses how to use the Oracle SHUTDOWN statement to shut down an Oracle database. It describes the different shutdown options - SHUTDOWN ABORT, SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE, SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL, and SHUTDOWN NORMAL. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE is recommended as the most common way to shut down the database, as it disconnects all sessions and rolls back transactions without waiting for sessions to disconnect or transactions to complete. The document provides an example of using the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE statement in SQL*Plus to shut down an Oracle database.

Uploaded by

Isaac Frankenstien Nchito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oracle SHUTDOWN

oracletutorial.com/oracle-administration/oracle-shutdown

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the Oracle SHUTDOWN statement to
shut down the Oracle Database.

TL;DR
Use the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE command to shut down the Oracle Database gracefully:

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Introduction to the Oracle SHUTDOWN statement


To shut down a currently running Oracle Database instance, you use the SHUTDOWN
command as follows:

SHUTDOWN [ABORT | IMMEDIATE | NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]


Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Let’s examine each option of the SHUTDOWN command.

SHUTDOWN NORMAL

The SHUTDOWN NORMAL option waits for the current users to disconnect from the database
before shutting down the database. The database instance will not accept any further
database connection. The SHUTDOWN NORMAL does not require an instance recovery on
the next database startup.

The NORMAL is the default option if you don’t explicitly specify any option. Therefore
SHUTDOWN and SHUTDOWN NORMAL commands have the same effect.

The SHUTDOWN or SHUTDOWN NORMAL is not really practical because you practically cannot
wait for all users to come back to their desks and disconnect from the database.

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

The SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL waits for all uncommitted transactions to complete before
shutting down the database instance. This saves the work for all users without requesting
them to log off.

The database instance also does not accept any new transaction after a SHUTDOWN
TRANSACTIONAL . When completing all transactions, the database instance disconnects all
the currently connected users from the database and shuts down.

The SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL does not require any instance recovery procedure on the
next database startup.

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The optional LOCAL mode waits for only local transactions to complete, not all the
transactions. Then it shuts down local instance. This option is useful in some cases e.g.,
a scheduled outage maintenance.

SHUTDOWN ABORT

The SHUTDOWN ABORT is not recommended and only used on some occasions. The
SHUTDOWN ABORT has a similar effect as you unplug the power of the server. The database
will be in an inconsistent state. Therefore, you should never use the SHUTDOWN ABORT
command before backing up the database. If you try to do so, you may not be able to
recover the backup.

It is recommended to use the SHUTDOWN ABORT only when you want to shut down the
database instantaneously. For example, if you know a power shutdown is going to
happen in a minute or you experience some problems when starting up a database
instance.

The SHUTDOWN ABORT proceeds with the fastest possible shutdown of the database.
However, it requires instance recovery on the next database startup.

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

The SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE is the most common and practical way to shut down the Oracle
database.

The SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE does not wait for the current users to disconnect from the
database or current transactions to complete.

During the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE, all the connected sessions are disconnected
immediately, all uncommitted transactions are rolled back, and the database completely
shuts down.

After issuing the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE statement, the database will not accept any new
connection. The statement will also close and dismount the database.

Unlike the SHUTDOWN ABORT option, the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE option does not require an
instance recovery on the next database startup.

The following table illustrates the differences between the shutdown modes:

Shutdown Modes A I T N

Allow new connection No No No No

Wait until all current sessions end No No No Yes

Wait until all current transactions end No No Yes Yes

Force a checkpoint and close files No Yes Yes Yes

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Shutdown Modes:

A = ABORT
I = IMMEDIATE
T = TRANSACTIONAL
N = NORMAL

Notes

To issue the SHUTDOWN statement, you must connect to the database as SYSDBA, SYSOPER,
SYSBACKUP, or SYSDG. If the current database is a pluggable database, the SHUTDOWN
statement will close the pluggable database only. The consolidated instance will continue
to run. On the other hand, if the current database is a CDB, the SHUTDOWN statement will
close the CDB instance.

Oracle SHUTDOWN statement example


First, launch SQL*Plus:

> sqlplus
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Second, log in to the Oracle database using the SYS user:

Enter user-name: sys as sysdba


Enter password: <sys_password>
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Third, check the current status of the Oracle instance:

SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;


Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Here is the output:

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl OPEN
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Fourth, issue the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE command:

SQL> shutdown immediate


Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the Oracle SHUTDOWN statement to shut down
the Oracle Database.

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