Lecture - Java Applets, Swing, AWT, MVC

Object Oriented Programming
Introduction to Java
Lecture# 10
Java AWT, Swing, MVC, Applets
Graphical User Interface
Batch: NUML BSCS [2nd semester]

Lecture Slides by Engr. Mehwish Shaikh
Introduction to Java Programming Language
Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Java AWT
Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop

Graphical User Interface (GUI) or windows-based
applications in Java.
Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e.
components are displayed according to the view of
operating system. AWT is heavy weight i.e. its
components are using the resources of underlying
operating system (OS).
The java.awt package provides classes for AWT API such
as TextField, Label, TextArea,
RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List etc.
AWT is platform independent?
Java AWT calls the native platform calls the native

platform (operating systems) subroutine for creating API
components like TextField, ChechBox, button, etc.
For example, an AWT GUI with components like TextField,
label and button will have different look and feel for the
different platforms like Windows, MAC OS, and Unix. The
reason for this is the platforms have different view for
their native components and AWT directly calls the
native subroutine that creates those components.
In simple words, an AWT application will look like a
windows application in Windows OS whereas it will look
like a Mac application in the MAC OS.
AWT Hierarchy
Components
All the elements like the button, text fields, scroll bars, etc. are
called components. In Java AWT, there are classes for each
component as shown in above diagram. In order to place every
component in a particular position on a screen, we need to add
them to a container.
Container
The Container is a component in AWT that can contain another
components like buttons, textfields, labels etc. The classes that
extends Container class are known as container such as Frame,
Dialog and Panel.
It is basically a screen where the where the components are
placed at their specific locations. Thus it contains and controls the
layout of components.
Types of containers:
There are four types of containers in Java AWT:
1.Window
2.Panel
3.Frame
4.Dialog
Window
The window is the container that have no borders and menu
bars. You must use frame, dialog or another window for creating
a window. We need to create an instance of Window class to
create this container.
Panel
The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar, border
or menu bar. It is generic container for holding the components.
It can have other components like button, text field etc. An
instance of Panel class creates a container, in which we can add
components.
Frame
The Frame is the container that contain title bar and border and
can have menu bars. It can have other components like button,
text field, scrollbar etc. Frame is most widely used container
while developing an AWT application.
Java SWING
Java Swing tutorial is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC)
that is used to create window-based applications.
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI components

which simplify the development of desktop applications.
It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API

and entirely written in java.
Unlike AWT, Java Swing provides platform-independent and
lightweight components.
The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API
such as JButton, JTextField, JTextArea, JRadioButton,
JCheckbox, JMenu, JColorChooser etc.
AWT vs Swing
MVC Architecture
Swing API architecture follows loosely based MVC

architecture in the following manner.
•Model represents component's data.

•View represents visual representation of the
component's data.
•Controller takes the input from the user on the view and
reflects the changes in Component's data.
•Swing component has Model as a seperate element,
while the View and Controller part are clubbed in the
User Interface elements. Because of which, Swing has a
pluggable look-and-feel architecture.
Hierarchy of Swing
The methods of Component class are widely used in java swing

that are given below.
Java Applets
Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in
the webpage to generate the dynamic content. It runs
inside the browser and works at client side.
Advantages:
•It works at client side so less response time.

•Secured
•It can be executed by browsers running under many
platforms, including Linux, Windows, Mac Os etc.
Hierarchy of Applets
Applet class extends Panel. Panel class extends Container

which is the subclass of Component.
Lifecycle of Applets
Lifecycle of Applets
1.public void init(): is used to initialized the Applet. It is invoked
only once.
2.public void start(): is invoked after the init() method or
browser is maximized. It is used to start the Applet.
3.public void stop(): is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked
when Applet is stop or browser is minimized.
4.public void destroy(): is used to destroy the Applet. It is
invoked only once.
java.awt.Component class
The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of applet.
1.public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint the Applet. It
provides Graphics class object that can be used for drawing
oval, rectangle, arc etc.
Why java applet deprecated?
In short, this is because many main stream browsers

had either removed or planned to remove standards
based plugin support, therefore Oracle wants Java
developers to migrate from Java applets to plugin-
free Java Web-start technologies.
How to run Applet program in Intellij IDEA

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Lecture - Java Applets, Swing, AWT, MVC

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Lecture - Java Applets, Swing, AWT, MVC

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Object Oriented Programming

Batch: NUML BSCS [2nd semester]

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop

AWT is platform independent?

Java AWT calls the native platform calls the native

The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI components

It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API

Swing API architecture follows loosely based MVC

•Model represents component's data.

The methods of Component class are widely used in java swing

•It works at client side so less response time.

Applet class extends Panel. Panel class extends Container

Why java applet deprecated?

In short, this is because many main stream browsers

How to run Applet program in Intellij IDEA

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