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Probability Sampling - Formulas Sheet

This document provides information on probability and non-probability sampling methods for data analysis. It defines key terms and outlines 7 common probability sampling techniques: simple random sampling, systematic sampling, probability proportional to size sampling, proportionate stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling. It also describes 3 non-probability sampling methods and formulas for calculating sample sizes and estimating accuracy.

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Nermine Limeme
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30 views3 pages

Probability Sampling - Formulas Sheet

This document provides information on probability and non-probability sampling methods for data analysis. It defines key terms and outlines 7 common probability sampling techniques: simple random sampling, systematic sampling, probability proportional to size sampling, proportionate stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling. It also describes 3 non-probability sampling methods and formulas for calculating sample sizes and estimating accuracy.

Uploaded by

Nermine Limeme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Data Analysis: Formulas Sheet

Probability Sampling: Non-probability sampling: I. Probability Sampling:


all the subjects of the population get an opportunity to be in the sample. it is not known if a given individual will be in the sample or not.
1. SRS Sampling:
● SRS Sampling: Simple random sampling ● Judgmental sampling
● Systematic sampling ● Quota method
● PPS sampling: Sampling with probability ● Route sampling
proportional to size
● Proportionate stratified random sampling
● Cluster sampling
● Multistage sampling

Confidence interval of an SRS sample


Confidence interval of level 1 − α of the SRS sample mean:

Remark: When the variable of interest is binary of type yes or no (0


or 1) the problem will be an estimation of a proportion ˆp. In such
case:

Remark: In both cases we assume that the


● Optimal sample size
sampling is without replacement. However, when
Let ε the wished accuracy for a confidence level of 1 such accuracy is:
the sampling rate is very small (< 1%) the two
The optimal sample size to reach
ways of sampling converge to the same result.
For the mean: For a proportion :

Remark: If there is no information about a


When the reference population size is very large. The optimal sample size will be: previous value of pn, we consider the extreme
● For the mean: For a proportion : case: pn(1-pn) = 1/4.
2. Systematic sampling 3. Sampling with probability proportional to size:
● Determine the Sampling Interval (K): The formula is K = N / n. PPS sampling
● Randomly Select a Starting Point (d): start by selecting a random number The probability that a unit is selected depends on its size (or
between 1 and K. called "d". weight) in the population.
● Select the Sample Units: The units selected are of the form: The unit with larger size has the greatest chance of being
d, d + K, d + 2K, d + 3K, .., d + (n − 1)K included in the sample

4. Proportionate stratified random sampling


The population is subdivided into strata (relatively homogeneous groups) which are mutually exclusive.
From each strata the same proportion of individuals is drawn.
The sampling rate is the same in all strata.
5. Disproportionate stratified sampling
The only difference between proportionate and disproportionate stratified random sampling is their sampling fractions. With disproportionate
sampling, the different strata have different sampling fractions.
● Accuracy Estimation
Estimation:

Accuracy:

2
6. Cluster sampling
Separate the population into subgroups called clusters.
A random number of clusters are selected.
All elements of these clusters are part of the sample: it is like we are doing a census inside each cluster.

Estimate: Accuracy:

7. Multistage sampling
Similar to cluster sampling, except that in this case a sample is taken from each cluster.
We have at least two degrees.
● The First one identifies large clusters (primary units): A9alim
● In the second degree, within each cluster, the units (secondary units) that will be part of the sample are selected. Cities

II. Non-probability sampling:


1. Judgmental sampling 2. Quota method 3. Route sampling
Sample selection based on some Consists of ensuring the representativity of a For each randomly-chosen sampling points
judgments about the entire population sample by assigning it a structure similar to that of (e.g., urban units, small cities, or voting
the base population. districts), interviewers are assigned with a
The main difference between this type of sampling starting location and provided with
and the strati ed one is that it is the investigator instructions on the random walking rules
who decides which units form the sample.

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