INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Pulchowk Campus, Lalitpur
Subject: C Programming
Lab Report 5
Tittle: Repetitive Structure (Branching Looping)
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Nikesh Ranabhat 077BAS025 Department of Electronics
and
Computer Engineering
Checked by
Content of Lab Report:
Background Information
C Programming
Editor Used
Compiler
Repetitive Structure
Code and Output
Source Code
Output
Analysis
Conclusion
Background Information
What is C Programming?
C programming is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming
language developed in 1972 by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to
develop the UNIX operating system. C is the most widely used computer language.
Why to Learn C Programming?
• Easy to learn
• Structured language
• It produces efficient programs
• It can handle low-level activities
• It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms
Editor
Here, I have used Visual Studio Code as my editor. You can download the editor from
Download Visual Studio Code - Mac, Linux, Windows . Select your operating system
and download it.
Compiler
Here, I have used gcc as my compiler provided by MinGWw64. You can download it via
Download MinGW-w64 - for 32 and 64 bit Windows from SourceForge.net. Your
download will start automatically. Run the downloaded .exe file. After, you have
installed MinGW-w64, you need to configure it.
In the Windows search bar, type 'settings' to open your Windows Settings.
Search for Edit environment variables for your account.
Choose the Path variable and then select Edit.
Select New and add the Mingw-w64 destination folder path to the system
path. The exact path depends on which version of Mingw-w64 you have installed
and where you installed it. If you used the settings above to install Mingw-
w64, then add this to the path: C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-8.1.0-
posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\mingw64\bin.
Select OK to save the updated PATH. You will need to reopen any console
windows for the new PATH location to be available.
Check your installation
Open command prompt or power shell and type:
If you get similar result, you are good to go.
Repetitive Structure
For Loop
A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that
needs to execute a specific number of times.
Syntax:
for ( init; condition; increment)
{statement(s);}
Here is the flow of control in a 'for' loop −
• The init step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to declare and
initialize any loop control variables. You do not have to put a statement here, as
long as a semicolon appears.
• Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is executed. If it is
false, the body of the loop does not execute and the flow of control jumps to the
next statement just after the 'for' loop.
• After the body of the 'for' loop executes, the flow of control jumps back up to the
increment statement. This statement allows you to update any loop control variables.
This statement can be left blank, as long as a semicolon appears after the condition.
• The condition is now evaluated again. If it is true, the loop executes and the process
repeats itself (body of loop, then increment step, and then again condition). After
the condition becomes false, the 'for' loop stops.
While …. Loop
A while loop in C programming repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given
condition is true.
Syntax
while(condition)
{statement(s);}
Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may
be any expression, and true is any nonzero value. The loop iterates while the condition is
true.
When the condition becomes false, the program control passes to the line at once
following the loop.
Do ...While Loop
A do...while loop is similar to a while loop, except the fact that it is guaranteed to execute
at least one time.
Syntax:
do {statement(s);}
while (condition);
The conditional expression appears at the end of the loop, so the statement(s) in the loop
executes once before the condition is tested.
If the condition is true, the flow of control jumps back up to do, and the statement(s) in
the loop executes again. This process repeats until the given condition becomes false.
CODE AND OUTPUT
2.Write a program to read an unsigned integer (suppose n) and display from 1 to n
and n to 1
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int n;
system("cls");
printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("From 1 to %d",n);
printf("\t\tFrom %d to 1", n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
printf("\n %3d\t\t\t%3d\n", i, (n - i + 1));
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
3.Write a program to display the sum of even numbers from 1 ton (n is an unsigned
integer)
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
unsigned int n;
int sum_of_even;
system("cls");
printf("Value of n: ");
scanf("%u", &n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if ((i % 2) == 0)
{
sum_of_even = sum_of_even + i;
}
}
printf("\nSum of even number from 1 to %d is %d",n, sum_of_even);
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
4.Write a program to read an integer and find out product from 1 to n if n is even
and sum from 0 to n if n is odd.
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int n,product =1, sum=0;
system("cls");
printf("Value of n: ");
scanf("%u", &n);
if(n%2==0) {
printf("Number is even\n");
for (int i = 1; i <= n;i++)
{
product = product * i;
}
printf("Product is %d", product);
}
else {
printf("Number is odd\n");
for (int i = 0; i <= n;i++) {
sum = sum + i;
}
printf("The sum is %d", sum);
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
5.Write a program to read an integer and compute its factorial and display proper
message if its factorial cannot be completed
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
float n;
int factorial = 1;
system("cls");
printf("Value of n: ");
scanf("%f", &n);
if ((n - (int)n) == ((float)2-2))
{
if (n > 0)
{
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
{
printf("\nFactorial is %d", 1);
}
else
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
factorial = factorial * i;
}
printf("\nFactorial is %d.", factorial);
}
}
else
{
printf("Expected: Positive Integer\nGiven: Negative Integer\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("Expected: Integer\nGiven: floating number.");
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
6.Write a program to calcualte x^n/n! where x is floating point number and n is
integer
Source Code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
int main ()
{
float x;
int n, factorial=1;
system("cls");
printf("Value of x: ");
scanf("%f", &x);
printf("Value of n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (int i = 1; i <=n;i++) {
factorial = factorial * i;
}
printf("Value x^n / n! is %.3f.", (pow (x, n) / (double)factorial));
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
7.Write a program to display the fibonacci series
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int a = 0, b = 1, c;
int n;
system("cls");
printf("Value of n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Fibonacci Number: ");
for (int i = 0; i <n;i++) {
printf("%d ", a);
c = a + b;
a = b;
b = c;
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
8.Write a program to read a positive number and fins its sum of digits in it.
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int number, remainder, sum;
system("cls");
printf("Enter the positive integers: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
printf("Number: %d", number);
while (number! = 0)
{
remainder = number % 10;
sum = sum + remainder;
number = number / 10;
}
printf("\nSum of digits is %d.", sum);
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
9.1] Write a program to read number and check whether it is palindrome or not
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int number, reverse, remainder, copy_number;
system("cls");
printf("Number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
copy_number = number;
while (copy_number != 0)
{
remainder = copy_number % 10;
reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
copy_number = copy_number / 10;
}
printf("Number: %d\nReverse: %d\n\n", number, reverse);
if (number == reverse)
{
printf("It is palindrome.");
}
else
{
printf("It isn't palindrome.");
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
9.2] Write a program to read number and check whether it is Armstrong or not
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
int main ()
{
int armstrong = 0, remainder, number, copy_number;
system("cls");
printf("Number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
copy_number = number;
while (copy_number != 0)
{
remainder = copy_number % 10;
armstrong = pow (remainder, 3) + armstrong;
copy_number = copy_number / 10;
}
printf("\n\nNumber: %d\nArmstrong: %d\n\n", number, armstrong);
if (number == armstrong)
{
printf("It is armstrong.");
}
else
{
printf("It isn't armstrong.");
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
9.3] Write a program to read number and check whether it is prime or not
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int number, i;
system("cls");
printf("Enter the positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
i = number - 1;
if (number == 0 || number == 1)
{
printf("It is neither prime nor composite.");
}
else
{
for (; i; i--)
{
if (!(i == 0 || i == 1))
{
if (number % i == 0)
{
printf("Composite Number\n");
break;
}
}
else
{
printf("Prime Number");
}
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
9.4] Write a program to read two number and check whether it is twin prime or not
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int number1, number2;
int twin_number1 = 1, twin_number2 = 1;
float n1, n2;
system("cls");
printf("Number one: ");
scanf("%d", &number1);
printf("Number two: ");
scanf("%d", &number2);
if (number1 == 1 || number2 == 1 || number1 == 1 || number2 == 1)
{
printf("\nIt isn't twin number.");
getch();
exit (0);
}
if ((number1 - number2) == 2 || (number2 - number1) == 2)
{
for (int i = 2; i < number1; i++)
{
if (number1 % i == 0)
{
twin_number1 = 0;
break;
}
}
for (int i = 2; i < number2; i++)
{
if (number2 % i == 0)
{
twin_number2 = 0;
break;
}
}
if (twin_number1 == 1 && twin_number2 == 1)
{
printf("\nIt is twin number");
}
else
{
printf("\nIt isn't twin number.");
}
}
else
{
printf("\nIt isn't twin prime number.");
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
10.Write a program to read a number (n) adn display its multiplication table up to
10.
Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int number;
system("cls");
printf("Number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
printf("Multiplication Table of %d\n\n", number);
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
printf("%d * %d = %d\n", i, number, i * number);
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
Analysis
Here, we have learned above various ways iteration over the loop. We come across
knowledge of for loop, while loop, do...while loop. We learnt in what kind of condition
we should use this looping statement. We use for loop when we know the exact number
of iterations and we use while or do...while loop when we do not know number of
iterations.
Also, it helps to understand the workings of these statements and building logic on
Looping and iterations taking program.
Conclusion
Conclusion
In nut shell, we became acquaintance with Branching structure. Also, we shape
ourselves with these newly learnt statements.
