Stars and Galaxies in The Universe

Stars and Galaxies in the Universe
Members :
1. Amirulamin Sambawan bin Mazlan
2. Mohd Ikram Danial bin Ismail Zaki
3. Muhd Zuhdi bin Jabir
4. Afiq bin Jabir
11.1 Stars and Galaxies in the universe
The universe consist of every existing thing around us.
Do you know that there are many objects in space which
you may have never seen or known their existence? The
study of astronomy has raised our awareness of the
beauty and vastness of God’s creation of the universe.

Galaxies
There are millions of galaxies in the universe. What do galaxies mean?
A galaxy is a set of bodies consisting of millions of stars with gas and
dust particles. Galaxies come in many forms, such as spiral galaxies,
elliptical galaxies and irregular galaxies. Our solar system is situated in
the Milky Way galaxy.

Types of Galaxies
Spiral Elliptical Irregular
Examples: Andromeda Examples: Ursa Major Examples: Small Magellanic Cloud

and The Milky Way and Messier 87 and Large Magellanic Cloud
The Milky Way
• The Milky Way is a medium large spiral galaxy.
• Our solar system is located t the edge of one of
the spiral arms of The Milky Way.
• The Milky Way consist of approximately 200
billion stars and the Sun is one of it.

Stars
How do the birth and death of stars happen?
Lets study the life cycle of stars.
The Life Cycle of a Star (Nebular Hypothesis)
Medium Red giant White

sized star Dwarf
Nebula Large Star Red Giant Neutron

Supergiant Supernova Star
Super
Red Giant Supergiant Supernova Black Hole
Large Star
Birth of Stars
Stars are formed from nebulae. Nebulae are large clouds consisting of dust particles and gases such as
hydrogen and helium.
• The gases and dust particles in a nebula are pulled by a strong gravitational force which causes it to
form a globe.
• The strong gravitational force causes the globe of gas to shrink and compress until it becomes very
dense and forms a core.
• The core shrinks and becomes dense due to the increasing strength of the gravitational force.
• When the temperature and pressure in the core become too high, a nuclear reaction will take place.
Hydrogen gas turns into helium. A huge amount ofheat energy and light is released.
• The core will shine and a star is formed.
• The star that is formed is known as a protostar.
• This new star continues to expand and becomes either an average star like the sun or a massive star.
Death of Stars
In a star, a lot of heat is generated which will heat up the outermost layer of the star. As a
result, hydrogen within this layer starts to burn. This causes the star to expand. During this
stage, the star appears red to colour and is called a red giant.
If the red giant is not massive, a white dwarf is formed. However, if the red giant is
big enough, it contracts so quickly that a big explosion called a supernova occurs. A
supernova is extremely bright. It can be seen in daylight. As a result of the explosion, A
neutron star is formed if the original star is a large star. If the original star is a super-large
star, a black hole is formed. It is called a black hole because light in it cannot escape.
Any matter that enters it cannot escape too.

Relative Size Comparison between the Earth and the Universe
The universe is beautiful and unique. there are

millions of galaxies in the universe. The Milky
Way is one of them many galaxies in the universe.
In the Milky Way, there is a solar system which
consists of eight planets that orbit the sun, and this
includes the Earth.
The Earth in smaller than a spec of dust in the
universe. Can you imagine how vast this universe
created by god is? We should be thankful for the
beauty of this universe which is a symbol
of god’supremacy.
Characteristics of Stars
Have you ever observed the night sky at night? If you look closely, some stars appear bright while some
appear dim. These stars can be classified based on the following characteristics
Characteristics to classify stars:
• Colour
• Size
• Distance
• Brightness
• Temperature
Stars have different sizes; The really big ones are called supergiant stars,
Big stars are called giant stars while the really small ones are called
dwarf stars. The brightness of a star depends on its size, distance and
surface temperature. The brightest stars in the sky are Sirius and Rigel.
Dwarf
Giant
Supergiant
Thats all from us!
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Stars and Galaxies in The Universe

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Stars and Galaxies in The Universe

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Stars and Galaxies in the Universe

The universe consist of every existing thing around us.

Do you know that there are many objects in space which

you may have never seen or known their existence? The

study of astronomy has raised our awareness of the

beauty and vastness of God’s creation of the universe.

A galaxy is a set of bodies consisting of millions of stars with gas and

dust particles. Galaxies come in many forms, such as spiral galaxies,

elliptical galaxies and irregular galaxies. Our solar system is situated in

the Milky Way galaxy.

Examples: Andromeda Examples: Ursa Major Examples: Small Magellanic Cloud

• Our solar system is located t the edge of one of

the spiral arms of The Milky Way.

• The Milky Way consist of approximately 200

billion stars and the Sun is one of it.

Medium Red giant White

Nebula Large Star Red Giant Neutron

Any matter that enters it cannot escape too.

The universe is beautiful and unique. there are

Characteristics to classify stars:

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