Python Cheat Sheet: The Basics Learn Python for Data Science, AI & Development on Coursera

Python Data Types

L ist In d x e ing

Chan g eable collection of ob ects j Accessin g data from a strin g , list, or tuple usin g an element number

String
my collection
_ = [1, 1, 3 12, False, . "H i ] "
my_string [ element_number ]

Series of characters or data stored as text my_collection [ element_number ]

L ist Operations
my_tup [ element_number ]
my_string = "Hello"

# returns the length of a lis t

Slicing
len(my_collection)
String Operations
Accessin g a subset of data from a strin g , list, or tuple usin g element numbers from start to stop -1
# returns the string with all uppercase letters

# A dd multiple items to a lis t

my_string [ start : stop ]

my_string.upper()
my_collection.extend( [ M " ore", " I tems" ] )
my_collection [ start : stop ]

my_tup [ start : stop ]

# returns the length of a string

# A dd a single item to a lis t

len(my_string)
my_collection.append(" S ingle")

Co m parison Operators

# returns the index of the first instance of the string inside the

# D elete the object of a list at a specified inde x

Comparison O perators compare operands and return a result of true or false
# subject string, otherwise -1

del(my_collection [ ] 2 )

my_string.find('l') Eq ual

# Clone a lis t
a == b

# replaces any instance of the first string with the second in my_string

clone = my_collection [:]

my_string.replace('H', 'C') Less T han

# Concatenate two lists

a < b

Integer
my_collection_2 = [ "a", "b", "c" ]

A whole number
my_collection_3 = my_collection + my_collection_2 G reater T han

my_integer = 12321
a > b

# Calculate the sum of a list of ints or floats

number_collection = [ 1,2,3, 4 5]

. G reater T han or Eq ual

sum(number_collection)
Float
a > = b

A decimal number

# Chec k if an item is in a list, returns B oolea n

Less T han or Eq ual

my decimal
_ = 3 14.
item in my_collectio n

# Chec k if an item is not in a list, returns B oolea n

a < = b

not in
N Eq
item my_collection
Boolean ot ual

Discrete value true or false

a ! = b

a = True
Set

b = False U nordered collection of uni q ue ob ects j

a = { 00
1 , 3.12, F alse, " B ye" }
Python Operators

Dictionary
b = { 00
1 , 3.12, " W elcome" }
Chan g eable collection of k -
ey value pairs
+: Additio

-:
{ : : 0 0 : } Set Operations Subtractio
my_dictionary = 'banana' 1, 12 'laptop', ( , ) 'center'

*: M ultiplicatio

# Con v ert a list to a se t

/:divisio
[ ]
//: g (R g )
my_set = set( 1,1,2,3 )
Dictionary Operations Inte er Division esult rounded to the nearest inte er

A t

A v k y

# dd an item to the se

4
d
# ccess alue using e
a.add( )

my_dictionary [ 'banana' ] Con itional Operators

# R emo v e an item from a se t

Conditional O perators evaluate the operands and produce a true of false result

# G et all k eys in a dictionary as a lis t

a.remo v e(" B ye")

my_dictionary. k eys()
-
R b

And returns true if both statement a and b are true, otherwise false
# eturns set a minus

a.difference(b)

# G et all v alues in a dictionary as a lis t

a and b

my_dictionary. v alues()
# R eturns intersection of set a and b
O - r returns true if either statement a or b are true, otherwise false
a.intersection(b)

a or b

Tu ple # R eturns the union of set a and b

U nchan g eable collection of ob ects j a.union(b) N - ot returns the opposite of the statement

tup = (1, 3.12, F alse, "Hi")

# R eturns T rue if a is a subset of b, false otherwis e
not a

a.issubset(b)

# R eturns T rue if a is a superset of b, false otherwis e

a.issuperset(b) Page 1

© Copyright IB M Corporation 2021. A ll rights reser v e d .

 Python Cheat Sheet: The Basics Learn Python for Data Science, AI & Development on Coursera

Loops Webscraping Wor k ing w ith Files

For Loops # Import BeautifulSoup

Reading a File
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
for x in range(x):
# Opens a file in read mode

# Executes loop x number of times # P arse HTML stored as a strin g

file = open(file_name, " r ")

soup = B eautiful S oup(html, ' html 5 lib ' ) # R eturns the file name

for x in iterable:
file . name

# Executes loop for each object in an iterable like a string, tuple, # R eturns formatted htm l
# R eturns the mode the file was opened i n

soup . prettif y ()
list, or set file . mode

# F ind the first instance of an HTML tag

While Loops soup . find(tag) # Reads the contents of a file

file . read()
while statement:

# Executes the loop while statement is true # F ind all instances of an HTML tag

soup . find_all(tag)
# Reads a certain number of characters of a file

file . read(characters)
Conditional Statements
Re qu ests
# Read a single line of a file

if statement_1:
file . readline()
# Execute of statement_1 is true
# Import the re q uests librar y

elif statement_2:
import re q uests
# Read all the lines of a file and stores it in a list

# Execute if statement_1 is false and statement_2 is true

file . readlines()
else:

# Send a get requests to the url with optional parameters

# Execute if all previous statements are false

response = requests.get(url, parameters)
# Closes a file

file . close()
Try/Except # Get the url of the response

response . ur l

# Get the status code of the response

Writing to a File
try:
response . status_code

# Code to try to execute

# Get the headers of the request
# Opens a file in write mode

except a:
response . re q uest . header s
file = open(file_name, "w")
# Code to execute if there is an error of type a
# Get the body of the requests

except b:

response . re q uest . bod y

# Code to execute if there is an error of type b

# Writes content to a file

# Get the headers of the response

file . write(content)
except:

response . header s

# Code to execute if there is any exception that has not been handled

# G et the content of the response in tex t

else:

response . tex t
# Adds content to the end of a file

# Code to execute if there is no exception

# G et the content of the response in j so n
file . append(content)
response .j son ()
Error Types
Objects and Classes
# Send a post requests to the url with optional parameters

re q uests . post(url, parameters)

IndexError - When an index is out of rang
NameError - When a variable name is not foun # Creating a class

SyntaxError - When there is an error with how the code is written class class_name:

ZeroDivisionError - When your code tries to divide by zero

F u nctions def __init__(self . optional_parameter_1, optional_parameter_2):

self . attribute_1 = optional_parameter_1

self . attribute_2 = optional_parameter_ 2

Range # Create a function

def function_name(optional_parameter_1, optional_prameter_2):

def method_name(self, optional_parameter_1):

# code to execute

Produce an iterable sequence from 0 to stop-1 # Code to execute

return optional_output
return optional_output
range(stop)
# Calling a function
# Create an instance of a class

Produce an interable sequence from start to stop-1 incrementing by step

output = function_name(parameter_1, parameter_2)
object = class_name(parameter_1, parameter_2)
range(start, stop, step)

# Callin g an ob j ect metho d

ob j ect . method_name ( parameter_ 1)

Page 2
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2021. All rights reserved.