Python Programming

Numbers – Data Types

Assistant Professor & Technical Trainer

Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science
sivakumarm@mits.ac.in
9500600868
 Outline
Looping

 Introduction to python
 Installing python
 Hello World program using python
 Data types
 Variables
 Numbers
Introduction to Python
 Python is an open source, interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language.
 Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant
whitespace.
 Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected language.
 Python was conceived in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC language.
 Python was Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991.
 Python 2.0, released in 2000,
 introduced features like list comprehensions and a garbage collection system with reference counting.
 Python 3.0 released in 2008 and current version of python is 3.8.3 (as of June-2020).
 The Python 2 language was officially discontinued in 2020

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Why Python?
 Python has many advantages
 Easy to learn
 Less code
 Syntax is easier to read
 Open source
 Huge amount of additional open-source libraries
Some libraries listed below.
 matplotib for plotting charts and graphs
 BeautifulSoup for HTML parsing and XML
 NumPy for scientific computing
 pandas for performing data analysis
 SciPy for engineering applications, science, and mathematics
 Scikit for machine learning
 Django for server-side web development
 And many more..

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Installing Python
 For Windows & Mac:
 To install python in windows you need to download installable file from https://www.python.org/downloads/
 After downloading the installable file you need to execute the file.
 For Linux :
 For ubuntu 16.10 or newer
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install python3.8
 To verify the installation
 Windows :
 python --version
 Linux :
 python3 --version (linux might have python2 already installed, you can check python 2 using python --version)
 Alternatively we can use anaconda distribution for the python installation
 http://anaconda.com/downloads
 Anaconda comes with many useful inbuilt libraries.

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Hello World using Python
 To write python programs, we can use any text editors or IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), Initially we are going to use Visual Studio Code.
 Create new file in editor, save it as first.py (Extensions for python programs will be .py)
first.py Python line does not end with ;
1 print("Hello World from python")

 To run the python file open command prompt and change directory to where your python file is

 Next, run python command (python filename.py)

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Data types in Python
Name Type Description
Data Types
Integer int Whole number such as 0,1,5, -5 etc..
Float float Numbers with decimal points such as 1.5, 7.9, -8.2 etc..
String str Sequence of character (Ordered) such as “mits”, ‘college’, “રાજકોટ” etc..
Boolean bool Logical values indicating True or False (T and F here are capital in python)
Data Structures
Ordered Sequence of objects, will be represented with square brackets [ ]
List list
Example : [ 18, “mits”, True, 102.3 ]
Ordered immutable sequence of objects, will be represented with round brackets ( )
Tuple tup
Example : ( 18, “mits”, True, 102.3 )
Unordered collection of unique objects, will be represented with the curly brackets { }
Set set
Example : { 18, “mits”, True, 102.3 }
Unordered key : value pair of objects , will be represented with curly brackets { }
Dictionary dict
Example : { “college”: “mits”, “code”: “054” }
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Variables in Python
 A Python variable is a reserved memory location to store values.
 Unlike other programming languages, Python has no command for declaring a variable.
 A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
 Python uses Dynamic Typing so,
 We need not to specify the data types to the variable as it will internally assign the data type to the variable
according to the value assigned.
 we can also reassign the different data type to the same variable, variable data type will change to new data
type automatically.
 We can check the current data type of the variable with type(variablename) in-built function.
 Rules for variable name
 Name can not start with digit
 Space not allowed
 Can not contain special character
 Python keywords not allowed
 Should be in lower case

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Example of Python variable
 Example :
demo.py
1 x = 10
2 print(x)
3 print(type(x))
Reassign same variable to hold different data type
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5 y = 123.456
6 print(y)
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8 x = "mits insitute of engineering and technology"
9 print(x)
10 print(type(x))

Run in terminal
1 python demo.py

Output
1 10
2 int
3 123.456
4 mits institute of engineering and technology
5 str
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Numbers in python
The following are the supporting number formats:
 Integers
 Floating point
 Complex Numbers
 Decimal
 Rational
Keywords

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‘Print’ method
 To print any data in output console, use print( ) method
 Different formats
Example

 Format specifiers are also supported Example

{%d,%f,%s} name = 'Peter'

age = 23
print('%s is %d years old' % (name, age))
print('{} is {} years old'.format(name, age))
print(f'{name} is {age} years old')

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Runtime Input
 To get any data in run-time, use input( ) method
 By default, all inputs will be in string format
Example

a=input("Enter a number")
print(a) // string data
b=input()
print(b) // string data

 To convert the string data into specific format, use the conversion method
Example

a=int(input("Enter a number"))
print(a) // int data
b=float(input())
print(b) // float data
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Numbers in python : int
 Integers are zero, positive or negative whole numbers without a fractional part and having
unlimited precision
 24 bytes of memory – default
Example Example
>>> a=10
>>> a # a=10
>>> a=-10
>>> a # a=-10

 No spaces are allowed between any digits Ex: a = 5 7 // Syntax Error

 No numbers should be started with prefix of ‘0’ other than binary/octal/hexa
Ex: a = 087 // Syntax Error
 Underscore are allowed between numbers Ex: a = 5_7 // a=57
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Numbers in python : int
 Integers can be represented in any of the three below formats:
binary (‘0b’)
octal(‘0o’ or ‘0O’) Example
hexadecimal (‘0x’ or ‘0X’) a=0b111 print(a) // 7
b=0o12 print(b) // 10
b=0x12 print(b) // 18
 To convert any string into ‘int’, use int ( ) function
Example

int(‘100’) // 100 Decimal

int(‘100’,2) // 4 Binary Use bin() function for conversion of any
number to binary number
int (‘74’,8) // 60 Octal
int('123',16) // 291 Hexa
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Numbers in python : int

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Numbers in python : int

Test yourself
Example -1 Example -2
a = 10,20 a = 10_20_30
print(a) print(a)
Output Output
Example -5
(10,20) #tuple Output: 102030 print(oct(74))

Example -3 Example -4 Output

a = 10_20_; a = 0o84;
print(a) print(a) Output: 112

Output Output
Output: Syntax Error Output: Syntax Error

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Numbers in python : float
 Float data type has fractional part
 Positive and Negative real numbers with a fractional part denoted by the decimal symbol (.) or
scientific notation
Example
123.56
3.142
-1.546
0.23

 The float beyond its max.size referred as ‘inf’,’Inf’,’INFINITY’ or infinity.

Example

f=2e400
print(f)
inf

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Numbers in python : float
 Scientific Notation is used as a short representation to express floats having many digits

e2 or E2 Example
a = 1e3
print (a) # 1000.0
a = 1e5
print (a) # 100000.0
a = 3.4556789e2
print (a) # 345.56789

 To limit the fraction, use the following format.

Example

a=5.678848
print('{:.2f}'.format(a))
#5.68

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Numbers in python : float
 To convert any type into float, use float( ) function
Example

>>> float (‘5.5’) # 5.5

>>> float (‘5’) # 5.0
>>> float(‘1e3’) #1000.0
>>> float('12e4') #120000.0

 Formats

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Numbers in python : Complex Numbers
 It is a number with real and imaginary components

5 + 6j i.e 5 – real j – imaginary

 16 bytes of memory – default
 Use only ‘j’ or ‘J’ as imaginary component Example
>>> a=5 + 2k
>>> Syntax Error
>>> a=5i + 2j
>>> Syntax Error
>>> a=5 + j
>>> Syntax Error

 Arithmetic Operators can be applied for any complex numbers {+,-, *,**,/}
a = 6 + 4j
a = a+2
print(a) // 8 + 4j
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Numbers in python : Complex Numbers
 Using ‘*’ operator
a=6 + 4j
a=a*2
print(a) // 12 + 8j i.e both real and imaginary will have updation
 Using ‘**’ operator
a=6 + 4j
a=a**2
print(a) // 20+48j i.e both real and imaginary will have updation
Calculation:
= 36 + 24j + 24j + (16*-1)
= 36 + 48j – 16
= 20 + 48j
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Numbers in python : Rational number
 It is represented as a rational fraction m/n . i.e has integer value

Ex: 5/6
 Fraction – automatically performs the simplification fraction .
9/18 -> 1/2
 Always import the module before implementation
Syntax
from fractions import Fraction
a=Fraction(5,6)
print(a) # 5/6

Example:
a=Fraction('1.33') # 133/100 a=Fraction(‘-1.5') # -3/2

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Numbers in python : Rational number
 Arithmetic operators of +, -, *, /, % and ** can be applied

Syntax
from fractions import Fraction
a=Fraction(5,6) + Fraction(3,2) #a=7/3
b=a – Fraction(3,5) #b=26/15
c=b*Fraction(101,202) #c=13/15
d=c/b #d=1/2
e=d%a #e=1/2
f=Fraction(1,2)**Fraction(1,2) #f=0.70710

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