Scribd
Upload
15 views16 pages

Operating System Notes

The document provides an overview of different types of operating systems. It discusses single-user systems, batch systems, multiprogrammed systems, time-sharing systems, real-time systems, distributed systems, clustered systems, and embedded systems. For each type of operating system, it briefly describes its key characteristics and examples of applications where it may be used.

Uploaded by

Zeeshan Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
15 views16 pages

Operating System Notes

The document provides an overview of different types of operating systems. It discusses single-user systems, batch systems, multiprogrammed systems, time-sharing systems, real-time systems, distributed systems, clustered systems, and embedded systems. For each type of operating system, it briefly describes its key characteristics and examples of applications where it may be used.

Uploaded by

Zeeshan Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1/ 16

Operating Systems

CC-311 / CC-217

Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and IT, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
Agenda for Today
• What is an operating system?
• Single-user systems
• Batch systems
• Multiprogrammed systems
• Time-Sharing systems
• Real-Time systems
• Distributed systems
• Clustered systems
• Embedded Systems
What is an Operating System?
 A program that acts as an
intermediary between a user of a
computer and the computer
hardware.
 Operating system goals:

 Execute user programs and make


solving user problems easier

 Make the computer system


convenient to use

 Use the computer hardware in an


efficient manner

2.3
Single User Systems
 Personal computers – computer system dedicated to a
single user
 Interactive
 User convenience and responsiveness. .
Single User Systems
 Individuals usually have sole use of computer and do not
need advanced protection features.
 May run several different types of operating systems e.g.

 Windows

 Mac OS

 UNIX

 Linux
Batch Systems
 Does not interact with computers directly
 Operator takes all the jobs and group similar jobs into batch
 Operator takes job as input, process it on CPU and gives the
result to the user
 Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers control
from one job to another.
 Various mediums are used e.g.

 Punch cards

 Paper tapes
Multiprogrammed Systems
 Several jobs are kept in main memory at the same time, and
the CPU is multiplexed among them.
Example: Two processes P1 and P2 with CPU and
I/O bursts of one time unit each
CPU I/O
Burst Burst

P1
P2
P1
…
P2
Time-Sharing Systems
 An interactive system with multiprogramming
 A job is swapped in and out of memory to the disk if needed.
 On-line file system must be available for users to access
data and code.
Real-Time Systems
 Well-defined fixed-time constraints.
 Often used as a control device in a dedicated application
such as controlling scientific experiments, medical imaging
systems, industrial control systems, and some display
systems.
 Real-Time systems may be either hard or soft real-time.
Real-Time Systems
 Hard real-time systems:

 Secondary storage limited or absent, data stored in short term


memory, or read-only memory (ROM)

 No virtual memory—time cannot be “wasted” on translation of


logical to physical addresses

 OS code structured for efficiency

 Plane landing systems, process control in nuclear power


plants, respirators, etc.
Real-Time Systems
 Soft real-time systems:

 Output should be produced within the given time constraints


but if it is not, the result is not life threatening

 Useful in applications (multimedia, virtual reality) requiring


advanced operating-system features.
Distributed Systems
 Runs on multiple computers connected over a network,
allowing them to work together.
 It coordinates and manages these computers to efficiently
share resources like processing power, storage, and
communication, creating a seamless and integrated
computing environment.
Clustered Systems
 Distributed OS and Clustered OS are both designed to
improve system performance, availability, and resource
utilization.
 Clustered operating systems are designed for high
availability and load balancing within a local cluster of
computers. They aim to provide redundancy and failover
capabilities for critical applications, typically within a single
data center or location.
 The scope of a distributed OS extends across a wide area
network (WAN) or even the internet, connecting nodes that
can be located far apart geographically. While, clustered OS
operates within a localized cluster of computers, often
located in close physical proximity within a data center.
Embedded Systems
 An embedded operating system is a specialized type of
operating system designed to run on embedded systems.
 These systems are small, dedicated computer systems built
into various devices and products to control specific
functions or perform dedicated tasks.
 These systems can be found in a wide range of applications,
from consumer electronics and automotive systems to
industrial machines and medical devices.

You might also like