MQTT Slides 140524043859 Phpapp01

MQTT
An introduction
Alexandre Moreno
MQ Telemetry Transport
MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M)/Internet of
Things connectivity protocol. It was designed as an
extremely lightweight publish/subscribe messaging
transport. It is useful for connections with remote
locations where a small code footprint is required
and/or network bandwidth is at a premium.
http://mqtt.org
buzzwords
Internet of Things
Machine to Machine
Smart Grid
Purpose of MQTT?
Fill the gap between the numerous devices and applications that can
produce data and the wider world of data consumers
Good fit for simple push messaging scenarios
At a glance...
Application-layer protocol
Runs atop TCP
Binary wire-protocol
No message queue albeit the name
Publish/subscribe pattern
Designed for resource-constrained devices
UTF-8 encoded strings (since V3.1)
Payload-agnostic
Keep-Alive timer
QoS
Scalability
“a single 1u-form-factor appliance can handle up to 1
million sensors and 13 million concurrent messages”
link to article
Interoperability
MQTT Interop Testing Day
The goal is to have as many different MQTT client and
server implementations participate in interoperability
testing to validate the implementation of the
upcoming OASIS MQTT standard.
https://wiki.eclipse.org/Paho/MQTT_Interop_Testing_Day
Background
Publish/Subscribe pattern
Publish/Subscribe Messaging
Model
Clients subscribe to topics (SUBSCRIBE)
Messages are published to a specific topic name (PUBLISH)
A broker server handles the routing of messages
Publish/Subscribe Messaging
Model
Pros
Greater network scalability and a more dynamic network topology
Decoupling of applications
Cons
Same security vulnerabilities as Client/Server model
Message broker
Authenticates clients
Validates, transforms and routes messages

Performs topic-based message routing
Caches messages for delivery at a later time
e.g. Will messages, RETAIN flag
Bridges: brokers can be connected together
The protocol
Message types
var MESSAGE_TYPE = {
CONNECT: 1,
CONNACK: 2,
PUBLISH: 3,
PUBACK: 4,
PUBREC: 5,
PUBREL: 6,
PUBCOMP: 7,
SUBSCRIBE: 8,
SUBACK: 9,
UNSUBSCRIBE: 10,
UNSUBACK: 11,
PINGREQ: 12,
PINGRESP: 13,
DISCONNECT: 14
};
port numbers
TCP/IP port 1883 for MQTT.
Port 8883 for MQTT over SSL.
Message format
Fixed header (2 bytes) + Variable header + Payload
Fixed header format
bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
byte 1 Message Type DUP flag QoS level RETAIN
byte 2 Remaining Length
Topics/Subscriptions
Hierarchical structure of topics
e.g. sensors/temperature
wildcard pattern matching for subscriptions
multi-level with ‘#’
e.g. sensors/# matches both sensors/foo and
sensors/foo/bar
# matches all topics
single-level with ‘+’
e.g sensors/+ matches sensors/foo and
sensors/bar, but not sensors/foo/bar
Flags
QoS
The Quality of Service used to deliver a message
0: Best effort
PUBLISH
1: At least once
PUBLISH + PUBACK
2: Exactly once
PUBLISH + PUBREC + PUBREL + PUBCOMP
Quality of Service levels and flows
Implementations
Mosquitto
An umbrella project, providing an open source MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 broker,
client libraries,
language bindings, and client utilities.
Seems the Mosquitto project is moving to Eclipse, discussed next
mosquitto.org
Examples
Mosquitto
C client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <mosquitto.h>
void on_message(struct mosquitto *m, void *user_data, const struct mosquitto_message *msg)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lights at %s are %s\n", msg->topic, (char*)msg->payload);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)

{
struct mosquitto *client;
int ret;
mosquitto_lib_init();
client = mosquitto_new("client-id", true, NULL);

if (!client)
err(1, "mosquitto failed");
ret = mosquitto_connect(client, "127.0.0.1", 1883, 60);

if (ret != MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS)
ret = mosquitto_subscribe(client, NULL, "switches/+/status", 0);

if (ret != MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS)
Mosquitto
Python client
#!/usr/bin/env python
import mosquitto
def on_message(mosq, obj, msg):

print("lights at "+msg.topic+" are "+msg.payload)
client = mosquitto.Mosquitto()
client.connect("localhost")
client.subscribe("switches/+/status")
client.on_message = on_message
while client.loop() == mosquitto.MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS:

pass
A simple example showing how to subscribe to a topic and define a function to receive the messages.
Eclipse Paho
Project providing open source implementations of C, C++, Java,
JavaScript, Lua and Python client libraries, plus a client view plugin for
Eclipse IDE.
http://www.eclipse.org/paho
Eclipse Paho
JavaScript MQTT client
client = new Messaging.Client( "127.0.0.1", 80, 'clientId' );
client.onMessageArrived = function( msg ) {

console.log( "lights at " + msg.destinationName +
" are " + msg.payloadString );
client.disconnect();
};
client.connect({
onSuccess:function() {
client.subscribe( "switches/+/status" );
}
});
Browser-based library that uses WebSockets to connect to an MQTT server.

To use MQTT over WebSocket, you'll need that server supports the
WebSocket protocol, e.g. lighttpd with mod_websocket
Any projects making use of
MQTT?
The house that Twitters
“Monitoring things such as how much power our
house is using can give us valuable insights into the
cost of various appliances in the home,” he said.
“Recently I was out and got a tweet saying water
usage was higher than normal. I phoned home and
my wife looked out of the window to see the garden
hose had been left on.
“This can help us take steps to reduce our carbon
footprint and reduce energy bills. Mine has dropped
by a third in the last year.
Telegraph article
Facebook messenger
chat sessions, where users can join and leave a conversation, fit well
with the publisher-subscriber model
Under the hood: Rebuilding Facebook for iOS
Smart Lab
Monitoring experiments at the University of Southampton’s chemistry
lab.
Heart pacemakers
Send cardio data to doctors remotely monitoring at home patients
Other messaging protocols
AMQP
XMPP
請問有其他問題嗎?
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MQTT Slides 140524043859 Phpapp01

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MQTT Slides 140524043859 Phpapp01

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MQTT

Validates, transforms and routes messages

int main(int argc, char **argv)

client = mosquitto_new("client-id", true, NULL);

ret = mosquitto_connect(client, "127.0.0.1", 1883, 60);

err(1, "mosquitto failed");

ret = mosquitto_subscribe(client, NULL, "switches/+/status", 0);

def on_message(mosq, obj, msg):

while client.loop() == mosquitto.MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS:

client.onMessageArrived = function( msg ) {

Browser-based library that uses WebSockets to connect to an MQTT server.

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