Architectural software's

• Autodesk software
• AutoCAD
 Anthers are
• Revit  Sketch up
• 3D max
 Adobe product
• Graphic software
• ArchiCAD
 Room arranger
• Artilantices  Sweet home
 Chief architect
premium
 Lumion
 Blander
 Twin motion
Architectural software's
• AutoCAD software
• How to make
Architectural
Electrical
Sanitary
Structural drawings

• ARCHICAD
• How to make
3D DRAWING
DETAIL ELIVATION
RENDER
 AutoCAD – Introduction
• AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer
Aided Drafting) software application for 2D and 3D design
and drafting.
• Traditionally, technical drawing are made using
manual drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and time
consuming particularly for large complex Drawing.
• AutoCAD is being used widely in modern practice. The
ability of computer that enable engineers to produce,
revise, store and transmit original drawings has made it very
important.
 AutoCAD – Introduction
• In earlier releases, AutoCAD used primitive entities such as
lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and text as the foundation for
more complex objects.
• New technologies are constantly invented whichmake this
process quicker, more versatile and more powerful.
• Modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid modeling and
3D tools.
• With the release of AutoCAD 2007 came improved 3D modeling
functionality, which meant better navigation when working in
3D. Moreover, it became easier to edit 3D models.
 AutoCAD – Introduction
Advantages of CAD
• Easier Creation and Corrections - Working/detail drawings
may be created more quickly and makings changes is more
efficient than correcting drawings made by hand.

• Better Visualization of drawings - Many systems allow

different views of the same object and 3D pictorial view.
 AutoCAD – Introduction
Advantages of CAD…
• Database of Drawing Aids - Designs and symbols can be
stored for easy recall and reuse.

• Increased Accuracy - Using the computer, the drawing

can be produced with more accuracy.

• Improved Filing - Drawings can be more conveniently

filed, retrieved and transmitted on disks and tape.

• Quick Design Analysis

Starting AutoCAD
 AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars

• When AutoCAD 2007 is opened a window appears,

depending upon whether a Classic AutoCAD, a 3D
Modeling or an AutoCAD Default.

• The following figure shows the Classic AutoCAD workspace.

AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
AutoCAD 2010 menus and toolbars
AutoCAD 2015 menus and toolbars
 AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
Menu Bar
• The menu bar is situated
under the title bar and
contains names of menus
from which commands
can be selected.
AutoCAD 2007 basic floting tool bar
AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
Tool Bar
• The Tool bar is situated under the Menu bar
(in Horizontal or vertical position) and allows the user to
access Icons from which commands can be selected.
eg .Standard toolbar
 AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
Tool Bar
Eg- Draw and modify Toolbars
The Draw toolbar; contains buttons
to represent each of the major
drawing commands, including Line,
Polygon, Rectangle, Arc, Circle, ….etc.
The Modify toolbar; contains
buttons to represent commands
that can be used to edit drawing
objects, such as Erase, Copy, Mirror,
Offset, Array, Move, and Rotate
 AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
Status bar;
• The status bar is located below the command line.

• Buttons in the status bar can be used for toggling (turning

on/off) various functions that can be used to control drawing
aids besides the coordinate display.
 AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
Status bar…
• SNAP: also toggled using the F9 key. When set on, the cursor
under mouse control can only be moved in jumps from one snap
point to another.
• GRID: also toggled using the F7 key. When set on, a series of grid
points appears in the drawing area.
• ORTHO: also toggled using the F8 key. When set on, lines etc. can
only be drawn vertically or horizontally.
• POLAR: also toggled using the F10 key. When set on, a small tip
appears showing the direction and length of lines etc. in degrees
and units.
• OSNAP: also toggled using the F3 key. When set on, an osnap icon
appears at the cursor pick box.
 AutoCAD 2007 menus and toolbars
• Status bar…
• OTRACK: when set on, lines etc. can be drawn at exact
coordinate points and precise angles.
• DUCS: Dynamic UCS. Also toggled by the F6 key. Used when
constructing 3D solid models.
• DYN: Dynamic Input. When set on, the x,y coordinates and
prompts show when the cursor hairs are moved.
• LWT: when set on, line weights show on screen. When set
off, line weights only show in plotted/printed drawings.
• Note When constructing drawings in AutoCAD 2007 it is
advisable to toggle between Snap, Ortho, Osnap and the
other functions in order to make constructing easier.
 What is OSNAP?
• Osnap (Object Snap) settings make it easier to select a 2d
object’s points
• Endpoint
• Midpoint
• Perpendicular
• Center
• İntersection
• Osnap will be active when
AutoCAD is expecting you to
pick a point on the working area
• Type osnap on your
command window:
 Zooming...
• You will need to zoom in and out while drawing with
AutoCAD. This doesnt change your objects or UCS, only the
way you see your working space. This can be done in many
ways:
1. Scroll bars
2. Typing z or zoom in your command window.
• All
• Center
• Dynamic
• Extents
• Previous
• Scale
• Window
Lets draw a LINE:

• remember that AutoCAD recognizes an object by its

coordinates. You will need two given points to draw a line.
(x2,y2,z
2)

(x1,y1,z
1)
• You can start at a random point on your WCS for your FIRST
POINT, but you should specify the coordinates of your
SECOND POINT.
Lets draw a LINE (1):
b

a 30
1. Give the command
• Type “line” on the command window, OR
• Click on the line icon on the Draw toolbar, OR
• Select Line on the Draw menu
2. Specify the first point (a)
• Click on a random point on your working area (black space)
3. Specify the second point in relation to the first point
• @distance<degrees
• @5<30
Lets draw a LINE (2):

a 7 b
units
1. Hit F8 (ortho on)
2. Give the command
3. Specify the first point
4. Specify the second point in relation to the first point
• Point the cursor to the left hand side. You will see that the
cursor snaps only to 0o-90o-180o-270o
• Type 7 and hit enter
Lets draw a LINE (3):

b
(5,22,13
a
(4,8,11) )
If we know the coordinates of the line we want to draw,
we can simply type them into the command line.
(However, this mostly is not the case.)
1. Give the command
2. Specify the first point (4,8,11)
3. Specify the second point (5,11,23)
 What else?
• Rectangle: two diagonal lines a
(pick first point, select the second one with
relation to the first. @5<-33) b

• Circle/Arc: center and radius d

a
• Polygon: specify the number of edges and
length of a side

d
A small tip: you can use the EXPLODE command for the tool to split
the object into its components or lines
Editing…
• COPY
 ARRAY

• MOVE

 SCALE
• MIRROR

 STRETCH
More editing…
• STRETCH
 OFFSET

• EXPLODE

 ROTATE

 ERASE
 Polyline (pline)
• The PLINE command creates a chain line with
multiple vertexes and straight or circular segments
between the vertexes
• Draw a closed shape with the pline command:
• Then type PEDIT (polyline edit) on the command line
and see what you can do with it:
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]:
Try Width and Spline
Hatching

• Hatching is used to add shaded patterns to objects and shapes within an

Autocad drawing. Hatch patterns can be used to indicate a material to be
used, such as a concrete hatch. Alternatively it could be used to make an
area of a drawing stand out.

• You will pick:

• Pattern
• Scale
• Angle
• points
Drawing SOLIDS
• Solids contain the “mass properties” of 3D objects.
• You can use the Solids toolbar for readily accessible
objects
• Box
• Cylinder  Torus
• Wedge  Cone
• You can use the Boolean operations
 Sphereof more complicated
shapes.
• Union (join two solids)
• Subtract (carve out the second solid from the first)
• Intersection (only the common area)
To increase the number of faces

• Tools > Options > Display tab >

We can create solids by extruding as well

• If you “extrude” a surface into the third dimension, you

simply add a thickness in section. This basically is same
as creating a “solid” object

Extrude 5
units 5 units

Extrude -4
units

4 units
UCS and WCS
• The AutoCAD world is 3 dimensional. However, if we want to draw a 2d
object, such as a plan or a section, we will use only 2 dimensions (x and
y).
• WCS (world coordinate system) is the imaginary plane that is parallel to
the ground. It is the default coordinate system.
• Modifications made to the World Coordinate System (WCS) result in a
User Coordinate System (UCS). It is the plane that you work on. It enables
the user to draw 3 dimensional objects.
• To create a new UCS, type ucs on the command window, then say New
and specify 3 points on your new UCS plane.
Lets change the UCS
• —Prompt: Command: Type ucs and press Enter.
• —Prompt: Enter and option [New/Move/ orthoGraphic /Prev/ Restore/Save/Del/
Apply/?/World] <World>: Type in n for the New option and press Enter. —Prompt:
Specify origin of new UCS or [Zaxis/ 3point/ OBject/ Face/ View/X/Y/Z <0,0,0>: Type
3 to select the 3point option and press Enter.
• —Prompt: Specify a new origin point <0,0,0>:Use an Osnap or coordinate to select the
position for a new 0,0,0 point (this selects the junction of the X, Y, and Z axes). NOTE:
The intersection Osnap will NOT work with solid models.
• —Prompt: Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <1.000,0.000,0.000>:Use an
Osnap or coordinate to select the direction of the desired X-axis. NOTE: The numbers
inside the brackets< > will not necessarily be the same as those shown in this example.
• —Prompt: Specify point on positive-y portion of the UCS XY plane
<1.000,0.000,0.000>: Use an Osnap or coordinate to select the direction of the Y-axis.
The UCS icon should change position to indicate the new UCS orientation.
 The AutoCAD UCS (User coordinate system)
• The UCS icon- indicates the direction of the three
coordinate axes X, Y and Z.
• In the AutoCAD drawing area it is shown as arrows
pointing in the directions of the axes or describes the
current coordinate system and orientation of the
drawing area.
• When working in 2D, only the X and Y axes are
shown, but when the drawing area is in a 3D view all
three coordinate arrows are shown, except when the
model is in the XY plane.
See the fig below
The AutoCAD UCS (User coordinate system)
 Starting a Drawing
• The AutoCAD can open in three way
• From desk top shortcut
• From start main
• From Autodesk

Star all program Autodesk AutoCAD icon

 Start a Drawing
• You can start a new drawing several ways, including starting
from scratch or using a template file. In each case, you can
choose the units of measurement and other unit format
conventions.
Setting
 Before setting the functions on status Bar let us set the unit
and Drawing limits.
 From pull dawn menu select FORMAT>Units>Millimeter>
ENTER
 Again FORMAT>Drawing limits> 0,0>297,210>ENTER
 Then, Right Click on Status Bar>settings>SNAP>10 for x, 10
for y
 Start a Drawing
Start a Drawing from Scratch
A quick way to begin a new drawing is to start from scratch, which starts a
drawing that uses settings from a default drawing template file. The
Drawing1.dwg that opens when you start the program is a drawing that is started
from scratch.

• You can start from scratch from the Create New Drawing dialog box, from the
Select Template dialog box, or without using a dialog box at all. In each case, you
use either the NEW command or the QNEW command.
 Start a Drawing
• Use a Template
• Starts a drawing based on a drawing template file. Template drawings store all
the settings for a drawing and may also include predefined layers, dimension
styles, and views.

• Template drawings are distinguished from other drawing files by the .dwt file
extension. They are normally kept in the template directory.
2D Drawings
 Drawing

• The construction of 2D drawing in the Classic AutoCAD

workspace can be done with one of the following
method

1. Drawing by absolute coordinate points.

2. Drawing by relative coordinate points.

3. Drawing by polar coordinate points.

Drawing
1) Absolute Coordinates

• The absolute coordinate system locates all points from

an origin assumed to be 0,0.

• Absolute coordinate are entered as X,Y.

Drawing
2) Relative Coordinate

• Relative coordinates locate “to point” based on the last

point instead of the 0,0 origin. Relative coordinate are
entered as @X,Y. the value @2,0 would extend a line 2 to
the right with no vertical rise.

• Positive coordinates will move the crosshairs to the right

or above the origin point. Negative coordinates will move
the crosshairs down or to the left of last entry point.
 Drawing

3) POLAR Coordinate

• Polar coordinates use the last entry point as the origin and
combine a distance and an angle.

• polar coordinates are entered as; @3<27.5 (ENTER)

• This would produce a line 3 long at a 27.5° angle, as shown

to draw the opposite side of this roof truss would require
typing @3<332.5