Week 1

Chapter 1: LAN Design

This chapter discusses strategies that can be used to systematically design a highly functional network,
such as the hierarchical network design model and appropriate device selections. The goals of network
design are to limit the number of devices impacted by the failure of a single network device, provide a
plan and path for growth, and create a reliable network.
Week 1 Chapter 1: LAN Design

Objectives

 Explain why it is important to design a scalable hierarchical network.

• Describe hierarchical small business network designs.
• Explain considerations for designing a scalable network.
Week 1 Chapter 1: LAN Design

Objectives

 Select network devices based on feature compatibility and network

requirements.
• Select the appropriate switch hardware features to support network
requirements in small to medium-sized business networks.
• Describe the types of routers available for small to medium-sized
business networks.
• Configure basic settings on a Cisco IOS device.
Cisco Validated Designs
The Need to Scale the Network

All enterprise networks must:

• Support the exchange of various types of network
traffic
• Support critical applications
• Support converged network traffic
• Support diverse business needs
• Provide centralized administrative control
Cisco Validated Designs
Hierarchical Design Model

A hierarchical LAN design includes the following three layers of

ide administrative control
• Access layer
• Distribution layer
• Core layer
Expanding the Network
Design for Scalability

To support a large, medium or small

network, the network designer must
develop a strategy to enable the
network to be available and to scale
effectively and easily.
Expanding the Network
Planning for Redundancy

Redundancy is an important part of network

design for preventing disruption of network
services by minimizing the possibility of a single
point of failure.
Expanding the Network
Failure Domains

A failure domain is the area of a network that is

impacted when a critical device or network
service experiences problems.
Expanding the Network
Increasing Bandwidth

EtherChannel uses the existing switch ports;

therefore, additional costs to upgrade the link to a
faster and more expensive connection are not
necessary.
Expanding the Network
Expanding the Access Layer

The network must be designed to be able to

expand network access to individuals and devices,
as needed.
Expanding the Network
Fine-tuning Routing Protocols

• OSPF supports a two-layer hierarchical design, referred to

as multiarea OSPF.

• Multiarea OSPF requires an Area 0 (backbone area)

• Non-backbone areas must be directly connected to Area 0.

Switch Hardware
Switch Platforms

There are five categories of switches for enterprise networks:

• Campus LAN switches

• Cloud-managed switches

• Data center switches

• Service provider switches

• Virtual networking
Switch Hardware
Port Density

The port density of a switch refers to the number of ports

available on a single switch. The figure shows the port density
of three different switches.
Switch Hardware
Forwarding Rates

Forwarding rates define the processing capabilities of a switch

by rating how much data the switch can process per second.
Switch Hardware
Power over Ethernet

PoE allows the switch to deliver power to a

device over the existing Ethernet cabling. This
feature can be used by IP phones and some
wireless access points.
Switch Hardware
Multilayer Switching

Multilayer switches are typically deployed in

the core and distribution layers of an
organization's switched network.
Router Hardware
Router Requirements
 Routing is required within the distribution layer of an
enterprise network. Without routing, packets could not
leave the local network.

 Routers are critical networking devices because they are

responsible for:
• Connecting businesses and homes to the Internet
• Interconnecting multiple sites within an enterprise
network
• Connecting ISPs on the Internet
• Translating between different media types and
protocols
• Finding alternate paths if a link or path goes down
Router Hardware
Cisco Routers

As the network grows, it is important to select the proper

routers to meet its requirements. As shown in the figure,
there are three categories of routers:
• Branch Routers
• Network Edge Routers
• Service Provider Routers
Router Hardware
Router Hardware

Routers come in many forms:

• They range in size from a small desktop
router to a rack-mounted or blade model
router.
• They can be categorized as fixed
configuration or modular.
• They come with a variety of interfaces
such as Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet,
Serial, and fiber-optic.
As an example, the Cisco 1941 router comes
with two Gigabit Ethernet RJ-45 interfaces
built-in and two slots that can accommodate
many different network interface modules.
Managing Devices
Managing IOS Files and Licensing

For routers beginning with Cisco IOS Software release 15.0, Cisco modified the process to
enable new technologies within the IOS feature sets.
Managing Devices
In-band versus Out-of-band Management

Two methods for connecting a PC to a network

device
• Out-of-band management through the
use of the console or AUX port is used for
the initial configuration or when a network
connection is not available.
• In-band management is used to configure
or monitor the device remotely through a
network connection using either SSH or
HTTPs.
Managing Devices
Basic Router CLI Commands

• hostname
• enable secret
• line console
• password
• service password-encryption
• banner motd
• no shutdown
• ip address
Managing Devices
Basic Router Show Commands

• show ip protocols
• show ip route
• show interfaces
• show ip interfaces
• show ip interface brief
• show protocols
• show cdp neighbors
Managing Devices
Basic Switch CLI Commands

• hostname
• enable password
• line console
• password
• ip default-gateway
• switchport mode access
• switchport port-security
• duplex half
Managing Devices
Basic Switch Show Commands

• show port-security
• show port-security address
• show interfaces
• show mac-address-table
• show cdp neighbors command
Chapter 1
New Terms and Commands

• Mission-critical services • Failure domain

• Enterprise network • Wireless access point (AP)
• Mission-critical services • Building switch block
• Network operations center (NOC) • Departmental switch block
• Hierarchical design model • EtherChannel
• Access layer • Port channel interface
• Distribution layer • Load balancing
• Core layer • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Collapsed core design • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
• Multilayer switch (EIGRP)
• Link aggregation • Link-state routing protocol
• Redundancy • Single area OSPF
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) • Multiarea OSPF
• Distance vector routing protocol
Resource materials reference

Internet/Online Reference
www.netacad.com